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Ampawan S, Dairoop J, Keawbanjong M, Chinpa W. A floating biosorbent of polylactide and carboxylated cellulose from biomass for effective removal of methylene blue from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131354. [PMID: 38574933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A floating adsorbent bead was prepared from polylactide (PLA) and maleic anhydride (MAH)-modified cellulose in a one-pot process (OP bead). Cellulose was extracted from waste lemongrass leaf (LGL) and modified with MAH in the presence of dimethylacetamide (DMAc). PLA was then added directly into the system to form sorbent beads by a phase separation process that reused unreacted MAH and DMAc as a pore former and a solvent, respectively. The chemical modification converted cellulose macrofibres (55.1 ± 31.5 μm) to microfibers (8.8 ± 1.5 μm) without the need for grinding. The OP beads exhibited more and larger surface pores and greater thermal stability than beads prepared conventionally. The OP beads also removed methylene blue (MB) more effectively, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 86.19 mg⋅g-1. The adsorption of MB on the OP bead fitted the pseudo-second order and the Langmuir isotherm models. The OP bead was reusable over five adsorption cycles, retaining 88 % of MB adsorption. In a mixed solution of MB and methyl orange (MO), the OP bead adsorbed 96 % of the cationic dye MB while repelling the anionic dye MO. The proposed method not only reduced time, energy and chemical consumption, but also enabled the fabrication of a green, effective and easy-to-use biosorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasimaporn Ampawan
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Dairoop
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Mallika Keawbanjong
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Watchanida Chinpa
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Shaheen R, Yasin T, Ali Z, Khan AS, Adalat B, Tahir M, Khan SB. Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorptive Characteristics of Radiation-Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate Bamboo Fiber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38849-38859. [PMID: 37901518 PMCID: PMC10601089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a biosorbent was prepared through the radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) technique by using a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer. Functionalized bamboo materials were used for grafting. The grafting percentage (G %) of GMA on bamboo fibers was assessed based on the optimization of the absorbed dose and concentration of the monomer. The chemical modification of the polymerized product into the sulfonated form of the grafted biopolymer was carried out by using sodium sulfite solution. The modification of the biopolymer at various stages was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. By performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological changes of the prepared biopolymer were analyzed. The temperature stability of the synthesized material was assessed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. The prepared sulfonated biosorbent was used in the batch adsorption study for the uptake of copper. We examined a variety of variables, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and time. The adsorption kinetics were studied using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were also applied to study the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent. The maximum copper adsorption capacity was found to be 198 mg g-1 from the Langmuir isotherm. Copper adsorption followed PSO kinetics (R2 = 0.999). This inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent removed 96% of copper ions from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Shaheen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Yasin
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zarshad Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Bushra Adalat
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Tahir
- Department
of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering
and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), PO Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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El-Nemr KF, Gad YH, Ali MA. Newsprint microcrystalline fibers activated by different coupling agents and electron beam irradiation as filler for styrene-butadiene rubber-based composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2055263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F. El-Nemr
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser H. Gad
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim DW, Han S, Lee H, Shin J, Choi SQ. Swelling-based preparation of polypropylene nanocomposite with non-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118847. [PMID: 34893257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dispersion of nanofillers in a polymer matrix is one of the most important steps in preparing polymer nanocomposites. However, hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic nanofillers are intrinsically incompatible, making it difficult to mix them homogeneously. Here, we propose the swelling-based particle adsorption method (SPA) providing a simple route to disperse cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) within incompatible polypropylene (PP) matrix without surface functionalization of CNFs. The SPA enables CNFs to adsorb onto the surface of PP particles using a small amount of solvent. PP/CNFs composite films fabricated from the SPA showed increased Young's modulus by 80%, which agrees well with a theoretical prediction proving nano-dispersed. Furthermore, simply mixing a bit of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride can improve the tensile strength by 30% and the elongation at break by 10-fold than that of PP/CNFs composites. The SPA can be universally applied to any incompatible polymer-nanofiller pairs for the fabrication of nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongsoo Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Center for Environment & Sustainable Resources, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Center for Environment & Sustainable Resources, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Adewuyi A, Otuechere CA, Adebayo OL, Ajisodun I. Synthesis and toxicity profiling of sebacic acid-modified cellulose from unexploited watermelon exocarp. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Propolis and Organosilanes as Innovative Hybrid Modifiers in Wood-Based Polymer Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020464. [PMID: 33478032 PMCID: PMC7836005 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The article presents characteristics of wood/polypropylene composites, where the wood was treated with propolis extract (EEP) and innovative propolis-silane formulations. Special interest in propolis for wood impregnation is due to its antimicrobial properties. One propolis-silane formulation (EEP-TEOS/VTMOS) consisted of EEP, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS), while the other (EEP-TEOS/OTEOS) contained EEP, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and octyltriethoxysilane (OTEOS). The treated wood fillers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the composites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy. The wood treated with EEP and propolis-silane formulations showed resistance against moulds, including Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, and Trichoderma viride. The chemical analyses confirmed presence of silanes and constituents of propolis in wood structure. In addition, treatment of wood with the propolis-silane formulations produced significant changes in nucleating abilities of wood in the polypropylene matrix, which was confirmed by an increase in crystallization temperature and crystal conversion, as well as a decrease in half-time of crystallization parameters compared to the untreated polymer matrix. In all the composites, the formation of a transcrystalline layer was observed, with the greatest rate recorded for the composite with the filler treated with EEP-TEOS/OTEOS. Moreover, impregnation of wood with propolis-silane formulations resulted in a considerable improvement of strength properties in the produced composites. A dependence was found between changes in the polymorphic structures of the polypropylene matrix and strength properties of composite materials. It needs to be stressed that to date literature sources have not reported on treatment of wood fillers using bifunctional modifiers providing a simultaneous effect of compatibility in the polymer-filler system or any protective effect against fungi.
