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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ming S, Lin P, Yu R, Xu T. Ultra-Stable High-Capacity Polythiophene Derivative for Wide-Potential-Window Supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:22571-22579. [PMID: 38640486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP)-based supercapacitors show great promise for applications in the field of wearable and portable electronics. However, these supercapacitors face persistent challenges, notably low energy density and inadequate stability. In this study, we introduce a polythiophene derivative, designated as poly(EPE), synthesized via the electrochemical polymerization of 8-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (EPE). The resulting poly(EPE) polymer exhibits an exemplary 3D porous network-like structure, significantly enhancing its capacitance performance. When employed as the electrode material, the symmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an exceptionally high specific capacitance of 1342 F g-1 at a current density of 4.0 A g-1, along with impressive energy and power densities of 119.3 W h kg-1 and 38.83 kW kg-1, respectively. These capacitance values surpass those of previously reported pristine CP-based supercapacitors. Notably, the supercapacitor showcases outstanding stability, maintaining a retention rate of 92.5% even after 50,000 charge-discharge cycles. These findings underscore the substantial potential of poly(EPE) as an electrode material for the advancement of the supercapacitor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shouli Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Peicheng Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruixuan Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Ye D, Liu L, Peng Q, Qiu J, Gong H, Zhong A, Liu S. Effect of Controlling Thiophene Rings on D-A Polymer Photocatalysts Accessed via Direct Arylation for Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114507. [PMID: 37298982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production have the advantages of an adjustable structure, strong response in the visible light region, adjustable energy levels, and easy functionalization. Using an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation method, dibromocyanostilbene was polymerized with thiophene, dithiophene, terthiophene, and fused thienothiophene and dithienothiophene, respectively, to produce donor-acceptor (D-A)-type linear conjugated polymers containing different thiophene derivatives with different conjugation lengths. Among them, the D-A polymer photocatalyst constructed from dithienothiophene could significantly broaden the spectral response, with a hydrogen evolution rate up to 12.15 mmol h-1 g-1. The results showed that the increase in the number of fused rings on thiophene building blocks was beneficial to the photocatalytic hydrogen production of cyanostyrylphene-based linear polymers. For the unfused dithiophene and terthiophene, the increase in the number of thiophene rings enabled more rotation freedom between the thiophene rings and reduced the intrinsic charge mobility, resulting in lower hydrogen production performance accordingly. This study provides a suitable process for the design of electron donors for D-A polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongnai Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qimin Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiabin Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Mak KK, Shiming Z, Sakirolla R, Balijepalli MK, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Epemolu O, Mohd Z, Pichika MR. Synthesis of New Shogaol Analogues as NRF2 Activators and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Modes of Action and Metabolic Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
6-shogaol is a natural and the most potent bioactive vanilloid in dried Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Many scientific studies have reported the diverse biological activities of 6-shogaol. However, the major drawback of 6-shogaol is its instability at room temperature. We synthesised new shogaol thiophene compounds (STCs) by replacing the pentyl group in the sidechain with thiophene derivatives. The STCs were tested for their nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation ability in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c-7) by determining their NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inducing ability and expression of NRF2-associated antioxidant genes. The anti-inflammatory activity of STCs was determined in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPSEc)-stimulated NR2-proficient and -silenced mouse microglial cells (BV-2) by measuring the inflammatory markers, cytokines, and mediators. The modes of action (interacting with the Kelch domain of KEAP1, covalent bonding with cysteines of KEAP1, and inhibition of GSK-3β enzyme activity) of NRF2 activation by STCs were determined using commercially available kits. The in vitro metabolic stability of the STCs in liver microsomes (humans, rats, and mice) was also investigated. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to identify the binding poses, stability, and molecular interactions of the STCs in the binding pockets of Kelch and BTB domains of KEAP1 and GSK-3β enzyme. The new STCs were synthesised in good yields of > 85%, with a purity of about 95%, using a novel synthesis method by employing a reusable proline-proline dipeptide catalyst. The STCs are more potent than 6-shogaol in activating NRF2 and reducing inflammation. The nature of substituents on thiophene has a profound influence on the bioactivity of the STCs. Phenylthiophene STC (STC5) is the most potent, while thiophenes containing electron-withdrawing groups showed weaker bioactivity. The bioactivity of 6-shogaol is in the micromolar range, whereas STC5 showed bioactivity in the sub micromolar range. The STCs showed anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2-dependent and NRF2-independent mechanisms. The STCs improved NRF2 activity through multiple (KEAP1-independent and -dependent) mechanisms. The STCs showed decreased reactivity with thiols than 6-shogaol and thus may possess fewer side-effects than 6-shogaol. The STCs were more metabolically stable than 6-shogaol.
