1
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Borghi F, Saiardi A. Evolutionary perspective on mammalian inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) biology. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1947-1956. [PMID: 37844192 PMCID: PMC10657179 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), the polymeric form of phosphate, is attracting ever-growing attention due to the many functions it appears to perform within mammalian cells. This essay does not aim to systematically review the copious mammalian polyP literature. Instead, we examined polyP synthesis and functions in various microorganisms and used an evolutionary perspective to theorise key issues of this field and propose solutions. By highlighting the presence of VTC4 in distinct species of very divergent eucaryote clades (Opisthokonta, Viridiplantae, Discoba, and the SAR), we propose that whilst polyP synthesising machinery was present in the ancestral eukaryote, most lineages subsequently lost it during evolution. The analysis of the bacteria-acquired amoeba PPK1 and its unique polyP physiology suggests that eukaryote cells must have developed mechanisms to limit cytosolic polyP accumulation. We reviewed the literature on polyP in the mitochondria from the perspective of its endosymbiotic origin from bacteria, highlighting how mitochondria could possess a polyP physiology reminiscent of their 'bacterial' beginning that is not yet investigated. Finally, we emphasised the similarities that the anionic polyP shares with the better-understood negatively charged polymers DNA and RNA, postulating that the nucleus offers an ideal environment where polyP physiology might thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipy Borghi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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2
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Devi ND, Mukherjee C, Bhatt G, Rangan L, Goud VV. Co-cultivation of microalgae-cyanobacterium under various nitrogen and phosphorus regimes to concurrently improve biomass, lipid accumulation and easy harvesting. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Muñoz-Villagrán C, Grossolli-Gálvez J, Acevedo-Arbunic J, Valenzuela X, Ferrer A, Díez B, Levicán G. Characterization and genomic analysis of two novel psychrotolerant Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains from polar and subpolar environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960324. [PMID: 36090071 PMCID: PMC9449456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioleaching process is carried out by aerobic acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria that are mainly mesophilic or moderately thermophilic. However, many mining sites are located in areas where the mean temperature is lower than the optimal growth temperature of these microorganisms. In this work, we report the obtaining and characterization of two psychrotolerant bioleaching bacterial strains from low-temperature sites that included an abandoned mine site in Chilean Patagonia (PG05) and an acid rock drainage in Marian Cove, King George Island in Antarctic (MC2.2). The PG05 and MC2.2 strains showed significant iron-oxidation activity and grew optimally at 20°C. Genome sequence analyses showed chromosomes of 2.76 and 2.84 Mbp for PG05 and MC2.2, respectively, and an average nucleotide identity estimation indicated that both strains clustered with the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The Patagonian PG05 strain had a high content of genes coding for tolerance to metals such as lead, zinc, and copper. Concordantly, electron microscopy revealed the intracellular presence of polyphosphate-like granules, likely involved in tolerance to metals and other stress conditions. The Antarctic MC2.2 strain showed a high dosage of genes for mercury resistance and low temperature adaptation. This report of cold-adapted cultures of the At. ferrooxidans species opens novel perspectives to satisfy the current challenges of the metal bioleaching industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonnathan Grossolli-Gálvez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Acevedo-Arbunic
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Valenzuela
- Programa de Biorremediación, Campus Patagonia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alonso Ferrer
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Gloria Levicán,
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4
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Xiao M, Burford MA, Wood SA, Aubriot L, Ibelings BW, Prentice MJ, Galvanese EF, Harris TD, Hamilton DP. Schindler's legacy: from eutrophic lakes to the phosphorus utilization strategies of cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6617595. [PMID: 35749580 PMCID: PMC9629505 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
David Schindler and his colleagues pioneered studies in the 1970s on the role of phosphorus in stimulating cyanobacterial blooms in North American lakes. Our understanding of the nuances of phosphorus utilization by cyanobacteria has evolved since that time. We review the phosphorus utilization strategies used by cyanobacteria, such as use of organic forms, alternation between passive and active uptake, and luxury storage. While many aspects of physiological responses to phosphorus of cyanobacteria have been measured, our understanding of the critical processes that drive species diversity, adaptation and competition remains limited. We identify persistent critical knowledge gaps, particularly on the adaptation of cyanobacteria to low nutrient concentrations. We propose that traditional discipline-specific studies be adapted and expanded to encompass innovative new methodologies and take advantage of interdisciplinary opportunities among physiologists, molecular biologists, and modellers, to advance our understanding and prediction of toxic cyanobacteria, and ultimately to mitigate the occurrence of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Corresponding author: Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Phytoplankton Physiology and Ecology Group, Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1290, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Prentice
