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Sousa-Silva M, Soares P, Alves J, Vieira D, Casal M, Soares-Silva I. Uncovering Novel Plasma Membrane Carboxylate Transporters in the Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35049991 PMCID: PMC8779868 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii has great potential in the biotechnology industry due to its ability to produce a variety of compounds of interest, including carboxylic acids. In this work, we identified genes encoding carboxylate transporters from this yeast species. The functional characterization of sixteen plasma membrane carboxylate transporters belonging to the AceTr, SHS, TDT, MCT, SSS, and DASS families was performed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The newly identified C. jadinii transporters present specificity for mono-, di-, and tricarboxylates. The transporters CjAto5, CjJen6, CjSlc5, and CjSlc13-1 display the broadest substrate specificity; CjAto2 accepts mono- and dicarboxylates; and CjAto1,3,4, CjJen1-5, CjSlc16, and CjSlc13-2 are specific for monocarboxylic acids. A detailed characterization of these transporters, including phylogenetic reconstruction, 3D structure prediction, and molecular docking analysis is presented here. The properties presented by these transporters make them interesting targets to be explored as organic acid exporters in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Alves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel Vieira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (P.S.); (J.A.); (D.V.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Soares-Silva I, Ribas D, Sousa-Silva M, Azevedo-Silva J, Rendulić T, Casal M. Membrane transporters in the bioproduction of organic acids: state of the art and future perspectives for industrial applications. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5873408. [PMID: 32681640 PMCID: PMC7419537 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic acids such as monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids or even more complex molecules such as sugar acids, have displayed great applicability in the industry as these compounds are used as platform chemicals for polymer, food, agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors. Chemical synthesis of these compounds from petroleum derivatives is currently their major source of production. However, increasing environmental concerns have prompted the production of organic acids by microorganisms. The current trend is the exploitation of industrial biowastes to sustain microbial cell growth and valorize biomass conversion into organic acids. One of the major bottlenecks for the efficient and cost-effective bioproduction is the export of organic acids through the microbial plasma membrane. Membrane transporter proteins are crucial elements for the optimization of substrate import and final product export. Several transporters have been expressed in organic acid-producing species, resulting in increased final product titers in the extracellular medium and higher productivity levels. In this review, the state of the art of plasma membrane transport of organic acids is presented, along with the implications for industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - D Ribas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - M Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - J Azevedo-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - T Rendulić
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - M Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
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Xi Y, Zhan T, Xu H, Chen J, Bi C, Fan F, Zhang X. Characterization of JEN family carboxylate transporters from the acid-tolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii and their applications in succinic acid production. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1130-1147. [PMID: 33629807 PMCID: PMC8085920 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii is renowned for its ability to survive at low pH and has been exploited for the industrial production of various organic acids, especially succinic acid (SA). However, P. kudriavzevii can also utilize the di- and tricarboxylate intermediates of the Krebs cycle as the sole carbon sources for cell growth, which may adversely affect the extracellular accumulation of SA. Because the carboxylic acid transport machinery of P. kudriavzevii remains poorly understood, here, we focused on studying its SA transportation process from the perspective of mining and characterization of dicarboxylate transporters in a newly isolated acid-tolerant P. kudriavzevii strain CY902. Through genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis, two JEN family carboxylate transporters (PkJEN2-1 and PkJEN2-2) were found to be involved in SA transport. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that both PkJEN proteins are active dicarboxylate transporters, that can effectively import succinate, fumarate and L-malate into the cell. In addition, PkJEN2-1 can transport α-ketoglutarate, while PkJEN2-2 cannot. Since PkJEN2-1 shows higher transcript abundance than PkJEN2-2, its role in dicarboxylate transport is more important than PkJEN2-2. In addition, PKJEN2-2 is also responsible for the uptake of citrate. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to show that a JEN2 subfamily transporter is involved in tricarboxylate transport in yeast. A combination of model-based structure analysis and rational mutagenesis further proved that amino acid residues 392-403 of the tenth transmembrane span (TMS-X) of PkJEN2-2 play an important role in determining the specificity of the tricarboxylate substrate. Moreover, these two PkJEN transporters only exhibited inward transport activity for SA, and simultaneous inactivation of both PkJEN transporters reduced the SA influx, resulting in enhanced extracellular accumulation of SA in the late stage of fermentation. This work provides useful information on the mechanism of di-/tricarboxylic acid utilization in P. kudriavzevii, which will help improve the organic acid production performance of this microbial chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Zhan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjinChina
