1
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You S, Ding Z, Yuan R, Long J, Xu C. Confined synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers for selective photocatalytic oxidation of amines. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:63-73. [PMID: 38460385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines is considered a mild, efficient, and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of imines. As a versatile organic semiconductor, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are attractive in photocatalysis areas due to the diversity of their polymeric monomers. Herein, we report that in addition to the design of monomers, size-confined polymerization is also a feasible strategy to modulate the structure and photocatalysis properties of CMPs. We adopted dibromopyrazine as polymeric units to prepare pyrazine-involved hollow spherical CMPs (H-PyB) using a template method and successfully performed size-confined polymerization of hollow samples by resizing the templates. Interestingly, the small confinement space induced the formation of CMPs with better conjugate extensibility, resulting in enhanced conductivity, narrowed bandgaps, improved photoelectric performance, etc. As a result, small-sized H-PyB CMPs had superior activity for the photocatalytic oxidation of amines. Particularly, the smallest H-PyB CMPs that we designed in the present work exhibited excellent performance for the photocatalytic coupling oxidation of amines. When using benzylamine as a model substrate, the yield of the corresponding imine reached ∼ 113 mmol·g-1·h-1, accompanied by almost 100 % selectivity. Furthermore, the as-designed confined samples exhibited stable photocatalytic activity as well as good applicability for oxidative coupling of different amines. This work not merely reports a kind of CMP photocatalysts with excellent performance for the imine coupling oxidation but also proposes an alternative strategy for constructing high-performance organic photocatalysts by size-confined synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie You
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxin Ding
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Rusheng Yuan
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Long
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
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2
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Darkwah WK, Appiagyei AB, Puplampu JB. Transforming the Petroleum Industry through Catalytic Oxidation Reactions vis-à-vis Preceramic Polymer Catalyst Supports. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34215-34234. [PMID: 37780012 PMCID: PMC10536879 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Preceramic polymers, for instance, are used in a variety of chemical processing industries and applications. In this contribution, we report on the catalytic oxidation reactions generated using preceramic polymer catalyst supports. Also, we report the full knowledge of the use of the remarkable catalytic oxidation, and the excellent structures of these preceramic polymer catalyst supports are revealed. This finding, on the other hand, focuses on the functionality and efficacy of future applications of catalytic oxidation of preceramic polymer nanocrystals for energy and environmental treatment. The aim is to design future implementations that can address potential environmental impacts associated with fuel production, particularly in downstream petroleum industry processes. As a result, these materials are being considered as viable candidates for environmentally friendly applications such as refined fuel production and related environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 4P48+59H, Ghana
| | - Alfred Bekoe Appiagyei
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joshua B. Puplampu
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 4P48+59H, Ghana
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3
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Ye D, Liu L, Peng Q, Qiu J, Gong H, Zhong A, Liu S. Effect of Controlling Thiophene Rings on D-A Polymer Photocatalysts Accessed via Direct Arylation for Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2023; 28:4507. [PMID: 37298982 PMCID: PMC10254606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production have the advantages of an adjustable structure, strong response in the visible light region, adjustable energy levels, and easy functionalization. Using an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation method, dibromocyanostilbene was polymerized with thiophene, dithiophene, terthiophene, and fused thienothiophene and dithienothiophene, respectively, to produce donor-acceptor (D-A)-type linear conjugated polymers containing different thiophene derivatives with different conjugation lengths. Among them, the D-A polymer photocatalyst constructed from dithienothiophene could significantly broaden the spectral response, with a hydrogen evolution rate up to 12.15 mmol h-1 g-1. The results showed that the increase in the number of fused rings on thiophene building blocks was beneficial to the photocatalytic hydrogen production of cyanostyrylphene-based linear polymers. For the unfused dithiophene and terthiophene, the increase in the number of thiophene rings enabled more rotation freedom between the thiophene rings and reduced the intrinsic charge mobility, resulting in lower hydrogen production performance accordingly. This study provides a suitable process for the design of electron donors for D-A polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongnai Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Qimin Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Jiabin Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Hao Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.Y.); (Q.P.); (H.G.)