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Elena F Galvanese
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 81531-998, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS, 66047, United States
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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5
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Blocking Polyphosphate Mobilization Inhibits Pho4 Activation and Virulence in the Pathogen Candida albicans. mBio 2022; 13:e0034222. [PMID: 35575514 PMCID: PMC9239153 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00342-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic fungi to obtain essential nutrients from the host is vital for virulence. In Candida albicans, acquisition of the macronutrient phosphate is regulated by the Pho4 transcription factor and is important for both virulence and resistance to host-encountered stresses. All cells store phosphate in the form of polyphosphate (polyP), a ubiquitous polymer comprising tens to hundreds of phosphate residues. Release of phosphate from polyP is one of the first responses evoked in response to phosphate starvation, and here, we sought to explore the importance of polyP mobilization in the pathobiology of C. albicans. We found that two polyphosphatases, Ppn1 and Ppx1, function redundantly to release phosphate from polyP in C. albicans. Strikingly, we reveal that blocking polyP mobilization prevents the activation of the Pho4 transcription factor: following Pi starvation, Pho4 fails to accumulate in the nucleus and induce Pi acquisition genes in ppn1Δ ppx1Δ cells. Consequently, ppn1Δ ppx1Δ cells display impaired resistance to the same range of stresses that require Pho4 for survival. In addition, cells lacking both polyphosphatases are exquisitely sensitive to DNA replication stress, indicating that polyP mobilization is needed to support the phosphate-demanding process of DNA replication. Blocking polyP mobilization also results in significant morphological defects, as ppn1Δ ppx1Δ cells form large pseudohypha-like cells that are resistant to serum-induced hypha formation. Thus, polyP mobilization impacts key processes important for the pathobiology of C. albicans, and consistent with this, we found that blocking this process attenuates the virulence of this important human fungal pathogen.
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Samper-Martín B, Sarrias A, Lázaro B, Pérez-Montero M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Ribeiro MPC, Bañón A, Wolfgeher D, Jessen HJ, Alsina B, Clotet J, Kron SJ, Saiardi A, Jiménez J, Bru S. Polyphosphate degradation by Nudt3-Zn 2+ mediates oxidative stress response. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110004. [PMID: 34788624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a polymer of hundreds of phosphate residues present in all organisms. In mammals, polyP is involved in crucial physiological processes, including coagulation, inflammation, and stress response. However, after decades of research, the metabolic enzymes are still unknown. Here, we purify and identify Nudt3, a NUDIX family member, as the enzyme responsible for polyP phosphatase activity in mammalian cells. We show that Nudt3 shifts its substrate specificity depending on the cation; specifically, Nudt3 is active on polyP when Zn2+ is present. Nudt3 has in vivo polyP phosphatase activity in human cells, and importantly, we show that cells with altered polyP levels by modifying Nudt3 protein amount present reduced viability upon oxidative stress and increased DNA damage, suggesting that polyP and Nudt3 play a role in oxidative stress protection. Finally, we show that Nudt3 is involved in the early stages of embryo development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Samper-Martín
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sarrias
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Lázaro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Bañón
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Don Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Berta Alsina
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Javier Jiménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Samuel Bru
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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7
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Xu R, Wang Y, Huang H, Jin X, Li J, Du G, Kang Z. Closed-Loop System Driven by ADP Phosphorylation from Pyrophosphate Affords Equimolar Transformation of ATP to 3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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8
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The PPIP5K Family Member Asp1 Controls Inorganic Polyphosphate Metabolism in S. pombe. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080626. [PMID: 34436165 PMCID: PMC8397176 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) which is ubiquitously present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, consists of up to hundreds of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. The biological role of this polymer is manifold and diverse and in fungi ranges from cell cycle control, phosphate homeostasis and virulence to post-translational protein modification. Control of polyP metabolism has been studied extensively in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this yeast, a specific class of inositol pyrophosphates (IPPs), named IP7, made by the IP6K family member Kcs1 regulate polyP synthesis by associating with the SPX domains of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex. To assess if this type of regulation was evolutionarily conserved, we determined the elements regulating polyP generation in the distantly related fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, the VTC machinery is also essential for polyP generation. However, and in contrast to S. cerevisiae, a different IPP class generated by the bifunctional PPIP5K family member Asp1 control polyP metabolism. The analysis of Asp1 variant S. pombe strains revealed that cellular polyP levels directly correlate with Asp1-made IP8 levels, demonstrating a dose-dependent regulation. Thus, while the mechanism of polyP synthesis in yeasts is conserved, the IPP player regulating polyP metabolism is diverse.
