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Sun X, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang X, Wang H, Wang D, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang G, Wei Z. Establishment of an efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium transformation system in mature embryos of calla lily ( Zantedeschia spp.). Front Genet 2022; 13:1085694. [PMID: 36561313 PMCID: PMC9763309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) have great aesthetic value due to their spathe-like appearance and richness of coloration. However, embryonic callus regeneration is absent from its current regeneration mechanism. As a result, constructing an adequate and stable genetic transformation system is hampered, severely hindering breeding efforts. In this research, the callus induction effectiveness of calla lily seed embryos of various maturities was evaluated. The findings indicated that mature seed embryos were more suitable for in vitro regeneration. Using orthogonal design experiments, the primary elements influencing in vitro regeneration, such as plant growth regulators, genotypes, and nanoscale materials, which was emergent uses for in vitro regeneration, were investigated. The findings indicated that MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimal medium for callus induction (CIM); the germination medium (GM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L CNTs, and the rooting medium (RM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.7 mg/L and 2 mg/L CNTs. This allowed us to verify, in principle, that the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system operates under optimal circumstances using the GUS reporter gene. Here, we developed a seed embryo-based genetic transformation regeneration system, which set the stage for future attempts to create new calla lily varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
| | - Zunzheng Wei
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
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Ho TH, Chuang CY, Zheng JL, Chen HH, Liang YS, Huang TP, Lin YH. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain PMB05 Intensifies Plant Immune Responses to Confer Resistance Against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1877-1885. [PMID: 32692280 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-20-0026-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is an economic crop worldwide. Many limiting factors reduce the production of tomato, with bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum being the most destructive disease. Our previous study showed that the disease resistance to bacterial soft rot is enhanced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PMB05. This enhanced resistance is associated with the intensification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). To determine whether the PTI-intensifying Bacillus spp. strains are able to confer disease resistance to bacterial wilt, their effects on PTI signals triggered by PAMP from R. solanacearum and on the occurrence of bacterial wilt were assayed. Before assay, a gene that encodes harpin from R. solanacearum, PopW, was applied as a PAMP. Results revealed that the B. amyloliquefaciens strain PMB05 was the one strain among 9 Bacillus rhizobacterial strains which could significantly intensify the PopW-induced hypersensitive response (HR) on Arabidopsis leaves. Moreover, we observed that the signals of PopW-induced reactive oxygen species generation and callose deposition were increased, confirming that the PTI was intensified by PMB05. The intensification of the PopW-triggered HR by PMB05 in Arabidopsis was reduced upon treatment with inhibitors in PTI pathways. Furthermore, the application of Bacillus spp. strains on tomato plants showed that only the use of PMB05 resulted in significantly increased resistance to bacterial wilt. Moreover, the PTI signals were also intensified in the tomato leaves. Taken together, we demonstrated that PMB05 is a PTI-intensifying bacterium that confers resistance to tomato bacterial wilt. Screening of plant immunity intensifying rhizobacteria is a possible strategy to control tomato bacterial wilt.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsin Ho
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yu Chuang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Zheng
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hua Chen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Liang
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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van Esse HP, Reuber TL, van der Does D. Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:70-86. [PMID: 31135961 PMCID: PMC6916320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are a significant challenge in agriculture despite our best efforts to combat them. One of the most effective and sustainable ways to manage plant pathogens is to use genetic modification (GM) and genome editing, expanding the breeder's toolkit. For use in the field, these solutions must be efficacious, with no negative effect on plant agronomy, and deployed thoughtfully. They must also not introduce a potential allergen or toxin. Expensive regulation of biotech crops is prohibitive for local solutions. With 11-30% average global yield losses and greater local impacts, tackling plant pathogens is an ethical imperative. We need to increase world food production by at least 60% using the same amount of land, by 2050. The time to act is now and we cannot afford to ignore the new solutions that GM provides to manage plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Peter van Esse
- 2Blades Foundation1630 Chicago AvenueEvanstonIL 60201USA
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR4 7UHUK
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Wang YH, Lai IL, Zheng JL, Lin YH. Using Dynamic Changes of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Arabidopsis thaliana to Evaluate Plant Immunity -Intensifying Bacillus spp. Strains. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1566-1576. [PMID: 31074681 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0063-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integral defense responses of plants triggered by the small molecules of plant pathogens are regarded as plant immunity. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) occurs on the recognition of a pathogen by receptors on plant cell surfaces as an infection begins. During the activation of PTI, the effectiveness of a plant's photosynthetic system may be altered. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence was used to assay the dynamic changes of PTI. When we used flg22Pst as an elicitor, we found that the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 24 h on treatment with a PTI-intensifying protein, plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP). In addition, this reduction in the photosynthetic ETR was also carried out with a PTI-intensifying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, PMB05, on the induction of flg22Pst. The disease resistance against bacterial soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) was still enhanced by PMB05. Interestingly, among the eight tested Bacillus species strains, the PTI triggered by HrpNPcc from P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum exhibited an ETR that was significantly decreased by PMB05. Furthermore, this decrease was consistent with rapid H2O2 generation and callose deposition triggered by HrpNPcc and the disease resistance against bacterial soft rot. Taken together, such results led us to conclude that the assay based on the ETR established in this study can be used as a model for evaluating the effectiveness of plant immunity-intensifying microbes for controlling plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Wang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Zheng
