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Pratap B, Patel VK. Synergy of hybridization of bauhinia vahlii and kenaf fiber on mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites: A Grey Taguchi Optimization Study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25868. [PMID: 38356498 PMCID: PMC10865334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present research work aims to develop Bauhinia vahlii fibre epoxy composites with incorporation of different weight percentage (wt%) of kenaf fiber as secondary reinforcement to elevate the mechanical and wear properties of prepared composites (through hand layup method). Higher value of mechanical properties like tensile strength-114.85 MPa, flexural strength- 64.64 MPa, and hardness- 57.2 Hv are achieved for bauhina vahlii-epoxy composites. In case of hybrid composites, tensile strength-161.92 MPa; flexural strength- 93.28 MPa; and hardness- 76.0Hv for bauhinia vahlii/kenaf-epoxy composites at 10 wt% of fiber reinforcement. The design of experiment is developed by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to optimize the experimental run with three control factors; sliding velocity, fiber wt%, and normal load. In order to assess the multiple responses, the fabricated composite is analysed by Grey-Taguchi method with optimal factor setting to improve the output responses i.e. specific wear rate, tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness. The optimal parameters which highly affect the properties of composites are sliding velocity (2.5 m/s), fiber wt% (10 wt %), and normal load (15 N). In wear mechanism analysis of composites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is demonstrated that the synergy of hybridization of bauhinia vahlii and kenaf fiber improved the mechanical and wear properties of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Pratap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, 246194, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, 246194, India
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Experimental study on evaluation and optimization of heavy metals adsorption on a novel amidoximated silane functionalized Luffa cylindrica. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3670. [PMID: 36871018 PMCID: PMC9985649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize an amidoximated Luffa cylindrica (AO-LC) bioadsorbent, and evaluate its efficiency in the adsorption of heavy metals from the aqueous solutions. For this purpose, NaOH solution was used to alkaline treatment of Luffa cylindrica (LC) fibers. The silane modification of LC was performed using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS). Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/LC biocomposite (PAN-LC) was synthesized by PAN grafting onto the MPS-modified LC (MPS-LC). Finally, the AO-LC was obtained by the amidoximation of PAN-LC. The chemical structures, morphology, and thermal properties of biocomposites were characterized by the infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a successful grafting of MPS and PAN on the surface of LC. The order of heavy metals adsorption on AO-LC was: Pb2+ > Ag+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+. The effects of operational parameters on the Pb2+ adsorption were studied using Taguchi experimental design method. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the initial Pb2+ concentration and the bioadsorbent dosage significantly affect the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption capacity and removal percentage of Pb2+ ions were obtained as 18.88 mg/g and 99.07%, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetics models were found to be better compatible with experimental data as a consequence of the isotherm and kinetics analysis.
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Boey JY, Lee CK, Tay GS. Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Bioplastics: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183737. [PMID: 36145883 PMCID: PMC9505779 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The short life cycle and recalcitrant nature of petroleum-based plastics have been associated with plastic waste accumulation due to their composition rather than worldwide overproduction. The drive to replace single-use products has sparked a considerable amount of research work to discover sustainable options for petroleum-based plastics. Bioplastics open up a new horizon in plastics manufacturing operations and industrial sectors because of their low environmental impact, superior biodegradability, and contribution to sustainable goals. Their mechanical properties regarding tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength vary substantially. Various attempts have been made to augment their mechanical characteristics and capacities by incorporating reinforcement materials, such as inorganic and lignocellulosic fibres. This review summarizes the research on the properties of bioplastics modified by fibre reinforcement, with a focus on mechanical performance. The mechanical properties of reinforced bioplastics are significantly driven by parameters such as filler type, filler percentage, and aspect ratio. Fibre treatment aims to promote fibre–matrix adhesion by changing their physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. A general overview of how different filler treatments affect the mechanical properties of the composite is also presented. Lastly, the application of natural fibre-reinforced bioplastics in the automobile, construction, and packaging industries is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Yin Boey
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-6532201
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Loganathan TM, Sultan MTH, Ahsan Q, Jawaid M, Naveen J, Shah AUM, Talib ARA, Basri AA. Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2022; 147:14079-14096. [PMID: 36093037 PMCID: PMC9447359 DOI: 10.1007/s10973-022-11557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural fibers have emerged as a potential alternate to synthetic fibers, because of their excellent performance, biodegradability, renewability and sustainability. This research has focused on investigating the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant properties of different hybrid Cytostachys Renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (50/0; 35/ 15, 25/25, 15/ 35, 0/50)-reinforced MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes)-modified phenolic composites. The mass% of MWCNT-modified phenolic resin was maintained 50 mass% including 0.5 mass% of MWCNT. In order to achieve homogeneous dispersion ball milling process was employed to incorporate the MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder). Thermal results from thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed that the hybrid composites (35/15; 35 mass% CR and 15 mass% K) showed higher thermal stability among the composite samples. Visco-elastic results revealed that kenaf fiber-based MWCNT-modified composites (0/50; 0 mass% CR and 50 mass% K) exhibited higher storage and loss modulus due to high modulus kenaf fiber. Fire-retardant analysis (UL-94) showed that all the composite samples met H-B self-extinguishing rating and exhibited slow burning rate according to limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. However, (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) hybrid composites showed the highest time to ignition, highest fire performance index, lowest total heat release rate, average mass loss rate, average fire growth rate index and maximum average rate of heat emission. Moreover, the smoke density of all hybrid composites was found to be less than 200 which meets the federal aviation regulations (FAR) 25.853d standard. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was carried out to select an optimal composite sample considering the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behaviors. Through TOPSIS analysis, the hybrid (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) composite sample has been selected as an optimal composite which can be used for high-temperature aircraft and automotive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Moli Loganathan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Aerospace Malaysia Innovation Centre (944751-A), Prime Minister’s Department, MIGHT Partnership Hub, Jalan Impact, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Qumrul Ahsan
