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Sui JSY, Martin P, Keogh A, Murchan P, Ryan L, Nicholson S, Cuffe S, Broin PÓ, Finn SP, Fitzmaurice GJ, Ryan R, Young V, Gray SG. Altered expression of ACOX2 in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35999530 PMCID: PMC9396774 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles that play essential roles in many metabolic processes, but also play roles in innate immunity, signal transduction, aging and cancer. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is the processing of very-long chain fatty acids into metabolites that can be directed to the mitochondria. One key family of enzymes in this process are the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOX1, ACOX2 and ACOX3), the expression of which has been shown to be dysregulated in some cancers. Very little is however known about the expression of this family of oxidases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ACOX2 has however been suggested to be elevated at the mRNA level in over 10% of NSCLC, and in the present study using both standard and bioinformatics approaches we show that expression of ACOX2 is significantly altered in NSCLC. ACOX2 mRNA expression is linked to a number of mutated genes, and associations between ACOX2 expression and tumour mutational burden and immune cell infiltration were explored. Links between ACOX2 expression and candidate therapies for oncogenic driver mutations such as KRAS were also identified. Furthermore, levels of acyl-CoA oxidases and other associated peroxisomal genes were explored to identify further links between the peroxisomal pathway and NSCLC. The results of this biomarker driven study suggest that ACOX2 may have potential clinical utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of patients into various therapeutically targetable options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Y Sui
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Petra Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Midland Regional Hospital Tullamore, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Anna Keogh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland
| | - Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard J Fitzmaurice
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Ryan
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Young
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, D08RX0X, Ireland. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Biological Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Ibrahim ZH, Bae JH, Sung BH, Kim MJ, Rashid AHA, Sohn JH. Characterization of Acyl-CoA Oxidases from the Lipolytic Yeast Candida aaseri SH14. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:949-954. [PMID: 35719087 PMCID: PMC9628930 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic yeast Candida aaseri SH14 contains three Acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOXs) which are encoded by the CaAOX2, CaAOX4, and CaAOX5 genes and catalyze the first reaction in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Here, the respective functions of the three CaAOX isozymes were studied by growth analysis of mutant strains constructed by a combination of three CaAOX mutations in minimal medium containing fatty acid as the sole carbon source. Substrate specificity of the CaAOX isozymes was analyzed using recombinant C. aaseri SH14 strains overexpressing the respective genes. CaAOX2 isozyme showed substrate specificity toward short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12), while CaAOX5 isozyme preferred long-chain fatty acid longer than C12. CaAOX4 isozyme revealed a preference for a broad substrate spectrum from C6-C16. Although the substrate specificity of CaAOX2 and CaAOX5 covers medium- and long-chain fatty acids, these two isozymes were insufficient for complete β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and therefore CaAOX4 was indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zool Hilmi Ibrahim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Hazri Ab Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, No.1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri, Section2, 40700, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-860-4458 Fax:+82-42-879-8499 E-mail:
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3
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Sonani RR, Blat A, Dubin G. Crystal structures of apo- and FAD-bound human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase provide mechanistic basis explaining clinical observations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:203-210. [PMID: 35149097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1a (ACOX1a) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation, the conversion of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. The dysfunction of human ACOX1a (hACOX1a) leads to deterioration of the nervous system manifesting in myeloneuropathy, hypotonia and convulsions. Crystal structures of hACOX1a in apo- and cofactor (FAD)-bound forms were solved at 2.00 and 2.09 Å resolution, respectively. hACOX1a exists as a homo-dimer with solvation free energy gain (ΔGo) of -44.7 kcal mol-1. Two FAD molecules bind at the interface of protein monomers completing the active sites. The substrate binding cleft of hACOX1a is wider compared to mitochondrial very-long chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Mutations (p.G178C, p.M278V and p.N237S) reported to cause dysfunctionality of hACOX1a are analyzed on its 3D-structure to understand structure-function related perturbations and explain the associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R Sonani
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Blat
