1
|
Huang J, Ye L, Wang J, Deng Y, Du B, Liu W, Su G. A new approach to monitoring typical organophosphorus compounds (OPs) in environmental media: From database building to suspect screening. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108802. [PMID: 38875816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants (FRs) and plasticizers, yet strategies for comprehensively screening of suspect OPs in environmental samples are still lacking. In this work, a neoteric, robust, and general suspect screening technique was developed to identify novel chemical exposures by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). We firstly established a suspect chemical database which had 7,922 OPs with 4,686 molecular formulas, and then conducted suspect screening in n = 50 indoor dust samples, n = 76 sediment samples, and n = 111 water samples. By use of scoring criteria such as retention time prediction models, we successfully confirmed five compounds by comparison with their authentic standards, and prioritized three OPs candidates including a nitrogen/fluorine-containing compound, that is dimethyl {1H-indol-3-yl[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]methyl} phosphonate (DMITFMAMP). Given that the biodegradation half-life values in water (t1/2,w) of DMITFMAMP calculated by EPI Suite is 180 d, it is considered to be potentially persistent. This strategy shows promising potential in environmental pollution assessment, and can be expected to be widely used in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Langjie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Yirong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Bing Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, No.1 Yuhuinanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Environmental Protection of Water Ecological Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Xu S, Chen Q, Xu J, Sun B. Synergistic effect of modified anhydrous magnesium carbonate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15143-15154. [PMID: 38725564 PMCID: PMC11079627 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is widely used in various applications; however, its flammability limits its application in wire and cable industries. In this study, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) was successfully grafted onto the surface of anhydrous magnesium carbonate (AMC) by alkali activation treatment. The KH570 modified AMC (AMC@KH570) was then introduced into the EVA matrix along with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) to assess their effects on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EVA composites. The results illustrate a significant synergistic effect in enhancing the flame retardancy of EVA composites by using AMC@KH570 and HPCTP, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94) of EVA filled with 5 wt% HPCTP and 45 wt% AMC@KH570 (mAMC/H-45-5) reached 27.6% and V-0, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric/infrared (TG-IR) spectroscopy and residual carbon composition analysis. The results show that the thermal decomposition of AMC@KH570 and HPCTP consists of gas dilution, free radical quenching, and catalytic carbonization. Furthermore, KH570 works as a bridge to improve the compatibility of AMC and EVA matrix, which offsets the mechanical loss of EVA to some extent. The present research provides a new path to modify AMC and fabricate EVA composites with excellent flame retardant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Tian J, Yan L, Zhou S, Liang M, Zou H. Improving the Ablation Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Composites by Incorporating Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphonitrile. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:563. [PMID: 36770524 PMCID: PMC9920970 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ablative properties of epoxy-modified vinyl silicone rubber (EMVSR) composites containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphonitrile (HPCTP) have been systematically studied. The strength of the ablation char layer was greatly enhanced with the addition of HPCTP, which induced the formation of a more complete, denser, and thicker char during oxyacetylene ablation tests. Moreover, the HPCTP-containing EMVSR composites demonstrated lower thermal conductivity and pyrolysis rate when compared with those without HPTCP. At the same time, the thermal insulation properties of HPCTP-filled composites were improved under low heat flow ablation scenarios. The reduction of graphitic carbon content, the formation of phosphate-like crystals as well as the increase of SiC content contributed to strengthening the char layer, which was critical for improving the ablation properties. The optimum char layer strength and thermal insulation properties were achieved when the content of HPCTP was 15 phr, whereas an optimum ablation resistance was achieved at 25 phr HPCTP. This suggests that HPCTP-modified EMVSR composites can be used for thermal protection purposes, especially in the fields of aerospace and aeronautics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Skvortsov IY, Ponomarev II, Varfolomeeva LA, Kuzin MS, Razorenov DY, Skupov KM, Ponomarev II, Zuev KV, Levin IS, Shandryuk G, Kulichikhin VG. A more environmentally friendly path to the family of the flame-resistant semi-ladder “Lola” fibers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Xu S, Li J, Ye Q, Shen L, Lin H. Flame-retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composite materials by combining additions of aluminum hydroxide and melamine cyanurate: Preparation and characteristic evaluations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:525-531. [PMID: 33493862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great interest to develop efficient fire-resistant materials. While ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is a widely used material, it suffers from the problem of relatively high inflammability which seriously hinders its usage as the product material with a high flame-retardant requirement. In this study, a strategy to combine aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) with EVA was proposed to prepare the EVA composite materials with high flame resistance. It was found that slight addition of MCA could increase the lubricity of EVA and raise the compatibility between EVA and ATH. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the thermal stability of EVA was improved via adding MCA, which was evidenced by the delayed thermal decomposition temperature. Moreover, the combustion results indicated that the EVA composite with 60 parts per hundred (phr) ATH and 40 phr MCA addition (EVA-60-40) displayed the optimal isolated layer favoring the fire resistance. In addition, the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value (27.5%) and V-0 rating of the EVA-60-40 as compared with other components indicated its incombustible nature. These results suggested the synergetic effect of ATH and MCA additions, the high efficiency of the proposed strategy and the wide application prospect of the produced EVA-ATH-MCA composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Jianxi Li
- CGN DELTA (Jiangsu) Plastic & Chemical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215400, PR China.
| | - Qunfeng Ye
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites modified with a low additive content of silica-microencapsulated phosphazene flame retardant. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Wang J, Qiu J, Xu S, Li J, Shen L. Electron beam irradiation influencing the mechanical properties and water absorption of polycaprolactam (PA6) and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA66). RSC Adv 2020; 10:21481-21486. [PMID: 35518742 PMCID: PMC9054388 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that polycaprolactam (PA6) and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA66) are widely used industrial materials including in the irradiation industry. However, there is a lack of observation of irradiation effects on PA6 and PA66. In the current study, we firstly investigated mechanical and water absorption properties of PA6 and PA6 that were treated under irradiation doses of 200 kGy, 400 kGy, 800 kGy and 1600 kGy, respectively. The structure, mechanical properties and thermal properties of nylon after irradiation were characterized by mechanical property tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the tensile strength of PA6 increased gradually while that of PA66 firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. Additionally, the elongation at break of the two samples decreased obviously with the increase of irradiation dose. The water absorption of PA6 increased with the increase of irradiation dose; however, that of PA66 was almost constant regardless of irradiation. FTIR tests revealed that the carbonyl index of PA6 and PA66 increased with the increase of irradiation dose. SEM results illustrated that surface degradation of PA6 and PA66 occurred during the irradiation process. It is known that polycaprolactam (PA6) and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA66) are widely used industrial materials including in the irradiation industry.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Jinhua Huanke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
- Jinhua 321000
- China
| | | | - Siyi Xu
- Zhejiang Normal Univ
- Coll. Geog. & Environm. Sci
- Jinhua 321004
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Li
- CGN DELTA Jiangsu Plast & Chem Co., Ltd
- Suzhou 215400
- P. R. China
| | - Liguo Shen
- Zhejiang Normal Univ
- Coll. Geog. & Environm. Sci
- Jinhua 321004
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Cao J, Luo F, Cao C, Qian Q, Huang B, Xiao L, Chen Q. Simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of UHMWPE with polydopamine-coated expandable graphite. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21371-21380. [PMID: 35521313 PMCID: PMC9066032 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Jingshi Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Fubin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Changlin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Baoquan Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| | - Liren Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Preparation and characterization of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)–magnesium hydroxide (MH)–hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) composite flame-retardant materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|