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4
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Zhang S, Zhao F, Yasin G, Dong Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Tsiakaras P, Zhao J. Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: Linkage units engineering in triazine-based conjugated porous polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:41-54. [PMID: 36682117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) have been widely reported as promising photocatalysts. However, the realization of powerful photocatalytic hydrogen production performance still benefits from the rational design of molecular frameworks and the appropriate choice of building monomers. Herein, we synthesized two novel conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) by copolymerizing pyrene and 1,3,5-triazine building blocks. It is found that minor structural changes in the peripheral groups of the triazine units can greatly affect the photocatalytic activity of the polymers. Compared with the phenyl-linkage unit, the thiophene-linkage unit can give CPP a wider absorption range of visible light, a narrower band gap, a higher transmission and separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers (electrons/holes), and a better interface contact with the photocatalytic reaction solution. The catalyst containing thiophene-triazine (ThPy-CPP) has an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 21.65 and 16.69 mmol g-1h-1 under full-arc spectrum and visible light without the addition of a Pt co-catalyst, respectively, much better than the one containing phenyl-triazine (PhPy-CPP, only 5.73 and 3.48 mmol g-1h-1). This study provides a promising direction to design and construct highly efficient, cost-effective CPP-based photocatalysts, for exploring the application of noble metal-free catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - YunYun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering, University of Thessaly 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos 38834 Greece.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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5
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Tunable Donor-Acceptor Linear Conjugated Polymers Involving Cyanostyrylthiophene Linkages for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052203. [PMID: 36903455 PMCID: PMC10004844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation polymerization (DArP) strategy was developed to access cyanostyrylthiophene (CST)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers (CPs) used for photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP) from water reduction. The new CST-based CPs CP1-CP5 with varied building blocks were systematically studied by X-ray single-crystal analysis, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and a PHP test, which showed that the phenyl-cyanostyrylthiophene-based CP3 exhibits a superior hydrogen evolution rate (7.60 mmol h-1 g-1) compared to other conjugated polymers. The structure-property-performance correlation results obtained in this study will provide an important guideline for the rational design of high-performance D-A CPs for PHP applications.
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6
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Han X, Zhao F, Shang Q, Zhao J, Zhong X, Zhang J. Effect of Nitrogen Atom Introduction on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Covalent Triazine Frameworks: Experimental and Theoretical Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200828. [PMID: 35869028 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of high-performance photocatalyst has always been explored. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially keto-amine-linked COFs, have many advantages, such as adjustable bandgaps, π-π stacking structure, excellent response ability to visible light, high specific surface area, high mobility of carrier carriers, good physical and chemical stability, and so on, showing strong potential applications in photocatalytic solar energy conversion and hydrogen production. Two analogous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), T3H-CTF and T3N-CTF, have been synthesized via Schiff-base condensation reactions between 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbalehyde (MOP) and the corresponding triazine-based aromatic amines under solvothermal condition. For T3N-CTF, the peripheral aromatic linker to the central triazine unit was the pyridine unit, instead of the benzene unit in the T3H-CTF unit. T3N-CTF had a hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 6485.05 μmol g-1 h-1 , much higher than that of T3H-CTF (2028.06 μmol g-1 h-1 ). Accordingly, T3N-CTF had a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 12.2 % than that of T3H-CTF (4.12 %) at 405 nm. The experimental and theoretical results showed that the extended light absorption range, enlarged surface area, and enhanced separation and transportation efficiencies of charge carriers of T3N-CTF compared with T3H-CTF were uniformly induced by the introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms into the skeleton of former CTF, which eventually boosted the visible-light induced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The work suggests a new method for enhancing the intrinsic HER activity by modulating the electronic features of the conjugated COFs by the introduction of pyridinic N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and New Battery Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and New Battery Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and New Battery Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and New Battery Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and New Battery Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
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7
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Chen R, Hu P, Xian Y, Hu X, Zhang G. Incorporation of Sequence Aza-Substitution and Thiophene Bridge in Linear Conjugated Polymers Toward Highly Efficient Photo-Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100872. [PMID: 35413143 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution performance of organic photo-catalysts is lagged by numerous factors, such as the narrow photon absorption window, low charge transport, and so on. In this paper, four linear conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized based on dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide as acceptor, and aza-substituted thiophene-phenyl-thiophene with different substituted numbers as co-units. The polymers with thiophene bridge and aza-substitution exhibited broad visible-absorption because of the extended conjugated length and improved planar structures resulting from the intramolecular non-covalent interactions (S···N or CH···N). The mono-substitution polymer without addition of any co-catalysts showed the highest photo-catalytic performances with the hydrogen evolution rates of 8950 and 7388 μmol g-1 h-1 under the UV-vis (>295 nm) and visible (>420 nm) irradiation, respectively. The corresponding apparent quantum yields were as high as 8.34, 5.37, and 1.96% for the 420, 500, and 550 nm monochromatic light irradiation, respectively, which were much higher than those of the classic polymer (P7) without thiophene bridge and aza-substitution. This work indicated that the incorporation of thiophene bridge enhanced visible absorption and aza-substitution optimized co-planarity and activate reactive sites, which should be an effective strategy to improve the photo-catalytic performance of linear conjugated polymer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Chen