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Romero-Puertas MC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Pazmiño DM, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Terrón-Camero L, Bautista R, Gómez-Cadenas A, Claros MG, León J, Sandalio LM. Insights into ROS-dependent signalling underlying transcriptomic plant responses to the herbicide 2,4-D. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:572-590. [PMID: 34800292 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) functions as an agronomic weed control herbicide. High concentrations of 2,4-D induce plant growth defects, particularly leaf epinasty and stem curvature. Although the 2,4-D triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, little is known about its signalling. In this study, by using a null mutant in peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase 1 (acx1-2), we identified acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACX1) as one of the main sources of ROS production and, in part, also causing the epinastic phenotype following 2,4-D application. Transcriptomic analyses of wild type (WT) plants after treatment with 2,4-D revealed a ROS-related peroxisomal footprint in early plant responses, while other organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are involved in later responses. Interestingly, a group of 2,4-D-responsive ACX1-dependent transcripts previously associated with epinasty is related to auxin biosynthesis, metabolism, and signalling. We found that the auxin receptor auxin signalling F-box 3 (AFB3), a component of Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (SCF) (ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediates auxin/indole acetic acid (AUX/IAA) degradation by the 26S proteasome, acts downstream of ACX1 and is involved in the epinastic phenotype induced by 2,4-D. We also found that protein degradation associated with ubiquitin E3-RING and E3-SCF-FBOX in ACX1-dependent signalling in plant responses to 2,4-D is significantly regulated over longer treatment periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Diana M Pazmiño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Ciencias, Univ. de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Univ. Valencia), CPI Edificio 8E, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Ding BJ, Xia YH, Wang HL, Andersson F, Hedenström E, Gross J, Löfstedt C. Biosynthesis of the Sex Pheromone Component (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl Acetate in the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana, Involving ∆11 Desaturation and an Elusive ∆7 Desaturase. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:248-264. [PMID: 33779878 PMCID: PMC8019676 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, uses (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate as its major sex pheromone component. Through in vivo labeling experiments we demonstrated that the doubly unsaturated pheromone component is produced by ∆11 desaturation of tetradecanoic acid, followed by chain shortening of (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid to (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid, and subsequently introduction of the second double bond by an unknown ∆7 desaturase, before final reduction and acetylation. By sequencing and analyzing the transcriptome of female pheromone glands of L. botrana, we obtained 41 candidate genes that may be involved in sex pheromone production, including the genes encoding 17 fatty acyl desaturases, 13 fatty acyl reductases, 1 fatty acid synthase, 3 acyl-CoA oxidases, 1 acetyl-CoA carboxylase, 4 fatty acid transport proteins and 2 acyl-CoA binding proteins. A functional assay of desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase gene candidates in yeast and insect cell (Sf9) heterologous expression systems revealed that Lbo_PPTQ encodes a ∆11 desaturase producing (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid from tetradecanoic acid. Further, Lbo_31670 and Lbo_49602 encode two acyl-CoA oxidases that may produce (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid by chain shortening (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid. The gene encoding the enzyme introducing the E7 double bond into (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid remains elusive even though we assayed 17 candidate desaturases in the two heterologous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jian Ding
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Yi-Han Xia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andersson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedenström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Christer Löfstedt
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Du H, Song Z, Zhang M, Nie Y, Xu Y. The deletion of Schizosaccharomyces pombe decreased the production of flavor-related metabolites during traditional Baijiu fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109872. [PMID: 33648190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota in traditional solid-state fermentation is a complex microbiota that plays a key role in the production of feed, fuel, food and pharmaceutical products. The function of microbiota is an important factor dictating the quantity and quality of products. Core functional species play key metabolic roles in the microbiota, and their disappearance could result in the abnormal fermentation process. In this work, we combined Baijiu production and laboratory experiments to explore the keystone microbes and their metabolites. We found the deletion of core functional microbe resulted in the loss of multiple metabolites involved many alcohols and acids. In the traditional Baijiu production, the absence or appearance of Schizosaccharomyces pombe caused the content divergence in 227 flavor-related metabolites, especially in ethanol, butanol and pentanoic acid between abnormal and normal group (each content > 1 mg/kg and the content ratio of normal/abnormal group > 2). Schi. pombe increased the expression level of related genes involving alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) and trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (TER). Moreover, in the verification experiment of laboratory, the absence or appearance of Schizosaccharomyces pombe C-11 caused the content divergence