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Kosmalski T, Hetmann A, Studzińska R, Baumgart S, Kupczyk D, Roszek K. The Oxime Ethers with Heterocyclic, Alicyclic and Aromatic Moiety as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041374. [PMID: 35209155 PMCID: PMC8878717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods of cancer disease treatment. Due to the acquisition of drug resistance and the possibility of cancer recurrence, there is an urgent need to search for new molecules that would be more effective in destroying cancer cells. In this study, 1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one oxime and 26 oxime ethers containing heterocyclic, alicyclic or aromatic moiety were screened for their cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cell line. The most promising derivatives with potential antitumor activity were 2-(cyclohexylideneaminoxy)acetic acid (18) and (E)-acetophenone O-2-morpholinoethyl oxime (22), which reduced the viability of HeLa cells below 20% of control at concentrations of 100-250 μg/mL. Some oxime ethers, namely thiazole and benzothiophene derivatives (24-27), also reduced HeLa cell viability at similar concentrations but with lower efficiency. Further cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed the specific toxicity of (E)-acetophenone O-2-morpholinoethyl oxime (22) against A-549, Caco-2, and HeLa cancer cells, with an EC50 around 7 μg/mL (30 μM). The most potent and specific compound was (E)-1-(benzothiophene-2-yl)ethanone O-4-methoxybenzyl oxime (27), which was selective for Caco-2 (with EC50 116 μg/mL) and HeLa (with EC50 28 μg/mL) cells. Considering the bioavailability parameters, the tested derivatives meet the criteria for good absorption and permeation. The presented results allow us to conclude that oxime ethers deserve more scientific attention and further research on their chemotherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kosmalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna Hetmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Szymon Baumgart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.H.); (K.R.)
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Abstract
The microwave spectrum of 2-acetyl-3-methylthiophene (2A3MT) was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 26.5 GHz using a molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer and could be fully assigned to the anti-conformer of the molecule, while the syn-conformer was not observable. Torsional splittings of all rotational transitions in quintets due to internal rotations of the acetyl methyl and the ring methyl groups were resolved and analyzed, yielding barriers to internal rotation of 306.184(46) cm-1 and 321.813(64) cm-1 , respectively. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were determined with high accuracy, and the experimental values are compared to those derived from quantum chemical calculations. The experimentally determined inertial defect supports the conclusion that anti-2A3MT is planar, even though a number of MP2 calculations predicted the contrary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dindić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, 94010, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
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Kavaliauskas P, Grybaite B, Mickevicius V, Petraitiene R, Grigaleviciute R, Planciuniene R, Gialanella P, Pockevicius A, Petraitis V. Synthesis, ADMET Properties, and In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of 5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde N-((E)-(5-Nitrothienyl)methylidene)hydrazone (KTU-286) against Staphylococcus aureus with Defined Resistance Mechanisms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E612. [PMID: 32957471 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. New therapeutic options are needed to fight the increasing antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus in the clinical setting. We, therefore, characterized the in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET) and in vitro antimicrobial activity of 5-nitro-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde N-((E)-(5-nitrothienyl)methylidene)hydrazone (KTU-286) against drug-resistant S. aureus strains with genetically defined resistance mechanisms. The antimicrobial activity of KTU-286 was determined by CLSI recommendations. The ADMET properties were estimated by using in silico modeling. The activity on biofilm integrity was examined by crystal violet assay. KTU-286 demonstrated low estimated toxicity and low skin permeability. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed among pan-susceptible (Pan-S) S. aureus (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5–2.0 µg/mL, IC50 = 0.460 µg/mL), followed by vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) (MIC 4.0 µg/mL, IC50 = 1.697 µg/mL) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC 1.0–16.0 µg/mL, IC50 = 2.282 µg/mL). KTU-286 resulted in significant (p < 0.05) loss of S. aureus biofilm integrity in vitro. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of safety, synergistic relationship, and therapeutic potency of KTU-286.