- University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, 1205 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jesuarockiam Naveen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Ain Umaira Md Shah
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Abd. Rahim Abu Talib
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Adi Azriff Basri
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Structuring natural deep eutectic solvents with epoxidised lignin-enriched residues: a green alternative to petroleum-based thickened formulations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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El-Nemr KF, Gad YH, Ali MA. Newsprint microcrystalline fibers activated by different coupling agents and electron beam irradiation as filler for styrene-butadiene rubber-based composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2055263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F. El-Nemr
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser H. Gad
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Díaz-Mendoza JM, Valles-Rosales DJ, Park YH, Sabo RC. Micromechanical Modeling for Tensile Properties of Wood Plastic Composites: Use of Pruned Waste from Pecan Orchards as Sustainable Material for Reinforcement of Thermoplastic Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030504. [PMID: 35160493 PMCID: PMC8839127 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood plastic composites (WPCs) specimens containing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and wood pruning waste were manufactured and evaluated for their mechanical properties. Pecan waste was used as an accessible and sustainable source in this study, and the effects of its particle size and concentration on WPC strengths were evaluated. Pecan waste was milled and sieved to various particle sizes, and testing samples were fabricated by mixing them in a twin-screw extruder and injection molding. A coupling agent was used to create a stable bond between the HDPE and wood. Both tensile modulus and strength were increased with an increasing pecan flour concentration up to about 60 weigh percent. A micromechanical model is proposed for predicting the mechanical properties of the wood flour/fiber reinforce composite. This model uses a correction factor of an elliptical of carried sizes and shapes. The preliminary results of the model have a high correlation with the experimental values of the composite in all mesh sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Díaz-Mendoza
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Av. Del Charro 450, Juarez Chih 32410, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.-M.); (D.J.V.-R.)
| | - Delia J. Valles-Rosales
- Department of Industrial Engineering, New Mexico State University, 1060 Frenger Mall Dr. MSC 4230, Room 294, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.-M.); (D.J.V.-R.)
| | - Young H. Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico State University, 1780 E. University Ave, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - Ronald C. Sabo
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
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Zhang Q, Cai H, Yi W, Lei H, Liu H, Wang W, Ruan R. Biocomposites from Organic Solid Wastes Derived Biochars: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183923. [PMID: 32899867 PMCID: PMC7558975 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of natural fiber with biochars to prepare biocomposites has attracted widespread attention recently. Biochar has unique properties, including the porous structure, large specific surface area, high thermal stability, good conductivity, renewable and abundant feedstock source, and environmental friendliness, which provide excellent properties, environmental benefits, and low production costs for biochar-based composites. Biocomposites from organic solid waste-derived biochars show good prospects worldwide in terms of positive social, environmental, and economic impacts. This paper reviews current biochars, elucidates the effects of biochars on the characteristics and performance of biochar composites, and points out the challenges and future development prospects of biochar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.C.)
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hongzhen Cai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Haolu Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Weihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
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Wolski K, Cichosz S, Masek A. Surface hydrophobisation of lignocellulosic waste for the preparation of biothermoelastoplastic composites. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Amazing Types, Properties, and Applications of Fibres in Construction Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162513. [PMID: 31394815 PMCID: PMC6721013 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibres have been used in construction materials for a very long time. Through previous research and investigations, the use of natural and synthetic fibres have shown promising results, as their presence has demonstrated significant benefits in terms of the overall physical and mechanical properties of the composite material. When comparing fibre reinforcement to traditional reinforcement, the ratio of fibre required is significantly less, making fibre reinforcement both energy and economically efficient. More recently, waste fibres have been studied for their potential as reinforcement in construction materials. The build-up of waste materials all around the world is a known issue, as landfill space is limited, and the incineration process requires considerable energy and produces unwanted emissions. The utilisation of waste fibres in construction materials can alleviate these issues and promote environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions that work in the industry. This study reviews the types, properties, and applications of different fibres used in a wide range of materials in the construction industry, including concrete, asphalt concrete, soil, earth materials, blocks and bricks, composites, and other applications.
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Atiqah A, Jawaid M, Sapuan SM, Ishak MR. Physical properties of silane-treated sugar palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/368/1/012047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bio-composite hydrogels of cellulose and vulcanized natural rubber with nanointerconnected layers for reinforced water-retaining materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hollow glass microspheres/piassava fiber-reinforced homo- and co-polypropylene composites: preparation and properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Next generation high-performance carbon fiber thermoplastic composites based on polyaryletherketones. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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