in 136 flavor-related metabolites, especially in ethanol, butanol and pentanoic acid between Sp- and Sp+ group (each content > 1 mg/kg and the content ratio of Sp+/Sp- group > 2). Our results identified specific member that were essential for the function of fermentation microbiota. This study also suggests species deletions from fermentation microbiota and synthetic consortium could be a useful approach to illustrate relevant microbe-metabolites association and defining metabolic roles in the traditional solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhewei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Bharathi SS, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Muzumdar R, Goetzman ES. Role of mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases in the metabolism of dicarboxylic fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:162-166. [PMID: 32446361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic fatty acids, taken as a nutritional supplement or produced endogenously via omega oxidation of monocarboxylic fatty acids, may have therapeutic potential for rare inborn errors of metabolism as well as common metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Breakdown of dicarboxylic acids yields acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA as products, the latter of which is anaplerotic for the TCA cycle. However, little is known about the metabolic pathways responsible for degradation of dicarboxylic acids. Here, we demonstrated with whole-cell fatty acid oxidation assays that both mitochondria and peroxisomes contribute to dicarboxylic acid degradation. Several mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were tested for activity against dicarboxylyl-CoAs. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) exhibited activity with both six and 12 carbon dicarboxylyl-CoAs, and the capacity for dehydrogenation of these substrates was significantly reduced in MCAD knockout mouse liver. However, when dicarboxylic acids were fed to normal mice, the expression of MCAD did not change, while expression of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes was greatly upregulated. In conclusion, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and in particular MCAD, contributes to dicarboxylic acid degradation, but feeding dicarboxylic acids induces only the peroxisomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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Ju JH, Oh BR, Heo SY, Lee YU, Shon JH, Kim CH, Kim YM, Seo JW, Hong WK. Production of adipic acid by short- and long-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA oxidase engineered in yeast Candida tropicalis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:33-43. [PMID: 31549308 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to produce adipic acid, mutant strains of Candida tropicalis KCTC 7212 deficient of AOX genes encoding acyl-CoA oxidases which are important in the β-oxidation pathway were constructed. Production of adipic acid in the mutants from the most favorable substrate C12 methyl laurate was significantly increased. The highest level of production of adipic acid was obtained in the C. tropicalis ΔAOX4::AOX5 mutant of 339.8 mg L-1 which was about 5.4-fold higher level compared to the parent strain. The C. tropicalis ΔAOX4::AOX5 mutant was subjected to fed-batch fermentation at optimized conditions of agitation rate of 1000 rpm, pH 5.0 and methyl laurate of 3% (w/v), giving the maximum level of adipic acid of 12.1 g L-1 and production rate of 0.1 g L-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Ju
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Uk Lee
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Shon
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Applied Microbial Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Hong
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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Xin Z, Chen S, Ge L, Li X, Sun X. The involvement of a herbivore-induced acyl-CoA oxidase gene, CsACX1, in the synthesis of jasmonic acid and its expression in flower opening in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:132-140. [PMID: 30529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes requires the action of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX; EC 1.3.3.6). Multiple isoforms of ACXs have been identified in various annual herbaceous plants, but the genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants are yet to be fully investigated. In this study, an ACX gene named CsACX1 (GeneBank accession: KX650077.1) was isolated from tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). CsACX1 was predicted to consist of 664 amino acid residues. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CsACX1 can be induced by mechanical wounding, JA application, and infestation by the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua Prout and the tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. To further elucidate the function of CsACX1, it was heterologously expressed in a bacterial system and characterized. Recombinant CsACX1 showed preference for C12 ∼ C16-CoA substrates. The constitutive expression of CsACX1 can rescue wound-related JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis mutant acx1. CsACX1 was expressed in different organs, predominantly in flowers. Notably, CsACX1 transcripts were detected up-regulated during flower opening, and the JA levels were correlated with CsACX1 expression. All these results enrich our knowledge of the regulatory pathway involved in the JA biosynthesis in tea, and helps further understand the defense mechanism of tea plant against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Xin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lingang Ge