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjinChina
| | - Jing Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Changhao Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjinChina
| | - Feiyu Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjinChina
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences32 West 7th Ave, Tianjin Airport Economic ParkTianjin300308China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjinChina
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjinChina
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Sousa-Silva M, Vieira D, Soares P, Casal M, Soares-Silva I. Expanding the Knowledge on the Skillful Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33435379 PMCID: PMC7827542 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyberlindnera jadinii is widely used as a source of single-cell protein and is known for its ability to synthesize a great variety of valuable compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its capacity to produce compounds such as food additives, supplements, and organic acids, among other fine chemicals, has turned it into an attractive microorganism in the biotechnology field. In this review, we performed a robust phylogenetic analysis using the core proteome of C. jadinii and other fungal species, from Asco- to Basidiomycota, to elucidate the evolutionary roots of this species. In addition, we report the evolution of this species nomenclature over-time and the existence of a teleomorph (C. jadinii) and anamorph state (Candida utilis) and summarize the current nomenclature of most common strains. Finally, we highlight relevant traits of its physiology, the solute membrane transporters so far characterized, as well as the molecular tools currently available for its genomic manipulation. The emerging applications of this yeast reinforce its potential in the white biotechnology sector. Nonetheless, it is necessary to expand the knowledge on its metabolism, regulatory networks, and transport mechanisms, as well as to develop more robust genetic manipulation systems and synthetic biology tools to promote the full exploitation of C. jadinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sousa-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel Vieira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.-S.); (D.V.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Savory FR, Milner DS, Miles DC, Richards TA. Ancestral Function and Diversification of a Horizontally Acquired Oomycete Carboxylic Acid Transporter. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:1887-1900. [PMID: 29701800 PMCID: PMC6063262 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can equip organisms with novel genes, expanding the repertoire of genetic material available for evolutionary innovation and allowing recipient lineages to colonize new environments. However, few studies have characterized the functions of HGT genes experimentally or examined postacquisition functional divergence. Here, we report the use of ancestral sequence reconstruction and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to examine the evolutionary history of an oomycete transporter gene family that was horizontally acquired from fungi. We demonstrate that the inferred ancestral oomycete HGT transporter proteins and their extant descendants transport dicarboxylic acids which are intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The substrate specificity profile of the most ancestral protein has largely been retained throughout the radiation of oomycetes, including in both plant and animal pathogens and in a free-living saprotroph, indicating that the ancestral HGT transporter function has been maintained by selection across a range of different lifestyles. No evidence of neofunctionalization in terms of substrate specificity was detected for different HGT transporter paralogues which have different patterns of temporal expression. However, a striking expansion of substrate range was observed for one plant pathogenic oomycete, with a HGT derived paralogue from Pythium aphanidermatum encoding a protein that enables tricarboxylic acid uptake in addition to dicarboxylic acid uptake. This demonstrates that HGT acquisitions can provide functional additions to the recipient proteome as well as the foundation material for the evolution of expanded protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R Savory
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David S Milner
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Miles
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Richards
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Niedźwiecka K, Ribas D, Casal M, Ułaszewski S. The Cryptococcus neoformans monocarboxylate transporter Jen4 is responsible for increased 3-bromopyruvate sensitivity. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5435460. [PMID: 30993332 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) has been intensively studied as a promising anticancer and antimicrobial agent. The transport of this drug inside the cell is a critical step for its toxicity in cancer and microorganisms. The Cryptococcus neoformans is the most sensitive species of microorganisms toward 3BP. Its cells exhibit the highest uptake rate of 3BP among all tested fungal strains. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the Jen1 transporter was found to be responsible for 3BP sensitivity. The deletion of Jen1 resulted in the abolishment of 3BP mediated transport. We functionally characterized the Jen4 protein, a Jen1 homologue of C. neoformans, and its role in the phenotypic 3BP sensitivity. The deletion of the CNAG_04704 gene, which encodes Jen4, was found to impair the mediated transport of 3BP and decrease 3BP sensitivity. Further heterologous expression of Jen4 in the S. cerevisiae jen1Δ ady2Δ strain restored the mediated transport of 3BP. The application of a green fluorescent protein fusion tag with the CNAG_04704, revealed the Jen4 labeled on the plasma membrane. The identification of 3BP transporters in pathogen cells is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms of 3BP action and to anticipate the application of this compound as an antimicrobial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niedźwiecka