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, National Engineering Lab of Special Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Pengwei Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuxi Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xianhai Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, National Engineering Lab of Special Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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8
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Han X, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zhao J, Ming S, Zhang J. Effect of the cross-linker length of thiophene units on photocatalytic hydrogen production of triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:708-718. [PMID: 35425110 PMCID: PMC8978623 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07916f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been investigated in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production because of their extended π-conjugation, tunable chemical structure and excellent thermal stability. Herein, we construct three CMPs based on thiophenes and triazine, and prove the effect of cross-linker length on photocatalytic activity of CMPs. BTPT-CMP1 exhibits blue-shifted optical absorption compared to BTPT-CMP2 and BTPT-CMP3 with long cross-linkers, however, possesses higher photocurrent because of the large specific surface area and small interface charge transfer resistance of BTPT-CMP1. It was found that BTPT-CMP1 (5561.87 μmol g−1 h−1) with short cross-linkers exhibits better photocatalytic performance compared to BTPT-CMP2 (1840.86 μmol g−1 h−1) and BTPT-CMP3 (1600.48 μmol g−1 h−1). Also, BTPT-CMP1 possesses a higher hydrogen evolution rate than most reported 1,3,5-triazine based conjugated polymers. These results demonstrate that the cross-linker length has great influence on the photocatalytic properties of conjugated microporous polymers, which offers theoretical direction for designing high-performance CMPs. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been investigated in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production because of their extended π-conjugation, tunable chemical structure and excellent thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - YunYun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Shouli Ming
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China
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9
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Sheng ZQ, Xing YQ, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu SY, Chen L. Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor-acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:607-623. [PMID: 34285864 PMCID: PMC8261276 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can be easily tuned via structural design. In addition, they are of light weight (i.e., mainly composed of C, N, O, and S). To improve the photocatalytic performance of CPs and better understand the catalytic mechanisms, many strategies with respect to material design have been proposed. These include tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D-A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor units. The challenges and prospects associated with D-A polymer-based photocatalysts are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Sheng
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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10
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Liu A, Gedda L, Axelsson M, Pavliuk M, Edwards K, Hammarström L, Tian H. Panchromatic Ternary Polymer Dots Involving Sub-Picosecond Energy and Charge Transfer for Efficient and Stable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2875-2885. [PMID: 33541077 PMCID: PMC7917435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Panchromatic ternary polymer dots (Pdots) consisting of two conjugated polymers (PFBT and PFODTBT) based on fluorene and benzothiadiazole groups, and one small molecular acceptor (ITIC) have been prepared and assessed for photocatalytic hydrogen production with the assistance of a Pt cocatalyst. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic studies of the ternary Pdots have revealed both energy and charge transfer processes that occur on the time scale of sub-picosecond between the different components. They result in photogenerated electrons being located mainly at ITIC, which acts as both electron and energy acceptor. Results from cryo-transmission electron microscopy suggest that ITIC forms crystalline phases in the ternary Pdots, facilitating electron transfer from ITIC to the Pt cocatalyst and promoting the final photocatalytic reaction yield. Enhanced light absorption, efficient charge separation, and the ideal morphology of the ternary Pdots have rendered an external quantum efficiency up to 7% at 600 nm. Moreover, the system has shown a high stability over 120 h without obvious degradation of the photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Liu
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Axelsson
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariia Pavliuk
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Shu C, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Gao X, Ma W, Ren SB, Wang F, Chen Y, Zeng JH, Jiang JX. Bisulfone-Functionalized Organic Polymer Photocatalysts for High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:369-375. [PMID: 31755236 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers show great potential in the application of photocatalysis, particularly for the photoreduction reaction of water to generate hydrogen. Molecular structure design is a key part for building a high-performance organic photocatalyst. Herein, two bisulfone-containing conjugated polymer photocatalysts were constructed with 1D or 3D polymer structures, and the effect of polymer geometry on photocatalytic activity was studied. It was found that the linear polymer PySEO-1 exhibited increased photocatalytic performance compared with the 3D polymer network PySEO-2 because the enhanced coplanarity of the polymeric chain in PySEO-1 promoted the photogenerated charge-carrier transmission along the 1D main chain. As a result, an attractive hydrogen generation rate of 9477 μmol h-1 g-1 was obtained with PySEO-1 under broadband light irradiation. PySEO-1 also exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 4.1 % at an incident light wavelength of 400 nm, demonstrating that the bisulfone-containing polymers are attractive as organic photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bin Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 317000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
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Jayakumar J, Chou H. Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water using Polymer Photocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ho‐Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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