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, van Roermund CWT, Preece MA, Koster J, Ebberink MS, Waterham HR, Wanders RJA. A novel case of ACOX2 deficiency leads to recognition of a third human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:952-958. [PMID: 29287774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases catalyze the first step of beta-oxidation of a variety of substrates broken down in the peroxisome. These include the CoA-esters of very long-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids and the C27-bile acid intermediates. In rat, three peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases with different substrate specificities are known, whereas in humans it is believed that only two peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases are expressed under normal circumstances. Only three patients with ACOX2 deficiency, including two siblings, have been identified so far, showing accumulation of the C27-bile acid intermediates. Here, we performed biochemical studies in material from a novel ACOX2-deficient patient with increased levels of C27-bile acids in plasma, a complete loss of ACOX2 protein expression on immunoblot, but normal pristanic acid oxidation activity in fibroblasts. Since pristanoyl-CoA is presumed to be handled by ACOX2 specifically, these findings prompted us to re-investigate the expression of the human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases. We report for the first time expression of ACOX3 in normal human tissues at the mRNA and protein level. Substrate specificity studies were done for ACOX1, 2 and 3 which revealed that ACOX1 is responsible for the oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids with different chain lengths, ACOX2 is the only human acyl-CoA oxidase involved in bile acid biosynthesis, and both ACOX2 and ACOX3 are involved in the degradation of the branched-chain fatty acids. Our studies provide new insights both into ACOX2 deficiency and into the role of the different acyl-CoA oxidases in peroxisomal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Anne Preece
- Department of Newborn Screening and Biochemical Genetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Koster
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel S Ebberink
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Xu N, Chen P, Liu L, Zeng Y, Zhou H, Li S. Effects of combined exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol and dibutyl phthalate on the growth and reproduction of adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 107:61-70. [PMID: 24905698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the combined effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the growth and reproduction of male zebrafish, three-month-old fish were exposed to 0.005 or 0.020µg/L EE2, 100 or 500µg/L DBP or their binary mixtures under semi-static conditions. Investigated parameters include the length, weight, condition factor, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) protein level, histopathological alteration of testis, liver and gill, and reproductive capacity. After 21d exposure, no statistical difference was found among the weights, lengths and condition factors of different treatment groups. In all binary mixture groups, decreased VTG levels were detected compared to EE2-only groups; and the AOX levels were significantly lower than DBP-only treatments while both chemicals can individually induce AOX synthesis. Therefore, EE2 and DBP may act additively on VTG and antagonistically on AOX induction in males. After 45d exposure, delayed gametogenesis was observed for the DBP-only groups, indicated by fewer spermatozoa and more spermatocytes, which was further aggravated with the addition of EE2. The developmental delay of testis partially recovered after a 30d depuration in clean water. Combined exposure also caused liver and gill lesions, which were not alleviated during the 30d depuration, suggesting a nonreversible harmful effect the same as single exposure. Mixed EE2 and DBP were observed to impair the reproductive capability (the fecundity and fertilization rate) of males, while single exposure did not. Co-exposed to 0.020µg/L EE2 and 100µg/L DBP promoted the early hatching of offspring (F1 generation) at 48h post-fertilization (hpf), but the survival rates of the F1 generation were similar in all treatments. Our findings indicate that the effects of mixed EE2 and DBP at environmentally relevant levels can be either antagonistic or additive relying on the specific toxicological endpoints and the respective doses of each chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Chang CJ, Tzeng TF, Liou SS, Chang YS, Liu IM. Regulation of lipid disorders by ethanol extracts from Zingiber zerumbet in high-fat diet-induced rats. Food Chem 2012; 132:460-7. [PMID: 26434316 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperlipidaemic effects of the ethanol extract of Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith (EEZZ). After being fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2weeks, rats were dosed orally with EEZZ (100, 200 or 300mg/kg) or fenofibrate (100mg/kg) once daily for 8weeks. EEZZ (300mg/kg/day) produced effects similar to fenofibrate in reducing body weight gain, visceral fat-pad weights and plasma lipid levels. EEZZ caused reductions in hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol content, and lowered hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and the size of epididymal adipocytes. HFD-induced reductions in the hepatic proteins of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and cytochrome P450 isoform 4A1 (CYP4A1) were reversed by EEZZ. These results suggest that EEZZ reduced the accumulation of visceral fat and improved hyperlipidaemia in HFD-fed rats by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect which is likely to be mediated via up-regulation of hepatic PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Ju Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Thing-Fong Tzeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pao Chien Hospital, Pingtung City, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shorong-Shii Liou
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC.
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