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9
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Kulakovskaya TV, Andreeva NA, Ledova LA, Ryazanova LP, Trilisenko LV, Eldarov MA. Enzymes of Polyphosphate Metabolism in Yeast: Properties, Functions, Practical Significance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S96-S108. [PMID: 33827402 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are the linear polymers of orthophosphoric acid varying in the number of phosphate residues linked by the energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. PolyP is an essential component in living cells. Knowledge of polyP metabolizing enzymes in eukaryotes is necessary for understanding molecular mechanisms of polyP metabolism in humans and development of new approaches for treating bone and cardiovascular diseases associated with impaired mineral phosphorus metabolism. Yeast cells represent a rational experimental model for this research due to availability of the methods for studying phosphorus metabolism and construction of knockout mutants and strains overexpressing target proteins. Multicomponent system of polyP metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells is presented in this review discussing properties, functioning, and practical significance of the enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of this important metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Research Center for Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Andreeva
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Research Center for Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Larisa A Ledova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Research Center for Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Lubov P Ryazanova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Research Center for Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Trilisenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Research Center for Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Michail A Eldarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Scientific Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
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10
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Rosigkeit H, Kneißle L, Obruča S, Jendrossek D. The Multiple Roles of Polyphosphate in Ralstonia eutropha and Other Bacteria. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:163-177. [PMID: 34015783 DOI: 10.1159/000515741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An astonishing variety of functions has been attributed to polyphosphate (polyP) in prokaryotes. Besides being a reservoir of phosphorus, functions in exopolysaccharide formation, motility, virulence and in surviving various forms of stresses such as exposure to heat, extreme pH, oxidative agents, high osmolarity, heavy metals and others have been ascribed to polyP. In this contribution, we will provide a historical overview on polyP, will then describe the key proteins of polyP synthesis, the polyP kinases, before we will critically assess of the underlying data on the multiple functions of polyP and provide evidence that - with the exception of a P-storage-function - most other functions of polyP are not relevant for survival of Ralstonia eutropha, a biotechnologically important beta-proteobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rosigkeit
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lea Kneißle
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stanislav Obruča
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Ryazanova LP, Ledova LA, Andreeva NA, Zvonarev AN, Eldarov MA, Kulakovskaya TV. Inorganic Polyphosphate and Physiological Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Overexpressing Ppn2. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:516-522. [PMID: 32569559 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the yeast endopolyphosphatase Ppn2 overproduction on the metabolism of inorganic polyphosphates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was studied. Expression of the PPN2 gene under control of the strong constitutive promoter of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (PKG1) led to a significant increase in the endopolyphosphatase activity stimulated by cobalt/zinc ions. This activity was present in both soluble and membrane subcellular fractions; it was higher toward long-chain polyphosphates and could be stimulated by ADP. The content of short-chain polyphosphates in the cells of the overexpressing strain was ~2.5 times higher compared to the parent strain. The cells overexpressing Ppn2 were more resistant to peroxide and alkali. The role of short-chain polyphosphates in the adaptation to these stress factors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Ryazanova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - L A Ledova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - N A Andreeva
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - A N Zvonarev
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - M A Eldarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - T V Kulakovskaya
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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12
