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Peroxide-Based Crosslinking of Solid Silicone Rubber, Part I: Insights into the Influence of Dicumylperoxide Concentration on the Curing Kinetics and Thermodynamics Determined by a Rheological Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204404. [PMID: 36297981 PMCID: PMC9609014 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the curing behaviour of industrially employed elastomeric compounds under typical processing conditions in a reliable and scientifically driven way is important for rubber processing simulation routines, such as injection moulding. Herein, a rubber process analyser was employed to study the crosslinking kinetics of solid silicone rubber based on the concentration of dicumylperoxide. A model was proposed to describe the optimal cure time variation with peroxide concentration and temperature, based on the analysis of processing parameters applying kinetic and thermodynamic judgments. Additionally, the conversion rate was described with the aid of a phenomenological model, and the effect of dicumylperoxide concentration on the final crosslink state was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic explanations. Optimal curing time was affected both by temperature and dicumylperoxide concentration. However, the effects were less pronounced for high temperatures (>170 ∘C) and high concentrations (>0.70 phr). A limit on the crosslink state was detected, meaning that the dicumylperoxide capacity to crosslink the silicone network is restricted by the curing mechanism. Curing restrictions were presumed to be primarily thermodynamic, based on the proton abstraction mechanism that drives the crosslinking reaction. In addition to providing more realistic crosslinking models for rubber injection moulding simulation routines, the results of this study may also explain the chemical behaviour of organic peroxides widely used for silicone crosslinking.
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2
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Preparation and study of mechanical and thermal properties of silicone rubber/poly(styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene) triblock copolymer blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Mituła K, Januszewski R, Duszczak J, Rzonsowska M, Dudziec B. High thermally stable polysiloxanes cross-linked with di(alkenyl)functionalized DDSQs exhibiting swelling abilities. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Chakraborty I, Lai SN, Wu JM, Lai CS. α-Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles Aided-Dual Conversion for Self-Powered Bio-Based Photodetector. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1147. [PMID: 35407265 PMCID: PMC9000849 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly energy harvesting from the surrounding environment has been triggered extensive researching enthusiasm due to the threat of global energy crisis and environmental pollutions. By the conversion of mechanical energy that is omnipresent in our environment into electrical energy, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can potentially power up small electronic devices, serves as a self-powered detectors and predominantly, it can minimize the energy crisis by credibly saving the traditional non-renewable energy. In this study, we present a novel bio-based TENG comprising PDMS/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite film and a processed human hair-based film, that harvests the vibrating energy and solar energy simultaneously by the integration of triboelectric technology and photoelectric conversion techniques. Upon illumination, the output voltage and current signals rapidly increased by 1.4 times approximately, compared to the dark state. Experimental results reveal that the photo-induced enhancement appears due to the effective charge separation depending on the photosensitivity of the hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles) over the near ultraviolet (UV), visible and near infrared (IR) regions. Our work provides a new approach towards the self-powered photo-detection, while developing a propitious green energy resource for the circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Sz-Nian Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (S.-N.L.); (J.-M.W.)
- Ph.D. Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (S.-N.L.); (J.-M.W.)
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Artificial Intelligence and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
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5
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Niu Z, Li G, Xin Y, Ma X, Zhang C, Hou X. Enhanced thermal and anti‐ablation properties of high‐temperature resistant reactive
POSS
modified boron phenolic resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yi Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Chengshuang Zhang
- Xi'an Aerospace Composites Research Institute, The Fourth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Xi'an China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation China
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6
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Wallau W, Recknagel C, Smales GJ. Structural silicone sealants after exposure to laboratory test for durability assessment. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Wallau
- 7.1 Building Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Recknagel
- 7.1 Building Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung Berlin Germany
| | - Glen J. Smales
- 6.5 Synthesis and Scattering of Nanostructured Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung Berlin Germany
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7
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Stefanowska K, Szyling J, Walkowiak J, Franczyk A. Alkenyl-Functionalized Open-Cage Silsesquioxanes (RSiMe 2O) 3R' 7Si 7O 9: A Novel Class of Building Nanoblocks. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11006-11013. [PMID: 34133151 PMCID: PMC8335724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Trifunctional incompletely
condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
(RSiMe2O)3R′7Si7O9 (IC-POSSs) are considered as intriguing
building nanoblocks dedicated to constructing highly advanced organic–inorganic
molecules and polymers. Up to now, they have been mainly obtained via hydrosilylation of olefins, while the hydrosilylation