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Cai G, Wang S, Zhao L, Sun Y, Yang D, Lee RJ, Zhao M, Zhang H, Zhou Y. Thiophene Derivatives as Anticancer Agents and Their Delivery to Tumor Cells Using Albumin Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:E192. [PMID: 30621360 PMCID: PMC6337126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of thiophene derivatives (TPs) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines by MTT assay. TP 5 was identified as a potential anticancer agent based on its ability to inhibit tumor cell growth. Drawbacks of TPs, including poor solubility and high toxicity, were overcome through delivery using self-assembling HSA nanoparticles (NPs). The optimum conditions for TP 5-NPs synthesis obtained by adjusting the temperature and concentration of TP 5. The NPs had an encapsulation efficiency of 99.59% and drug-loading capacity of 3.70%. TP 5 was slowly released from TP 5-NPs in vitro over 120 h. HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines were employed to study cytotoxicity of TP 5-NPs, which exhibited high potency. ROS levels were elevated and mitochondrial membrane potentials reversed when the two cell lines were treated with TP 5-NPs for 12 h. Cellular uptake of fluorescence-labeled TP 5-NPs in vitro was analyzed by flow cytometry and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Fluorescence intensity increased over time, suggesting that TP 5-NPs were efficiently taken up by tumor cells. In conclusion, TP 5-NPs showed great promise as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Simiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yating Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Robert J Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Menghui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yulin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Szukalski A, Ayadi A, Haupa K, El-Ghayoury A, Sahraoui B, Mysliwiec J. All-Optical Switching and Two-States Light-Controlled Coherent-Incoherent Random Lasing in a Thiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor System. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1605-1616. [PMID: 29601133 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein the synthesis and characterization of a thiophene-based donor-acceptor system, namely (E)-2-(4-nitrostyryl)-5-phenylthiophene (Th-pNO2 ), which was prepared under Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons conditions. The UV/Vis absorption bands, including the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band, were fully assigned using DFT and TD-DFT computations. The results of both efficient third-order nonlinear optical properties and light-amplification phenomena are presented. Investigations of photoinduced birefringence (PIB) in optical Kerr effect (OKE) experiments showed a great potential for this particular compound as an efficient, fully reversible, and fast optical switch. Time constants for the observed trans-cis-trans molecular transitions are in the range of microseconds and give a competitive experimental result for the well-known and exploited azobenzene derivatives. Random lasing (RL) investigations confirmed that this organic system is potentially useful to achieve strong light enhancement, observed as a multimode lasing action. Both RL and OKE measurements indicate that this material is a representative of thiophene derivatives, which can be utilized to fabricate fast all-optical switches or random lasers (light amplifiers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szukalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-320, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Awatef Ayadi
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, UMR 6200, CNRS, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l'état solide, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4, BP: 802, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karolina Haupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung
| | - Abdelkrim El-Ghayoury
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, UMR 6200, CNRS, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, UMR 6200, CNRS, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslaw Mysliwiec
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-320, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sagar BK, Yathirajan HS, Rathore RS, Glidewell C. Synthesis and structures of six closely related N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]arylamides, together with an isolated reaction intermediate: order versus disorder, molecular conformations and hydrogen bonding in zero, one and two dimensions. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:203-211. [PMID: 29400336 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Six closely related N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]arylamides have been synthesized and structurally characterized, together with a representative reaction intermediate. In each of N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]benzamide, C20H16ClNO2S, (I), N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]-4-phenylbenzamide, C26H20ClNO2S, (II), and 2-bromo-N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]benzamide, C20H15BrClNO2S, (III), the molecules are disordered over two sets of atomic sites, with occupancies of 0.894 (8) and 0.106 (8) in (I), 0.832 (5) and 0.168 (5) in (II), and 0.7006 (12) and 0.2994 (12) in (III). In each of N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]-2-iodobenzamide, C20H15ClINO2S, (IV), and N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]-2-methoxybenzamide, C21H18ClNO3S, (V), the molecules are fully ordered, but in N-[3-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-5-ethylthiophen-2-yl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide, C20H14ClF2NO2S, (VI), which crystallizes with Z' = 2 in the space group C2/c, one of the two independent molecules is fully ordered, while the other is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.916 (3) and 0.084 (3). All of the molecules in compounds (I)-(VI) exhibit an intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond. The molecules of (I) and (VI) are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds to form finite zero-dimensional dimers, which are cyclic in (I) and acyclic in (VI), those of (III) are linked by C-H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds to form simple chains, and those of (IV) and (V) are linked into different types of chains of rings, built in each case from a combination of C-H...O and C-H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. Two C-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules of (II) into sheets containing three types of ring. In benzotriazol-1-yl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate, C15H13N3O4, (VII), the benzoate component is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 84.51 (6)° with the benzotriazole unit. Comparisons are made with related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belakavadi K Sagar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Hemmige S Yathirajan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Ravindranath S Rathore
- Centre for Biological Sciences (Bioinformatics), School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Patna 800 014, India
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Kong L, Wang M, Ju X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xie Y. The Availability of Neutral Cyan, Green, Blue and Purple Colors from Simple D⁻A Type Polymers with Commercially Available Thiophene Derivatives as the Donor Units. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E656. [PMID: 30965958 PMCID: PMC6418635 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the Stille coupling reaction was used to prepare four donor⁻acceptor⁻donor (D⁻A⁻D) type monomers. For this purpose, 2,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) quinoxaline was used as the acceptor unit, and thiophene derivatives (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, or EDOT; 3-methoxythiophene, or MOTh; 3-methylthiophene, or MTh; and thiophene, or Th) were used as the donor units. The monomers were polymerized to the corresponding polymers by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) or potentiostatic method. The band gaps and the adsorption profiles of the polymers were finely tuned with the incorporation of the different thiophene units. All four polymers have low band gaps, and switched between the colored neutral states and the highly transmissive oxidized state. We were successfully able to obtain the valuable neutral colors of cyan, green, blue, and violet for the polymers employing EDOT, MOTh, MTh, and Th as the donor unit, respectively. Furthermore, electrochromic kinetic investigations showed that all four polymers displayed excellent optical contrasts (ΔT%), fast switching times, high coloration efficiencies, and robust stabilities, indicating that these four polymers are probably promising choices for developing electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
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Li S, Liu G, Ju X, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Four Novel Electrochromic Materials Employing Nitrotriphenylamine Unit as the Acceptor and Different Thiophene Derivatives as the Donor. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E173. [PMID: 30970853 PMCID: PMC6432490 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, four novel donor⁻acceptor systems, 4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin -5-yl)-N-(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline (NETPA), 4- (4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-(4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline (NMOTPA), 4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl) aniline (NMTPA) and 4-nitro-N,N-bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)aniline (NTTPA), were successfully synthesized by Stille coupling reaction and electropolymerized to obtain highly stable conducting polymers, PNETPA, PNMOTPA, PNMTPA and PNTTPA, respectively. The polymers were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), step profiling and UV⁻Vis⁻NIR spectroscopy. The band gaps (Eg values) were 1.34, 1.59, 2.26, and 2.34 eV, for PNETPA, PNMOTPA, PNMTPA and PNTTPA, respectively. In addition, electrochromic switching showed that all polymers exhibit outstanding optical contrasts, high coloration efficiencies and fast switching speeds in the near-infrared region (NIR). These properties make the polymers suitable materials for electrochromic applications in NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Shandong Key laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555, China.