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Sanz-Luque E, Saroussi S, Huang W, Akkawi N, Grossman AR. Metabolic control of acclimation to nutrient deprivation dependent on polyphosphate synthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eabb5351. [PMID: 32998900 PMCID: PMC7556998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate, an energy-rich polymer conserved in all kingdoms of life, is integral to many cellular stress responses, including nutrient deprivation, and yet, the mechanisms that underlie its biological roles are not well understood. In this work, we elucidate the physiological function of this polymer in the acclimation of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to nutrient deprivation. Our data reveal that polyphosphate synthesis is vital to control cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate homeostasis and maintain both respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport upon sulfur deprivation. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that electron flow in the energy-generating organelles is essential to induce and sustain acclimation to sulfur deprivation at the transcriptional level. These previously unidentified links among polyphosphate synthesis, photosynthetic and respiratory electron flow, and the acclimation of cells to nutrient deprivation could unveil the mechanism by which polyphosphate helps organisms cope with a myriad of stress conditions in a fluctuating environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - S Saroussi
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - N Akkawi
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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13
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Sanz-Luque E, Bhaya D, Grossman AR. Polyphosphate: A Multifunctional Metabolite in Cyanobacteria and Algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:938. [PMID: 32670331 PMCID: PMC7332688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of orthophosphate (PO4 3-) of varying lengths, has been identified in all kingdoms of life. It can serve as a source of chemical bond energy (phosphoanhydride bond) that may have been used by biological systems prior to the evolution of ATP. Intracellular polyP is mainly stored as granules in specific vacuoles called acidocalcisomes, and its synthesis and accumulation appear to impact a myriad of cellular functions. It serves as a reservoir for inorganic PO4 3- and an energy source for fueling cellular metabolism, participates in maintaining adenylate and metal cation homeostasis, functions as a scaffold for sequestering cations, exhibits chaperone function, covalently binds to proteins to modify their activity, and enables normal acclimation of cells to stress conditions. PolyP also appears to have a role in symbiotic and parasitic associations, and in higher eukaryotes, low polyP levels seem to impact cancerous proliferation, apoptosis, procoagulant and proinflammatory responses and cause defects in TOR signaling. In this review, we discuss the metabolism, storage, and function of polyP in photosynthetic microbes, which mostly includes research on green algae and cyanobacteria. We focus on factors that impact polyP synthesis, specific enzymes required for its synthesis and degradation, sequestration of polyP in acidocalcisomes, its role in cellular energetics, acclimation processes, and metal homeostasis, and then transition to its potential applications for bioremediation and medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Devaki Bhaya
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Arthur R. Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
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Interactions between DksA and Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factors Control Inorganic Polyphosphate Accumulation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00133-20. [PMID: 32341074 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00133-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria synthesize inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in response to a variety of different stress conditions. polyP protects bacteria by acting as a protein-stabilizing chaperone, metal chelator, or regulator of protein function, among other mechanisms. However, little is known about how stress signals are transmitted in the cell to lead to increased polyP accumulation. Previous work in the model enterobacterium Escherichia coli has indicated that the RNA polymerase-binding regulatory protein DksA is required for polyP synthesis in response to nutrient limitation stress. In this work, I set out to characterize the role of DksA in polyP regulation in more detail. I found that overexpression of DksA increases cellular polyP content (explaining the long-mysterious phenotype of dksA overexpression rescuing growth of a dnaK mutant at high temperatures) and characterized the roles of known functional residues of DksA in this process, finding that binding to RNA polymerase is required but that none of the other functions of DksA appear to be necessary. Transcriptomics revealed genome-wide transcriptional changes upon nutrient limitation, many of which were affected by DksA, and follow-up experiments identified complex interactions between DksA and the stress-sensing alternative sigma factors FliA, RpoN, and RpoE that impact polyP production, indicating that regulation of polyP synthesis is deeply entwined in the multifactorial stress response network of E. coli IMPORTANCE Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionarily ancient, widely conserved biopolymer required for stress resistance and pathogenesis in diverse bacteria, but we do not understand how its synthesis is regulated. In this work, I gained new insights into this process by characterizing the role of the transcriptional regulator DksA in polyP regulation in Escherichia coli and identifying previously unknown links between polyP synthesis and the stress-responsive alternative sigma factors FliA, RpoN, and RpoE.