of the C≡C bonds has not been studied at all, despite the enormous
potential of this approach resulting from the possibility of introducing
3, 6, or even more functional groups into the IC-POSS structure. Therefore, in this work, we present a highly selective
and efficient synthesis of the first example of tripodal alkenyl-functionalized IC-POSSs, obtained via platinum-catalyzed
hydrosilylation of the terminal and internal alkynes, as well as symmetrically
and nonsymmetrically 1,4-disubstituted buta-1,3-diynes with silsesquioxanes
(HSiMe2O)3R′7Si7O9 (R′ = i-C4H9 (1a), (H3C)3CH2C(H3C)HCH2C (1b)). The resulting
products are synthetic intermediates that contain C=C bonds
and functional groups (e.g., OSiMe3, SiR3, Br,
F, B(O(C(CH3)2)2 (Bpin)), thienyl),
which make them suitable for application in the synthesis of novel,
complex, hybrid materials with unique properties. The first example of the synthesis of
alkenyl-functionalized
open-cage silsesquioxanes (IC-POSS) via platinum-catalyzed
hydrosilylation of C−C triple bonds in alkynes and buta-1,3-diynes
is presented. The optimized synthetic procedure allowed for the selective
and efficient synthesis of 20 new functional molecules capable of
further modification by hydrosilylation, hydroboration, or other chemical
processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Stefanowska
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Szyling
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adrian Franczyk
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Zhang YL, Zang CG, Shi LP, Jiao QJ, Pan HW, She-li YF. Preparation of boron-containg hybridized silicon rubber by in-situ polymerization of vinylphenyl-functionalized polyborosiloxane and liquid silicone rubber. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Du W, Zhang Z, Gao W, Li Z. Biomass/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites: Advances in preparation strategies and performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan University Chengdu China
- XING YE Leather Technology Co., Ltd Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Design and Manufacture of Leather Quanzhou Fujian Province China
| | - Weining Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zetian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weiyao Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
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10
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Preparation of Tri(alkenyl)functional Open-Cage Silsesquioxanes as Specific Polymer Modifiers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051063. [PMID: 32384702 PMCID: PMC7285154 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific reports on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes are mostly focused on the formation of completely condensed T8 cubic type structures and recently so-called double-decker derivatives. Herein, we report on efficient synthetic routes leading to trifunctionalized, open-cage silsesquioxanes with alkenyl groups of varying chain lengths from -vinyl to -dec-9-enyl and two types of inert groups (iBu, Ph) at the silsesquioxane core. The presented methodology was focused on hydrolytic condensation reaction and it enabled obtaining titled compounds with high yields and purity. A parallel synthetic methodology that was based on the hydrosilylation reaction was also studied. Additionally, a thorough characterization of the obtained compounds was performed, also in terms of their thermal stability, melting and crystallization temperatures (TGA and DSC) in order to show the changes in the abovementioned parameters dependent on the type of reactive as well as inert groups at Si-O-Si core. The presence of unsaturated alkenyl groups has a profound impact on the application potential of these systems, i.e., as modifiers or comonomers for copolymerization reaction.
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de Hoyos-Martínez PL, Robles E, Khoukh A, Charrier-El Bouhtoury F, Labidi J. Formulation of Multifunctional Materials Based on the Reaction of Glyoxalated Lignins and a Nanoclay/Nanosilicate. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3535-3546. [PMID: 31329420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two organosolv lignins from different origins, namely, almond shells and maritime pine, were modified by using a nanoclay and nanosilicate. Prior to modification, they were activated via glyoxalation to enhance the reactivity of the lignins and thus ease the introduction of the nanoparticles into their structure. The lignins were characterized by several techniques (Fourier transformed infrared, high-performance size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis) before and after modification to elucidate the main chemical and structural changes. The reaction with glyoxal proved to increase the amount of hydroxyl groups and methylene bridges. This tendency was more pronounced, as the percentage of glyoxal was incremented. On the other side, the addition of the nanoclay and nanosilicate particles improved the thermal stability of the lignins compared to that of the original unmodified ones. This trend was more evident for the lignin derived from maritime pine, which displayed better results regarding the thermal stability, indicating a more effective combination of the nanoparticles in the lignin structure during the modification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L de Hoyos-Martínez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa, 1 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,C NRS/UPPA PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E25 UPPA , Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), IUT des Pays de l'Adour , 371 Rue de Ruisseau , 40004 Mont de Marsan , France
| | - Eduardo Robles
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa, 1 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Abdel Khoukh
- CNRS/UPPA PAU & PAYS ADOUR/ E25 UPPA , Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), IUT des Pays de l'Adour , 2 Avenue du Président Angot , Pau F-64053 , France
| | - Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury
- C NRS/UPPA PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E25 UPPA , Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), IUT des Pays de l'Adour , 371 Rue de Ruisseau , 40004 Mont de Marsan , France
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa, 1 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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