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Petkevicius K, Wenning L, Kildegaard KR, Sinkwitz C, Smedegaard R, Holkenbrink C, Borodina I. Biosynthesis of insect sex pheromone precursors via engineered β-oxidation in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:foac041. [PMID: 35948277 PMCID: PMC9435373 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating disruption with insect sex pheromones is an attractive and environmentally friendly technique for pest management. Several Lepidoptera sex pheromones have been produced in yeast, where biosynthesis could be accomplished by the expression of fatty acyl-CoA desaturases and fatty acyl-CoA reductases. In this study, we aimed to develop yeast Yarrowia lipolytica cell factories for producing Lepidoptera pheromones which biosynthesis additionally requires β-oxidation, such as (Z)-7-dodecenol (Z7-12:OH), (Z)-9-dodecenol (Z9-12:OH), and (Z)-7-tetradecenol (Z7-14:OH). We expressed fatty acyl-CoA desaturases from Drosophila melanogaster (Dmd9) or Lobesia botrana (Lbo_PPTQ) and fatty acyl-CoA reductase from Helicoverpa armigera (HarFAR) in combinations with 11 peroxisomal oxidases of different origins. Yeast cultivations were performed with supplementation of methyl myristate (14:Me). The oxidase Lbo_31670 from L. botrana provided the highest titers of (Z)-7-dodecenoate, (Z)-9-dodecenoate, and (Z)-7-tetradecenoate. However, no chain-shortened fatty alcohols were produced. The mutation of fatty acid synthase (Fas2pI1220F) to increase myristate production did not lead to targeted fatty alcohol production. The problem was solved by directing the reductase into peroxisomes, where the strain with Dmd9 produced 0.10 ± 0.02 mg/l of Z7-12:OH and 0.48 ± 0.03 mg/l of Z7-14:OH, while the strain with Lbo_PPTQ produced 0.21 ± 0.03 mg/l of Z9-12:OH and 0.40 ± 0.07 mg/l of Z7-14:OH. In summary, the engineering of β-oxidation in Y. lipolytica allowed expanding the portfolio of microbially produced insect sex pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolis Petkevicius
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioPhero ApS, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 4th, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Leonie Wenning
- BioPhero ApS, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 4th, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rune Smedegaard
- BioPhero ApS, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 4th, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioPhero ApS, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 4th, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Ibrahim ZH, Bae JH, Sung BH, Kim MJ, Rashid AHA, Sohn JH. Characterization of Acyl-CoA Oxidases from the Lipolytic Yeast Candida aaseri SH14. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:949-954. [PMID: 35719087 PMCID: PMC9628930 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic yeast Candida aaseri SH14 contains three Acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOXs) which are encoded by the CaAOX2, CaAOX4, and CaAOX5 genes and catalyze the first reaction in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Here, the respective functions of the three CaAOX isozymes were studied by growth analysis of mutant strains constructed by a combination of three CaAOX mutations in minimal medium containing fatty acid as the sole carbon source. Substrate specificity of the CaAOX isozymes was analyzed using recombinant C. aaseri SH14 strains overexpressing the respective genes. CaAOX2 isozyme showed substrate specificity toward short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12), while CaAOX5 isozyme preferred long-chain fatty acid longer than C12. CaAOX4 isozyme revealed a preference for a broad substrate spectrum from C6-C16. Although the substrate specificity of CaAOX2 and CaAOX5 covers medium- and long-chain fatty acids, these two isozymes were insufficient for complete β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and therefore CaAOX4 was indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zool Hilmi Ibrahim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-860-4458 Fax:+82-42-879-8499 E-mail:
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Shiraku ML, Magwanga RO, Cai X, Kirungu JN, Xu Y, Mehari TG, Hou Y, Wang Y, Agong SG, Peng R, Wang K, Zhou Z, Liu F. Functional Characterization of GhACX3 Gene Reveals Its Significant Role in Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658755. [PMID: 34447398 PMCID: PMC8382881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (ACX3) gene involved in the β-oxidation pathway plays a critical role in plant growth and development as well as stress response. Earlier on, studies focused primarily on the role of β-oxidation limited to fatty acid breakdown. However, ACX3 peroxisomal β-oxidation pathways result in a downstream cascade of events that act as a transduction of biochemical and physiological responses to stress. A role that is yet to be studied extensively. In this study, we identified 20, 18, 22, 23, 20, 11, and 9 proteins in Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum, G. darwinii, G. arboretum, and G. raimondii genomes, respectively. The tetraploid cotton genome had protein ranging between 18 and 22, while diploids had between 9 and 11. After analyzing the gene family evolution or selection pressure, we found that this gene family undergoes purely segmental duplication both in diploids and tetraploids. W-Box (WRKY-binding site), ABRE, CAAT-Box, TATA-box, MYB, MBS, LTR, TGACG, and CGTCA-motif are abiotic stress cis-regulatory elements identified in this gene family. All these are the binding sites for abiotic stress transcription factors, indicating that this gene is essential. Genes found in G. hirsutum showed a clear response to drought and salinity stress, with higher expression under drought and salt stress, particularly in the leaf and root, according to expression analysis. We selected Gh_DO1GO186, one of the highly expressed genes, for functional characterization. We functionally characterized the GhACX3 gene through overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Overexpression of this gene enhanced tolerance under stress, which was exhibited by the germination assay. The overexpressed seed growth rate was faster relative to control under drought and salt stress conditions. The survival rate was also higher in overexpressed plants relative to control plants under stress. In contrast, the silencing of the GhACX3 gene in cotton plants resulted in plants showing the stress susceptibility phenotype and reduced root length compared to control. Biochemical analysis also demonstrated that GhACX3-silenced plants experienced oxidative stress while the overexpressed plants did not. This study has revealed the importance of the ACX3 family during stress tolerance and can breed stress-resilient cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L. Shiraku
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- School of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), Main Campus, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Teame Gereziher Mehari
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Stephen Gaya Agong
- School of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), Main Campus, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Renhai Peng
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongli Zhou,
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Fang Liu,
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Identification and Characterization of Aspergillus nidulans Mutants Impaired in Asexual Development under Phosphate Stress. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121520. [PMID: 31779253 PMCID: PMC6952808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BrlA plays a central role in the production of asexual spores (conidia) in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. BrlA levels are controlled by signal transducers known collectively as UDAs. Furthermore, it governs the expression of CDP regulators, which control most of the morphological transitions leading to the production of conidia. In response to the emergence of fungal cells in the air, the main stimulus triggering conidiation, UDA mutants such as the flbB deletant fail to induce brlA expression. Nevertheless, ΔflbB colonies conidiate profusely when they are cultured on a medium containing high H2PO4− concentrations, suggesting that the need for FlbB activity is bypassed. We used this phenotypic trait and an UV-mutagenesis procedure to isolate ΔflbB mutants unable to conidiate under these stress conditions. Transformation of mutant FLIP166 with a wild-type genomic library led to the identification of the putative transcription factor SocA as a multicopy suppressor of the FLIP (Fluffy, aconidial, In Phosphate) phenotype. Deregulation of socA altered both growth and developmental patterns. Sequencing of the FLIP166 genome enabled the identification and characterization of PmtCP282L as the recessive mutant form responsible for the FLIP phenotype. Overall, results validate this strategy for identifying genes/mutations related to the control of conidiation.