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David Ribas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Stanisław Ułaszewski
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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Ribas D, Soares-Silva I, Vieira D, Sousa-Silva M, Sá-Pessoa J, Azevedo-Silva J, Viegas SC, Arraiano CM, Diallinas G, Paiva S, Soares P, Casal M. The acetate uptake transporter family motif “NPAPLGL(M/S)” is essential for substrate uptake. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 122:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Guo H, Huang T, Zhao J, Chen H, Chen G. Fungi short-chain carboxylate transporter: shift from microbe hereditary functional component to metabolic engineering target. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4653-4662. [PMID: 29679102 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain carboxylic acids and their derivatives are widely utilized in all aspects of our daily life. Given their specific functional groups, these molecules are also utilized in fine chemical synthesis. The traditional petroleum-based carboxylate production methods are restricted by petrol shortage and environmental pollution. Renowned for their more sustainable processes than traditional methods, biotechnological methods are preferred alternatives and have attracted increasing attention. However, the industrial application of biotechnological methods is currently limited by low factors: low productivity and low yield. Therefore, understanding the regulation of carboxylate accumulation will greatly enhance the industrial biotechnological production of short-chain carboxylate acids. The carboxylate transporter plays a crucial role in transmembrane uptake and secretion of carboxylate; therefore, regulating these transporters is of high academic and application relevance. This review concentrates on the physiological roles, regulation mechanisms, and harnessing strategies of Jen and AcpA orthologs in fungi, which provide potential clues for the biotechnological production of short-chain carboxylic acids with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, National Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Amoy, 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Tianqiu Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, National Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Amoy, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, National Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Amoy, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Hongwen Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, National Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Amoy, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Biochemical Technology, National Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Amoy, 361021, Fujian, China
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Casal M, Queirós O, Talaia G, Ribas D, Paiva S. Carboxylic Acids Plasma Membrane Transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:229-251. [PMID: 26721276 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the functionally characterized plasma membrane carboxylic acids transporters Jen1, Ady2, Fps1 and Pdr12 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, addressing also their homologues in other microorganisms, as filamentous fungi and bacteria. Carboxylic acids can either be transported into the cells, to be used as nutrients, or extruded in response to acid stress conditions. The secondary active transporters Jen1 and Ady2 can mediate the uptake of the anionic form of these substrates by a H(+)-symport mechanism. The undissociated form of carboxylic acids is lipid-soluble, crossing the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. Furthermore, acetic acid can also be transported by facilitated diffusion via Fps1 channel. At the cytoplasmic physiological pH, the anionic form of the acid prevails and it can be exported by the Pdr12 pump. This review will highlight the mechanisms involving carboxylic acids transporters, and the way they operate according to the yeast cell response to environmental changes, as carbon source availability, extracellular pH and acid stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Casal
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Odília Queirós
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Talaia
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - David Ribas
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Paiva
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Guo H, Liu P, Madzak C, Du G, Zhou J, Chen J. Identification and application of keto acids transporters in Yarrowia lipolytica. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8138. [PMID: 25633653 PMCID: PMC4311248 DOI: 10.1038/srep08138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of organic acids by microorganisms is of great importance for obtaining building-block chemicals from sustainable biomass. Extracellular accumulation of organic acids involved a series of transporters, which play important roles in the accumulation of specific organic acid while lack of systematic demonstration in eukaryotic microorganisms. To circumvent accumulation of by-product, efforts have being orchestrated to carboxylate transport mechanism for potential clue in Yarrowia lipolytica WSH-Z06. Six endogenous putative transporter genes, YALI0B19470g, YALI0C15488g, YALI0C21406g, YALI0D24607g, YALI0D20108g and YALI0E32901g, were identified. Transport characteristics and substrate specificities were further investigated using a carboxylate-transport-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. These transporters were expressed in Y. lipolytica WSH-Z06 to assess their roles in regulating extracellular keto acids accumulation. In a Y. lipolytica T1 line over expressing YALI0B19470g, α-ketoglutarate accumulated to 46.7 g·L−1, whereas the concentration of pyruvate decreased to 12.3 g·L−1. Systematic identification of these keto acids transporters would provide clues to further improve the accumulation of specific organic acids with higher efficiency in eukaryotic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- 1] School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peiran Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Catherine Madzak