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15
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Barcytė D, Pilátová J, Mojzeš P, Nedbalová L. The Arctic Cylindrocystis (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) Green Algae are Genetically and Morphologically Diverse and Exhibit Effective Accumulation of Polyphosphate. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:217-232. [PMID: 31610035 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The green algal genus Cylindrocystis is widespread in various types of environments, including extreme habitats. However, very little is known about its diversity, especially in polar regions. In the present study, we isolated seven new Cylindrocystis-like strains from terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Svalbard (High Arctic). We aimed to compare the new isolates on a molecular (rbcL and 18S rDNA), morphological (light and confocal laser scanning microscopy), and cytological (Raman microscopy) basis. Our results demonstrated that the Arctic Cylindrocystis were not of a monophyletic origin and that the studied strains clustered within two clades (tentatively named the soil and freshwater/glacier clades) and four separate lineages. Morphological data (cell size, shape, and chloroplast morphology) supported the presence of several distinct taxa among the new isolates. Moreover, the results showed that the Arctic Cylindrocystis strains were closely related to strains originating from the temperate zone, indicating high ecological versatility and successful long-distance dispersal of the genus. Large amounts of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) grains were detected within the chloroplasts of the cultured Arctic Cylindrocystis strains, suggesting effective luxury uptake of phosphorus. Additionally, various intracellular structures were identified using Raman microscopy and cytochemical and fluorescent staining. This study represents the first attempt to combine molecular, morphological, ecological, and biogeographical data for Arctic Cylindrocystis. Our novel cytological observations partially explain the success of Cylindrocystis-like microalgae in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Barcytė
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pilátová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague 2, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 2, CZ-121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
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16
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Hughes EAB, Robinson TE, Bassett DB, Cox SC, Grover LM. Critical and diverse roles of phosphates in human bone formation. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7460-7470. [PMID: 31729501 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans utilise biomineralisation in the formation of bone and teeth. Human biomineralisation processes are defined by the transformation of an amorphous phosphate-based precursor to highly organised nanocrystals. Interestingly, ionic phosphate species not only provide a fundamental building block of biological mineral, but rather exhibit several diverse roles in mediating mineral formation in the physiological milieu. In this review, we focus on elucidating the complex roles of phosphate ions and molecules within human biomineralisation pathways, primarily referring to the nucleation and crystallisation of bone mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A B Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. and NIHR Surgical Rec and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas E Robinson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David B Bassett
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. and Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Andreeva N, Ledova L, Ryazanova L, Tomashevsky A, Kulakovskaya T, Eldarov M. Ppn2 endopolyphosphatase overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Comparison with Ppn1, Ppx1, and Ddp1 polyphosphatases. Biochimie 2019; 163:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Kulakovskaya T, Zvonarev A, Laurinavichius K, Khokhlova G, Vainshtein M. Effect of Fe on inorganic polyphosphate level in autotrophic and heterotrophic cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1307-1312. [PMID: 31273403 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate is involved in metal homeostasis in microorganisms. The aim of the study was to reveal differences in polyphosphate metabolism of Rhodospirillum rubrum under autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation in the presence of Fe (2.3 mg Fe3+ L-1) and without Fe (traces). Heterotrophic conditions without Fe resulted in cell lysis and low biomass yield. High polyphosphate content and low exopolyphosphatase activity were observed in the cells cultivated autotrophically in the presence of Fe. The cells grown heterotrophically in the presence of Fe contained more phosphate and low-molecular polyphosphate; on the contrary, the content of the high molecular polyphosphate decreased in parallel with the increase in exopolyphosphatase activity. The possible involvement of Pi and polyphosphate to the formation of Fe-containing inclusions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kulakovskaya
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - Anton Zvonarev
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Kestutis Laurinavichius
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Galina Khokhlova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Mikhail Vainshtein
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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19
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Trilisenko L, Zvonarev A, Valiakhmetov A, Penin AA, Eliseeva IA, Ostroumov V, Kulakovskiy IV, Kulakovskaya T. The Reduced Level of Inorganic Polyphosphate Mobilizes Antioxidant and Manganese-Resistance Systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050461. [PMID: 31096715 PMCID: PMC6562782 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is crucial for adaptive reactions and stress response in microorganisms. A convenient model to study the role of polyP in yeast is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CRN/PPN1 that overexpresses polyphosphatase Ppn1 with stably decreased polyphosphate level. In this study, we combined the whole-transcriptome sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, and polyP quantification to characterize the CRN/PPN1 response to manganese and oxidative stresses. CRN/PPN1 exhibits enhanced resistance to manganese and peroxide due to its pre-adaptive state observed in normal conditions. The pre-adaptive state is characterized by up-regulated genes involved in response to an external stimulus, plasma membrane organization, and oxidation/reduction. The transcriptome-wide data allowed the identification of particular genes crucial for overcoming the manganese excess. The key gene responsible for manganese resistance is PHO84 encoding a low-affinity manganese transporter: Strong PHO84 down-regulation in CRN/PPN1 increases manganese resistance by reduced manganese uptake. On the contrary, PHM7, the top up-regulated gene in CRN/PPN1, is also strongly up-regulated in the manganese-adapted parent strain. Phm7 is an unannotated protein, but manganese adaptation is significantly impaired in Δphm7, thus suggesting its essential function in manganese or phosphate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Trilisenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Anton Zvonarev
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Airat Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19 bld .1, Moscow 127051, Russia.