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Cellulose Modification for Improved Compatibility with the Polymer Matrix: Mechanical Characterization of the Composite Material. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235519. [PMID: 33287258 PMCID: PMC7729504 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The following article is the presentation attempt of cellulose hybrid chemical modification approach as a useful tool in improving the mechanical properties of plant fiber-filled polymer materials. The treatment process is a prolonged method of the cellulose maleinization and consists of two steps: 1. solvent exchange (altering fiber structure); 2. maleic anhydride (MA) chemical grafting (surface modification). Thanks to the incorporated treatment method, the created ethylene-norbornene copolymer composite specimen exhibited an improved performance, tensile strength at the level of (38.8 ± 0.8) MPa and (510 ± 20)% elongation at break, which is higher than for neat polymer matrix and could not be achieved in the case of regular MA treatment. Moreover, both the Payne effect and filler efficiency factor indicate a possibility of the fiber reinforcing nature that is not a common result. Additionally, the polymer matrix employed in this research is widely known for its excellent resistance to aqueous and polar organic media, good biocompatibility, and the ability to reproduce fine structures which makes it an interesting material regarding healthcare applications. Therefore, plant fiber-based polymer materials described in this research might be potentially applied in this area, e.g., medical devices, drug delivery, wearables, pharmaceutical blisters, and trays.
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Chemical Modification of Cellulose Microfibres to Reinforce Poly(methyl methacrylate) Used for Dental Application. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173807. [PMID: 32872190 PMCID: PMC7503994 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of dental acrylic resins have to be improved in the case of a thin denture plate. This can be achieved by cellulose addition, playing the role of active filler. But to provide the excellent dispersion of cellulose microfibres within the hydrophobic polymer matrix, its surface has to be modified. Cellulose microfibres with average length from 8 to 30 μm were modified with octyltriethoxysilane and (3-methacryloxypropyl)methyldimethoxysilane. The latter also participated in the polymerisation reaction of methyl methacrylate. Dental composites were prepared following the general procedure provided by the supplier. The successful modification of the microfibres led to the improved compatibility of the cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate). The fibres after modification were uniformly distributed within the matrix, resulting in the improved mechanical performance of obtained materials. Cellulose microfibres are good candidates for the dental materials to be used as the active filler. The simple and straightforward approach for the cellulose modifications with silanes provides good potential for its future practical application.
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Agarwal J, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Influence of cellulose nanocrystal/sisal fiber on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological performance of polypropylene hybrid composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cichosz S, Masek A. Cellulose Fibers Hydrophobization via a Hybrid Chemical Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1174. [PMID: 31336791 PMCID: PMC6681115 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The following article highlights the importance of an indispensable process in cellulose fibers (UFC100) modification which may change the biopolymer properties-drying. The reader is provided with a broad range of information considering the drying process consequences on the chemical treatment of the cellulose. This research underlines the importance of UFC100 moisture content reduction considering polymer composites application with the employment of a technique different than thermal treating. Therefore, a new hybrid chemical modification approach is introduced. It consists of two steps: solvent exchange (with ethanol either hexane) and chemical treatment (maleic anhydride-MA). With the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it has been proven that the employment of different solvents may contribute to the higher yield of the modification process as they cause rearrangements in hydrogen bonds structure, swell the biopolymer and, therefore, affect its molecular packing. Furthermore, according to the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the improvement in fibers thermal resistance was noticed, e.g., shift in the value of 5% temperature mass loss from 240 °C (regular modification) to 306 °C (while solvent employed). Moreover, the research was broadened with cellulose moisture content influence on the modification process-tested fibers were either dried (D) or not dried (ND) before the hybrid chemical treatment. According to the gathered data, D cellulose exhibits elevated thermal resistance and ND fibers are more prone to the MA modification. What should be emphasized, in the case of all carried out UFC100 treatments, is that a decrease in moisture contend was evidenced-from approximately 4% in case of thermal drying to 1.7% for hybrid chemical modification. This is incredibly promising considering the possibility of the treated fibers application in polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cichosz
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Masek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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