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Abdollahi Boraei SB, Bakhshandeh B, Mohammadzadeh F, Haghighi DM, Mohammadpour Z. Clay-reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29196. [PMID: 38633642 PMCID: PMC11021979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Clay-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites and nanocomposites are one of the newest and most important compounds studied and used in various applications, including the biomedical, automotive industry, water treatment, packaging, fire retarding, and construction. The most important clays used in the synthesis of these composites are Bentonite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, and Illite. The addition of these nanoclays to the PVC matrix improves mechanical properties, thermal stability, and yellowness index properties. In this chapter, a detailed study of PVC and its properties, types of nanoclays and their properties, modification of nanoclays, production methods of composites, and nanocomposites of PVC/clay, their characterization, and applications have been performed. Herein, the types, properties, and applications of PVC/clay nanocomposites, as well as their challenges and future remarks, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorrin Mohtadi Haghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadpour
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
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Klempová S, Oravec M, Vizárová K. Analysis of thermally and UV-Vis aged plasticized PVC using UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122541. [PMID: 36878136 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The stability of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-P) stored under indoor conditions, despite it being in commercial use for more than 80 years, hasn't been sufficiently experimentally examined, as documented in available works on PVC-P stability. With the increasing number of actively deteriorating priceless modern and contemporary artworks made of PVC-P, there is a growing need for studies dealing with the analysis of changing characteristics of PVC-P during its aging under indoor conditions. This work addresses these issues by designing PVC-P formulations, drawing on the available information on technology of PVC production and PVC compounding from the last century, and analyzing the changes in the characteristic properties of model samples made from the designed PVC-P formulations exposed to accelerated UV-Vis and thermal aging using UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The results of our study further expand the knowledge regarding the stability of PVC-P and the benefits of using non-destructive, non-invasive spectroscopic methods of analysis for monitoring changes in PVC-P characteristic properties induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Klempová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Oravec
- Slovak National Gallery, Riečna 1, 815 13 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Vizárová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Luo D, Tang B, Yuan H, Zhang C, Zhou X. Bean Dreg-Hydrocalumite Composite as a Highly Efficient Thermal Stabilizer for Poly(vinyl chloride). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18870-18875. [PMID: 35694515 PMCID: PMC9178616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bean dreg (BD)-hydrocalumite composites were prepared by a hydrothermal method with BD, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and Na2CO3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 physical adsorption-desorption. Their properties as a thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) were tested using a torque rheometer and static thermal aging method. Compared with traditional hydrocalumite, the crystal size of the BD-hydrocalumite composite was relatively small, which made it exhibit good dispersion and better thermal stability for poly(vinyl chloride). In addition, the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of BD-hydrocalumite as a heat stabilizer were also investigated. Under the conditions of n[Ca(OH)2/Al(OH)3/Na2CO3] = 4.4:2:1, a BD dosage of 5%, a crystallization temperature of 90 °C, and 19 h, the prepared BD-hydrocalumite showed the best performance, and the dynamic thermal stability time of poly(vinyl chloride) reached 2149 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Luo
- Department
of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang
University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Bei Tang
- Hunan
Xiongchuang New Material Co., LTD, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Haokun Yuan
- Department
of Preschool Education, Xiangzhong Normal
College for Preschool Education, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang
University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department
of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang
University, Shaoyang 422000, China
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Al‐Mosawi AI. A novel evaluation method for dehydrochlorination of plasticized
Poly(vinyl chloride)
containing heavy metal‐free thermal stabilizing synergistic agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali I. Al‐Mosawi
- Institute of Ceramic and Polymer Engineering University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary
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Kim G, Park S. Chloride Removal of Calcium Aluminate-Layered Double Hydroxide Phases: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2797. [PMID: 33801904 PMCID: PMC7999922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine is a critical element with respect to the use of fossil fuel, recycling of industrial wastes, and water purification. Chlorine could form toxic chemical compounds, corrode pipe systems and boilers, and contaminate surface and ground waters. Calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides are one of the most promising materials to remove chlorides due to the chemisorption mechanism, since the phases have positively charged interlayers. Many studies on the synthesis and the characterization of calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides have been extensively conducted, whereas few studies have been conducted on the chloride removal characteristics of the phases. The state-of-the-art studies on the synthesis methods and the structural characteristics of CaAl-LDH phases, the underlying mechanism on the removal of chlorides, and the potential removal rate and the capacity in the present study were thoroughly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangwon Park
- Center for Carbon Mineralization, Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea;
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Jiang Y, Yang Z, Su Q, Chen L, Wu J, Meng J. Preparation of Magnesium-Aluminum Hydrotalcite by Mechanochemical Method and Its Application as Heat Stabilizer in poly(vinyl chloride). MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225223. [PMID: 33227994 PMCID: PMC7699202 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The traditional methods for preparing magnesium aluminum layered double hydrotalcite (Mg2Al-CO3LDHs) in industry include coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. Both these methods have the disadvantages of high preparation cost and complicated water washing process. Using Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and CO2 as raw materials in this work, the Mg2Al-CO3 LDHs are successfully prepared by mechanochemical method, which solves the shortcomings of traditional preparation method and realizes the conversion and utilization of CO2 resource. The prepared Mg2Al-CO3 LDHs are evaluated as a heat stabilizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The result indicates that, when 2.4 phr Mg2Al-CO3 LDHs, 0.3 phr ZnSt2, and 0.3 phr of zinc acetylacetonate are added to the PVC, the thermal stability time of PVC can reach 190 min, which is better than PVC containing commercial Mg2Al-CO3 LDHs. Meanwhile, its processing performance is basically the same as the PVC containing commercial Mg2Al-CO3 LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhanhong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qingsong Su
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinlei Meng
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.J.); (Q.S.); (L.C.); (J.W.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Chemical Power and Materials, Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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