- UMR1238 Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, INRA/CNRS/AgroPan's Tech, CBAI, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Guocheng Du
- 1] School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- 1] School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1] School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Dulermo R, Gamboa-Meléndez H, Michely S, Thevenieau F, Neuvéglise C, Nicaud JM. The evolution of Jen3 proteins and their role in dicarboxylic acid transport in Yarrowia. Microbiologyopen 2014; 4:100-20. [PMID: 25515252 PMCID: PMC4335979 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jen proteins in yeast are involved in the uptake of mono/dicarboxylic acids. The Jen1 subfamily transports lactate and pyruvate, while the Jen2 subfamily transports fumarate, malate, and succinate. Yarrowia lipolytica has six JEN genes: YALI0B19470g, YALI0C15488g, YALI0C21406g, YALI0D20108g, YALI0D24607g, and YALI0E32901g. Through phylogenetic analyses, we found that these genes represent a new subfamily, Jen3 and that these three Jen subfamilies derivate from three putative ancestral genes. Reverse transcription-PCR. revealed that only four YLJEN genes are expressed and they are upregulated in the presence of lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, and/or succinate, suggesting that they are able to transport these substrates. Analysis of deletion mutant strains revealed that Jen3 subfamily proteins transport fumarate, malate, and succinate. We found evidence that YALI0C15488 encodes the main transporter because its deletion was sufficient to strongly reduce or suppress growth in media containing fumarate, malate, or succinate. It appears that the other YLJEN genes play a minor role, with the exception of YALI0E32901g, which is important for malate uptake. However, the overexpression of each YLJEN gene in the sextuple-deletion mutant strain ΔYLjen1-6 revealed that all six genes are functional and have evolved to transport different substrates with varying degrees of efficacy. In addition, we found that YALI0E32901p transported succinate more efficiently in the presence of lactate or fumarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Dulermo
- UMR1319 Micalis, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78352, France
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Rodicio R, Heinisch JJ. Yeast on the milky way: genetics, physiology and biotechnology of Kluyveromyces lactis. Yeast 2013; 30:165-77. [PMID: 23576126 DOI: 10.1002/yea.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has a life cycle similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and can be employed as a model eukaryote using classical genetics, such as the combination of desired traits, by crossing and tetrad analysis. Likewise, a growing set of vectors, marker cassettes and tags for fluorescence microscopy are available for manipulation by genetic engineering and investigating its basic cell biology. We here summarize these applications, as well as the current knowledge regarding its central metabolism, glucose and extracellular stress signalling pathways. A short overview on the biotechnological potential of K. lactis concludes this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaura Rodicio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Skory CD, Hector RE, Gorsich SW, Rich JO. Analysis of a functional lactate permease in the fungus Rhizopus. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vieira N, Casal M, Johansson B, MacCallum DM, Brown AJP, Paiva S. Functional specialization and differential regulation of short-chain carboxylic acid transporters in the pathogen Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 2009; 75:1337-54. [PMID: 19968788 PMCID: PMC2859246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major fungal pathogen Candida albicans has the metabolic flexibility to assimilate a wide range of nutrients in its human host. Previous studies have suggested that C. albicans can encounter glucose-poor microenvironments during infection and that the ability to use alternative non-fermentable carbon sources contributes to its virulence. JEN1 encodes a monocarboxylate transporter in C. albicans and we show that its paralogue, JEN2, encodes a novel dicarboxylate plasma membrane transporter, subjected to glucose repression. A strain deleted in both genes lost the ability to transport lactic, malic and succinic acids by a mediated mechanism and it displayed a growth defect on these substrates. Although no significant morphogenetic or virulence defects were found in the double mutant strain, both JEN1 and JEN2 were strongly induced during infection. Jen1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and Jen2-GFP were upregulated following the phagocytosis of C. albicans cells by neutrophils and macrophages, displaying similar behaviour to an Icl1-GFP fusion. In the murine model of systemic candidiasis approximately 20-25% of C. albicans cells infecting the kidney expressed Jen1-GFP and Jen2-GFP. Our data suggest that Jen1 and Jen2 are expressed in glucose-poor niches within the host, and that these short-chain carboxylic acid transporters may be important in the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Department of Biology, Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Casal M, Paiva S, Queirós O, Soares-Silva I. Transport of carboxylic acids in yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:974-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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