| | - Irina A Eliseeva
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 4, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Ostroumov
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Kulakovskiy
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina 3, Moscow GSP-1 119991, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow GSP-1 119991, Russia.
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS-the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vitkevicha 1, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
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20
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Andreeva N, Ledova L, Ryasanova L, Kulakovskaya T, Eldarov M. The acid phosphatase Pho5 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not involved in polyphosphate breakdown. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:867-873. [PMID: 30937822 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate is involved in architecture and functioning of yeast cell wall. The strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutively overexpressing acid phosphatase Pho5 was constructed for studying the Pho5 properties and its possible participation in polyphosphate metabolism. The parent strain was transformed by the vector carrying the PHO5 gene under a strong constitutive promoter of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of S. cerevisiae. The culture liquid and biomass of transformant strain contained approximately equal total acid phosphatase activity. The levels of acid phosphatase activity associated with the cell wall and culture liquid increased in the transformant strain compared to the parent strain ~ 10- and 20-fold, respectively. The Pho5 preparation (specific activity of 46 U/mg protein and yield of 95 U/L) was obtained from culture liquid of overproducing strain. The overproducing strain had no changes in polyphosphate level. The activity of Pho5 with long-chained polyP was negligible. We concluded that Pho5 is not involved in polyphosphate metabolism. Purified Pho5 showed a similar activity with p-nitrophenylphosphate, ATP, ADP, glycerophosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate. The substrate specificity of Pho5 and its extracellular localization suggest its function: the hydrolysis of organic compounds with phosphoester bonds at phosphate limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeshda Andreeva
- FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Larisa Ledova
- FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Lubov Ryasanova
- FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kulakovskaya
- FRC Pushchino Center for Biological Research, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Michail Eldarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 33-2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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21
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Bonartsev AP, Voinova VV, Bonartseva GA. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Human Microbiota (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Devine KM. Activation of the PhoPR-Mediated Response to Phosphate Limitation Is Regulated by Wall Teichoic Acid Metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2678. [PMID: 30459743 PMCID: PMC6232261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous is essential for cell viability. To ensure an adequate supply under phosphate limiting conditions, bacteria induce a cohort of enzymes to scavenge for phosphate, and a high affinity transporter for its uptake into the cell. This response is controlled by a two-component signal transduction system named PhoBR in Escherichia coli and PhoPR in Bacillus subtilis. PhoR is a sensor kinase whose activity is responsive to phosphate availability. Under phosphate limiting conditions, PhoR exists in kinase mode that phosphorylates its cognate response regulator (PhoB, PhoP). When activated, PhoB∼P/PhoP∼P execute changes in gene expression that adapt cells to the phosphate limited state. Under phosphate replete conditions, PhoR exists in phosphatase mode that maintains PhoB/PhoP in an inactive, non-phosphorylated state. The mechanism by which phosphate availability is sensed and how it controls the balance between PhoR kinase and phosphatase activities has been studied in E. coli and B. subtilis. Two different mechanisms have emerged. In the most common mechanism, PhoR activity is responsive to phosphate transport through a PstSCAB/PhoU signaling complex that relays the conformational status of the transporter to PhoR. In the second mechanism currently confined to B. subtilis, PhoR activity is responsive to wall teichoic acid metabolism whereby biosynthetic intermediates can promote or inhibit PhoR autokinase activity. Variations of both mechanisms are found that allow each bacterial species to adapt to phosphate availability in their particular environmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Devine