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Tang L, Yu X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Chen L, Zou S, Liang Y, Yu J, Dong H. Mitochondrial FgEch1 is responsible for conidiation and full virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 66:361-371. [PMID: 31463774 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enoyl-CoA hydratase (Ech) is an important and well-recognized enzyme that functions in the degradation of fatty acids by β-oxidation. However, its functions in plant pathogenic fungi are not well known. We characterized an Ech1 orthologue, FgEch1, in Fusarium graminearum. The FgEch1 deletion mutant was defective in the utilization of short-chain fatty acids and conidiation, but not in hyphal growth on glucose-rich media or in perithecium formation. The FgEch1 deletion mutant showed reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) production and virulence in plants. Deletion of FgEch1 also led to increased production of lipid droplets and autophagy. FgEch1, which was localized in the mitochondrion, required the MTS domain for mitochondrial localization and function in F. graminearum. Taken together, these data indicate that mitochondrial FgEch1 is important for conidiation, DON production, and plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Martins I, Hartmann DO, Alves PC, Martins C, Garcia H, Leclercq CC, Ferreira R, He J, Renaut J, Becker JD, Silva Pereira C. Elucidating how the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans uses the plant polyester suberin as carbon source. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:613. [PMID: 25043916 PMCID: PMC4117967 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid polymers in plant cell walls, such as cutin and suberin, build recalcitrant hydrophobic protective barriers. Their degradation is of foremost importance for both plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. Regardless of numerous reports on fungal degradation of emulsified fatty acids or cutin, and on fungi-plant interactions, the pathways involved in the degradation and utilisation of suberin remain largely overlooked. As a structural component of the plant cell wall, suberin isolation, in general, uses harsh depolymerisation methods that destroy its macromolecular structure. We recently overcame this limitation isolating suberin macromolecules in a near-native state. RESULTS Suberin macromolecules were used here to analyse the pathways involved in suberin degradation and utilisation by Aspergillus nidulans. Whole-genome profiling data revealed the complex degrading enzymatic machinery used by this saprophytic fungus. Initial suberin modification involved ester hydrolysis and ω-hydroxy fatty acid oxidation that released long chain fatty acids. These fatty acids were processed through peroxisomal β-oxidation, leading to up-regulation of genes encoding the major enzymes of these pathways (e.g. faaB and aoxA). The obtained transcriptome data was further complemented by secretome, microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Data support that during fungal growth on suberin, cutinase 1 and some lipases (e.g. AN8046) acted as the major suberin degrading enzymes (regulated by FarA and possibly by some unknown regulatory elements). Suberin also induced the onset of sexual development and the boost of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martins
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diego O Hartmann
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula C Alves
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Celso Martins
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- />Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helga Garcia
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Céline C Leclercq
- />Proteomics Platform, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rui Ferreira
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ji He
- />Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, (previously, the Scientific Computing department, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, USA, 8717 Grovemont Circle, 20877 Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - Jenny Renaut
- />Proteomics Platform, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jörg D Becker
- />Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- />Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- />Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Veiga T, Gombert AK, Landes N, Verhoeven MD, Kiel JA, Krikken AM, Nijland JG, Touw H, Luttik MA, van der Toorn JC, Driessen AJ, Bovenberg RA, van den Berg MA, van der Klei IJ, Pronk JT, Daran JM. Metabolic engineering of β-oxidation in Penicillium chrysogenum for improved semi-synthetic cephalosporin biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2012; 14:437-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation pathways influence the virulence of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1042-54. [PMID: 22707485 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00128-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the connections between metabolism and elaboration of virulence factors during host colonization by the human-pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is important for developing antifungal therapies. Lipids are abundant in host tissues, and fungal pathogens in the phylum basidiomycota possess both peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation pathways to utilize this potential carbon source. In addition, lipids are important signaling molecules in both fungi and mammals. In this report, we demonstrate that defects in the peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation pathways influence the growth of C. neoformans on fatty acids as well as the virulence of the fungus in a mouse inhalation model of cryptococcosis. Disease attenuation may be due to the cumulative influence of altered carbon source acquisition or processing, interference with secretion, changes in cell wall integrity, and an observed defect in capsule production for the peroxisomal mutant. Altered capsule elaboration in the context of a β-oxidation defect was unexpected but is particularly important because this trait is a major virulence factor for C. neoformans. Additionally, analysis of mutants in the peroxisomal pathway revealed a growth-promoting activity for C. neoformans, and subsequent work identified oleic acid and biotin as candidates for such factors. Overall, this study reveals that β-oxidation influences virulence in C. neoformans by multiple mechanisms that likely include contributions to carbon source acquisition and virulence factor elaboration.