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Zhang C, Liu BY, Zeng KW, Guo XY, Jiang Y, Tu PF. New sesquiterpene and thiophene derivatives from Artemisia rupestris. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2015; 17:1129-36. [PMID: 26651523 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpene, rupestrisin A (1), and three new thiophene derivatives, rupestrienes A-C (2-4), were isolated from Artemisia rupestris. Their structures were determined by analyses of MS and NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by calculated ECD spectra using time-dependent density functional theory. In in vitro bioassays, compounds 1-4 showed inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated NO production in BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values of 24.3, 20.3, 8.5, and 5.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bing-Yu Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yong Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
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Guimarães GP, de Freitas Araújo Reis MY, da Silva DTC, Junior FJBM, Converti A, Pessoa A, de Lima Damasceno BPG, da Silva JA. Antifungal activity of topical microemulsion containing a thiophene derivative. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:545-50. [PMID: 25242940 PMCID: PMC4166281 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have become a major problem of worldwide concern. Yeasts belonging to the Candida genus and the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans are responsible for different clinical manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal therapies are currently based on a few chemotherapeutic agents that have problems related to effectiveness and resistance profiles. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent systems of oil, water and surfactant that can improve the solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Taking into account the need for more effective and less toxic drugs along with the potential of thiophene derivatives as inhibitors of pathogenic fungi growth, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of a thiophene derivative (5CN05) embedded in a microemulsion (ME). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method using amphotericin B as a control. The formulations tested (ME- blank and ME-5CN05) showed physico-chemical properties that would allow their use by the topical route. 5CN05 as such exhibited moderate or weak antifungal activity against Candida species (MIC = 270–540 μg.mL−1) and good activity against C. neoformans (MIC = 17 μg.mL−1). Candida species were susceptible to ME-5CN05 (70–140 μg.mL−1), but C. neoformans was much more, presenting a MIC value of 2.2 μg.mL−1. The results of this work proved promising for the pharmaceutical industry, because they suggest an alternative therapy against C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovani Pereira Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Mysrayn Yargo de Freitas Araújo Reis
- Departmento de Farmácia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Departmento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Tomaz Casimiro da Silva
- Departmento de Farmácia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Departmento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ; Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual da Paraíba João PessoaPB Brazil Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Attílio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering Pole Genoa University Genova Italy Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering Pole, Genoa University, Genova, Italy
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Departmento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departmento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bolívar Ponciano Goulart de Lima Damasceno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ; Departmento de Farmácia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Departmento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - José Alexsandro da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. ; Departmento de Farmácia Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina GrandePB Brazil Departmento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Bober L, Kawczak P, Baczek T. Pharmacological classification and activity evaluation of furan and thiophene amide derivatives applying semi-empirical ab initio molecular modeling methods. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6665-6678. [PMID: 22837656 PMCID: PMC3397488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological and physicochemical classification of the furan and thiophene amide derivatives by multiple regression analysis and partial least square (PLS) based on semi-empirical ab initio molecular modeling studies and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention data is proposed. Structural parameters obtained from the PCM (Polarizable Continuum Model) method and the literature values of biological activity (antiproliferative for the A431 cells) expressed as LD(50) of the examined furan and thiophene derivatives was used to search for relationships. It was tested how variable molecular modeling conditions considered together, with or without HPLC retention data, allow evaluation of the structural recognition of furan and thiophene derivatives with respect to their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Bober
- POLPHARMA SA Pharmaceutical Works, Starogard Gdanski 83-200, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Piotr Kawczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Tomasz Baczek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland; E-Mail:
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Slupsk 76-200, Poland
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