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Biogenic Polyphosphate Nanoparticles from a Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002: Production, Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090322. [PMID: 30201855 PMCID: PMC6163655 DOI: 10.3390/md16090322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic-derived polyphosphates have attracted interest as potential therapeutic agents to improve intestinal health. The current study discovered the intracellular accumulation of polyphosphates in a marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 as nano-sized granules. The maximum accumulation of polyphosphates in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was found at the late logarithmic growth phase when the medium contained 0.74 mM of KH2PO4, 11.76 mM of NaNO3, and 30.42 mM of Na2SO4. Biogenic polyphosphate nanoparticles (BPNPs) were obtained intact from the algae cells by hot water extraction, and were purified to remove the organic impurities by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. By using 100 kDa ultrafiltration, BPNPs were fractionated into the larger and smaller populations with diameters ranging between 30–70 nm and 10–30 nm, respectively. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescence and orthophosphate production revealed that a minor portion of BPNPs (about 14–18%) were degraded during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In vitro studies using lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells showed that BPNPs inhibited cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression, and the production of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β through suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, there is promise in the use of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 to produce BPNPs, an anti-inflammatory postbiotic.
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Azevedo C, Singh J, Steck N, Hofer A, Ruiz FA, Singh T, Jessen HJ, Saiardi A. Screening a Protein Array with Synthetic Biotinylated Inorganic Polyphosphate To Define the Human PolyP-ome. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1958-1963. [PMID: 29924597 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypes are established by tight regulation on protein functions. This regulation can be mediated allosterically, through protein binding, and covalently, through post-translational modification (PTM). The integration of an ever-increasing number of PTMs into regulatory networks enables and defines the proteome complexity. Protein PTMs can occur enzymatically and nonenzymatically. Polyphosphorylation, which is a recently discovered PTM that belongs to the latter category, is the covalent attachment of the linear ortho-phosphate polymer called inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) to lysine residues. PolyP, which is ubiquitously present in nature, is also known to allosterically control protein function. To date, lack of reagents has prevented the systematic analysis of proteins covalently and/or allosterically associated with polyP. Here, we report on the chemical synthesis of biotin-modified monodisperse short-chain polyP (bio-polyP8-bio) and its subsequent use to screen a human proteome array to identify proteins that associate with polyP, thereby starting to define the human polyP-ome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Azevedo
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Steck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Hofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix A. Ruiz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Research Unit, “Puerta del Mar” University Hospital, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INiBICA), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Tanya Singh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Bentley-DeSousa A, Downey M. From underlying chemistry to therapeutic potential: open questions in the new field of lysine polyphosphorylation. Curr Genet 2018; 65:57-64. [PMID: 29881919 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphorylation is a newly described non-enzymatic post-translational modification wherein long chains of inorganic phosphates are attached to lysine residues. The first targets of polyphosphorylation identified were S. cerevisiae proteins Nsr1 and Top1. Building on this theme, we recently exploited functional genomics tools in yeast to identify 15 new targets, including a conserved network of nucleolar proteins implicated in ribosome biogenesis. We also described the polyphosphorylation of six human proteins, suggesting that this unique post-translational modification could be conserved throughout eukaryotes. The study of polyphosphorylation seems poised to uncover novel modes of protein regulation in pathways spanning diverse biological processes. In this review, we establish a framework for future work by outlining critical questions related to the biochemistry of polyphosphorylation, its therapeutic potential, and everything in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bentley-DeSousa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, KIH 8M5, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, KIH 8M5, Canada.