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Bourdais A, Bidard F, Zickler D, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Silar P, Espagne E. Wood utilization is dependent on catalase activities in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29820. [PMID: 22558065 PMCID: PMC3338752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalases are enzymes that play critical roles in protecting cells against the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. They are implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions but some of their functions remain unclear. In order to decipher the role(s) of catalases during the life cycle of Podospora anserina, we analyzed the role of the four monofunctional catalases and one bifunctional catalase-peroxidase genes present in its genome. The five genes were deleted and the phenotypes of each single and all multiple mutants were investigated. Intriguingly, although the genes are differently expressed during the life cycle, catalase activity is dispensable during both vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in laboratory conditions. Catalases are also not essential for cellulose or fatty acid assimilation. In contrast, they are strictly required for efficient utilization of more complex biomass like wood shavings by allowing growth in the presence of lignin. The secreted CATB and cytosolic CAT2 are the major catalases implicated in peroxide resistance, while CAT2 is the major player during complex biomass assimilation. Our results suggest that P. anserina produces external H2O2 to assimilate complex biomass and that catalases are necessary to protect the cells during this process. In addition, the phenotypes of strains lacking only one catalase gene suggest that a decrease of catalase activity improves the capacity of the fungus to degrade complex biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bourdais
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6061, Rennes, France
- UEB Université Rennes 1, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Frederique Bidard
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Denise Zickler
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Veronique Berteaux-Lecellier
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE, BP 1013, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Philippe Silar
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences du Vivant, Paris, France
| | - Eric Espagne
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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Islinger M, Grille S, Fahimi HD, Schrader M. The peroxisome: an update on mysteries. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:547-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Fission and proliferation of peroxisomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:1343-57. [PMID: 22240198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are remarkably dynamic, multifunctional organelles, which react to physiological changes in their cellular environment and adopt their morphology, number, enzyme content and metabolic functions accordingly. At the organelle level, the key molecular machinery controlling peroxisomal membrane elongation and remodeling as well as membrane fission is becoming increasingly established and defined. Key players in peroxisome division are conserved in animals, plants and fungi, and key fission components are shared with mitochondria. However, the physiological stimuli and corresponding signal transduction pathways regulating and modulating peroxisome maintenance and proliferation are, despite a few exceptions, largely unexplored. There is emerging evidence that peroxisomal dynamics and proper regulation of peroxisome number and morphology are crucial for the physiology of the cell, as well as for the pathology of the organism. Here, we discuss several key aspects of peroxisomal fission and proliferation and highlight their association with certain diseases. We address signaling and transcriptional events resulting in peroxisome proliferation, and focus on novel findings concerning the key division components and their interplay. Finally, we present an updated model of peroxisomal growth and division. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Health and Disease.
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Magliano P, Flipphi M, Arpat BA, Delessert S, Poirier Y. Contributions of the peroxisome and β-oxidation cycle to biotin synthesis in fungi. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42133-42140. [PMID: 21998305 PMCID: PMC3234907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the synthesis of the bicyclic rings of D-biotin is mediated by 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (AON) synthase, which catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of l-alanine and pimelate thioester. We found that the Aspergillus nidulans AON synthase, encoded by the bioF gene, is a peroxisomal enzyme with a type 1 peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS1). Localization of AON to the peroxisome was essential for biotin synthesis because expression of a cytosolic AON variant or deletion of pexE, encoding the PTS1 receptor, rendered A. nidulans a biotin auxotroph. AON synthases with PTS1 are found throughout the fungal kingdom, in ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and members of basal fungal lineages but not in representatives of the Saccharomyces species complex, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A. nidulans mutants defective in the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase AoxA or the multifunctional protein FoxA showed a strong decrease in colonial growth rate in biotin-deficient medium, whereas partial growth recovery occurred with pimelic acid supplementation. These results indicate that pimeloyl-CoA is the in vivo substrate of AON synthase and that it is generated in the peroxisome via the β-oxidation cycle in A. nidulans and probably in a broad range of fungi. However, the β-oxidation cycle is not essential for biotin synthesis in S. cerevisiae or Escherichia coli. These results suggest that alternative pathways for synthesis of the pimelate intermediate exist in bacteria and eukaryotes and that Saccharomyces species use a pathway different from that used by the majority of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Magliano
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bulak A Arpat
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Syndie Delessert
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Reiser K, Davis MA, Hynes MJ. Aspergillus nidulans contains six possible fatty acyl-CoA synthetases with FaaB being the major synthetase for fatty acid degradation. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:373-82. [PMID: 20354844 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans can use a variety of fatty acids as sole carbon and energy sources via its peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathways. Prior to channelling the fatty acids into beta-oxidation, they need to be activated to their acyl-CoA derivates. Analysis of the genome sequence identified a number of possible fatty acyl-CoA synthetases (FatA, FatB, FatC, FatD, FaaA and FaaB). FaaB was found to be the major long-chain synthetase for fatty acid degradation. FaaB was shown to localise to the peroxisomes, and the corresponding gene was induced in the presence of short and long chain fatty acids. Deletion of the faaB gene leads to a reduced/abolished growth on a variety of fatty acids. However, at least one additional fatty acyl-CoA synthetase with a preference for short chain fatty acids and a potential mitochondrial candidate (AN4659.3) has been identified via genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Reiser
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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