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Yang Y, Liang Z, Zhang R, Zhou S, Yang H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Yin H, Yu D. Research Advances in Superabsorbent Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38399879 PMCID: PMC10892691 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers are new functional polymeric materials that can absorb and retain liquids thousands of times their masses. This paper reviews the synthesis and modification methods of different superabsorbent polymers, summarizes the processing methods for different forms of superabsorbent polymers, and organizes the applications and research progress of superabsorbent polymers in industrial, agricultural, and biomedical industries. Synthetic polymers like polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinyl alcohol exhibit superior water absorption properties compared to natural polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, and starch, but they also do not degrade easily. Consequently, it is often necessary to modify synthetic polymers or graft superabsorbent functional groups onto natural polymers, and then crosslink them to balance the properties of material. Compared to the widely used superabsorbent nanoparticles, research on superabsorbent fibers and gels is on the rise, and they are particularly notable in biomedical fields like drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Z.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dengguang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; (Z.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
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Zhang W, Liu Q, Xu Y, Mu X, Zhang H, Lei Z. Waste Cabbage-Integrated Nutritional Superabsorbent Polymers for Water Retention and Absorption Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14869-14878. [PMID: 36417886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate soil impoverishment and water shortage in desert areas, as well as to reduce the impact of waste cabbage on the environment and human health, we used waste cabbage as a substrate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylic acid (AA) as polymerization units, and NH4Cl and KNO3 as nutriment to obtain two waste cabbage-superabsorbent polymers (CB-SAPNH4Cl and CB-SAPKNO3) by the one-pot method. The chemical structure, thermal stability, and morphology of the polymers were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, the water retention, water absorption, and salt resistance were compared with the purchased polymers. The results showed that the nutriment was successfully encapsulated inside the polymer, and CB-SAPNH4Cl and CB-SAPKNO3 at 1% nutrient concentration showed excellent water retention properties, salt resistance, and water absorption performance of 1546 and 1131 g/g (distilled water), 306 and 277 g/g (tap water), and 116 and 91 g/g (0.9% NaCl solution). Therefore, they are highly promising materials for the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Xuyang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
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Gago D, Corvo MC, Chagas R, Ferreira LM, Coelhoso I. Protein Adsorption Performance of a Novel Functionalized Cellulose-Based Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235122. [PMID: 36501515 PMCID: PMC9736165 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was synthesized and tested for protein adsorption. The prepared polymer was characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to confirm the functionalization of cellulose. This work shows that protein adsorption onto DCMC is charge dependent. The polymer adsorbs positively charged proteins, cytochrome C and lysozyme, with adsorption capacities of 851 and 571 mg g-1, respectively. In both experiments, the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics by DCMC is well described by the pseudo second-order model, and adsorption equilibrium was reached within 90 min. Moreover, DCMC was successfully reused for five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, without compromising the removal efficiency (98-99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- i3N/Cenimat, Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Chagas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Food4Sustainability—Associação para a Inovação no Alimento Sustentável, Centro Empresarial de Idanha-a-Nova, Zona Industrial, 6060-182 Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Coelhoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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