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Vieira PH, Bomfim L, Atella GC, Masuda H, Ramos I. Silencing of RpATG6 impaired the yolk accumulation and the biogenesis of the yolk organelles in the insect vector R. prolixus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006507. [PMID: 29768406 PMCID: PMC5973624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In oviparous animals, the egg yolk is synthesized by the mother in a major metabolic challenge, where the different yolk components are secreted to the hemolymph and delivered to the oocytes mostly by endocytosis. The yolk macromolecules are then stored in a wide range of endocytic-originated vesicles which are collectively referred to as yolk organelles and occupy most of the mature oocytes cytoplasm. After fertilization, the contents of these organelles are degraded in a regulated manner to supply the embryo cells with fundamental molecules for de novo synthesis. Yolk accumulation and its regulated degradation are therefore crucial for successful development, however, most of the molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis, sorting and degradation of targeted yolk organelles are still poorly understood. ATG6 is part of two PI3P-kinase complexes that can regulate the recruitment of the endocytic or the autophagy machineries. Here, we investigate the role of RpATG6 in the endocytosis of the yolk macromolecules and in the biogenesis of the yolk organelles in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus. We found that vitellogenic females express high levels of RpATG6 in the ovaries, when compared to the levels detected in the midgut and fat body. RNAi silencing of RpATG6 resulted in yolk proteins accumulated in the vitellogenic hemolymph, as a consequence of poor uptake by the oocytes. Accordingly, the silenced oocytes are unviable, white (contrasting to the control pink oocytes), smaller (62% of the control oocyte volume) and accumulate only 40% of the yolk proteins, 80% of the TAG and 50% of the polymer polyphosphate quantified in control oocytes. The cortex of silenced oocytes present atypical smaller vesicles indicating that the yolk organelles were not properly formed and/or sorted, which was supported by the lack of endocytic vesicles near the plasma membrane of silenced oocytes as seen by TEM. Altogether, we found that RpATG6 is central for the mechanisms of yolk accumulation, emerging as an important target for further investigations on oogenesis and, therefore, reproduction of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila H. Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C. Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de lipídeos e lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hatisaburo Masuda
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Inorganic polyphosphate in methylotrophic yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5235-5244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Moudříková Š, Sadowsky A, Metzger S, Nedbal L, Mettler-Altmann T, Mojzeš P. Quantification of Polyphosphate in Microalgae by Raman Microscopy and by a Reference Enzymatic Assay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12006-12013. [PMID: 29099580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphates have occurred in living cells early in evolution and microalgae contain these important polymers in their cells. Progress in research of polyphosphate metabolism of these ecologically as well as biotechnologically important microorganisms is hampered by the lack of rapid quantification methods. Experiments with the green alga Chlorella vulgaris presented here compared polyphosphate extraction in water, methanol-chloroform, and phenol-chloroform followed by polyphosphate purification by binding to silica columns or ethanol precipitation. The phenol-chloroform extraction of C. vulgaris followed by ethanol precipitation of polyphosphate was shown to be superior to the other tested method variants. Recovery test of added polyphosphate standard to algal biomass showed that the method is accurate. Using this biochemical assay as a validated reference, we show that 2-dimensional, confocal Raman microscopy can serve as a linear proxy for polyphosphate in C. vulgaris with R2 up to 0.956. With this, polyphosphate quantification can be shortened by use of Raman microscopy from days to hours and, additionally, information about intracellular distribution of polyphosphate and heterogeneity among individual cells in algal culture can be obtained. This offers new insights into the dynamics and role of these polymers crucial for phosphorus uptake and storage. This analytical capability is of particular practical importance because algae aid phosphorus sequestration from wastewater and the thus enriched biomass may serve as organic fertilizer. Both these applications have a strong potential in a future sustainable, circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Moudříková
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Sadowsky
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Phosphate Acquisition and Virulence in Human Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030048. [PMID: 28829379 PMCID: PMC5620639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic fungi to acquire essential macro and micronutrients during infection is a well-established virulence trait. Recent studies in the major human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans have revealed that acquisition of the essential macronutrient, phosphate, is essential for virulence. The phosphate sensing and acquisition pathway in fungi, known as the PHO pathway, has been extensively characterized in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we highlight recent advances in phosphate sensing and signaling mechanisms, and use the S. cerevisiae PHO pathway as a platform from which to compare the phosphate acquisition and storage strategies employed by several human pathogenic fungi. We also explore the multi-layered roles of phosphate acquisition in promoting fungal stress resistance to pH, cationic, and oxidative stresses, and describe emerging roles for the phosphate storage molecule polyphosphate (polyP). Finally, we summarize the recent studies supporting the necessity of phosphate acquisition in mediating the virulence of human fungal pathogens, highlighting the concept that this requirement is intimately linked to promoting resistance to host-imposed stresses.
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