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Merga IF, Tripathi L, Hvoslef-Eide AK, Gebre E. Application of Genetic Engineering for Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease of Enset, Ethiopia's Sustainability Crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30863414 PMCID: PMC6399475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is one of the Ethiopia's indigenous sustainability crops supporting the livelihoods of about 20 million people, mainly in the densely populated South and Southwestern parts of the country. Enset serves as a food security crop for humans, animal feed, and source of fiber for the producers. The production of enset has been constrained by plant pests, diseases, and abiotic factors. Among these constraints, bacterial wilt disease has been the most important limiting factor for enset production since its outbreak five decades ago. There is no known bacterial wilt disease resistant genetic material in the enset genetic pool to transfer this trait to susceptible enset varieties through conventional breeding. Moreover, the absence of effective chemicals against the disease has left farmers without means to combat bacterial wilt for decades. Genetic engineering has been the alternative approach to develop disease resistant plant materials in other crops where traditional breeding tools are ineffective. This review discusses enset cultivation and recent developments addressing the control of bacterial wilt disease in enset and related crops like banana to help design effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibsa Fite Merga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Endale Gebre
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hong CY, Zheng JL, Chen TY, Chao HR, Lin YH. PFLP-Intensified Disease Resistance Against Bacterial Soft Rot Through the MAPK Pathway in PAMP-Triggered Immunity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1467-1474. [PMID: 29975159 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-18-0100-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial soft rot is a devastating disease affecting a variety of vegetable crops worldwide. One strategy for controlling this disease could be the ectopic expression of the plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) gene. PFLP was previously shown to intensify pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), an immune response triggered, for example, by the flagellin epitope flg22. To gain further insight into how PFLP intensifies PTI, flg22 was used as an elicitor in Arabidopsis thaliana. First, PFLP was confirmed to intensify the rapid generation of H2O2, callose deposition, and the hypersensitive response when coinfiltrated with flg22. This response correlated with increased expression of the FLG22-induced receptor kinase 1 gene, which is part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Although the increased response to flg22 alone did not depend on the MAPK pathway genes MEKK1, MKK5, and MPK6, the protective effect of PFLP decreased when plants mutated in these genes were inoculated with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Furthermore, expression of PR1 and PDF1.2 also increased upon treatment with flg22 in the presence of PFLP. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the MAPK pathway contributes to the increased resistance to bacterial soft rot observed in plants treated with PFLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yu Hong
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Medicine, and fourth author: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Zheng
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Medicine, and fourth author: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Medicine, and fourth author: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Medicine, and fourth author: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- First, second, third, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Medicine, and fourth author: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Tripathi L, Atkinson H, Roderick H, Kubiriba J, Tripathi JN. Genetically engineered bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease and nematodes. Food Energy Secur 2017; 6:37-47. [PMID: 28713567 PMCID: PMC5488630 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana is an important staple food crop feeding more than 100 million Africans, but is subject to severe productivity constraints due to a range of pests and diseases. Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is capable of entirely destroying a plantation while nematodes can cause losses up to 50% and increase susceptibility to other pests and diseases. Development of improved varieties of banana is fundamental in order to tackle these challenges. However, the sterile nature of the crop and the lack of resistance in Musa germplasm make improvement by traditional breeding techniques either impossible or extremely slow. Recent developments using genetic engineering have begun to address these problems. Transgenic banana expressing sweet pepper Hrap and Pflp genes have demonstrated complete resistance against X. campestris pv. musacearum in the field. Transgenic plantains expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitors and/or synthetic peptide showed enhanced resistance to a mixed species population of nematodes in the field. Here, we review the genetic engineering technologies which have potential to improve agriculture and food security in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
| | | | | | - Jerome Kubiriba
- National Agricultural Research LaboratoriesPO Box 7084KampalaUganda
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Chang H, Huang HE, Cheng CF, Ho MH, Ger MJ. Constitutive expression of a plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) enhances capacity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa). Transgenic Res 2017; 26:279-289. [PMID: 28054169 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) gene, cloned from sweet peppers predicted as an electron carrier in photosynthesis, shows high homology to the Fd-I sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa and Spinacia oleracea. Most of pflp related studies focused on anti-pathogenic effects, while less understanding for the effects in photosynthesis with physiological aspects, such as photosynthesis rate, and levels of carbohydrate metabolites. This project focuses on the effects of pflp overexpression on photosynthesis by physiological evaluations of carbon assimilation with significant higher levels of carbohydrates with higher photosynthesis efficiency. In this report, two independent transgenic lines of rice plants (designated as pflp-1 and pflp-2) were generated from non-transgenic TNG67 rice plant (WT). Both transgenic pflp rice plants exhibited enhanced photosynthesis efficiency, and gas exchange rates of photosynthesis were 1.3- and 1.2-fold higher for pflp-1 and pflp-2 than WT respectively. Significantly higher electron transport rates of pflp rice plants were observed. Moreover, photosynthetic products, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch contents of pflp transgenic lines were increased accordingly. Molecular evidences of carbohydrate metabolism related genes activities (osHXK5, osHXK6, osAGPL3, osAGPS2α, osSPS, ospFBPase, oscFBPase, and osSBPase) in transgenic lines were higher than those of WT. For performance of crop production, 1000-grain weight for pflp-1 and pflp-2 rice plants were 52.9 and 41.1 g that were both significantly higher than 31.6 g for WT, and panicles weights were 1.4- and 1.2-fold higher than WT. Panicle number, tiller number per plants for pflp rice plants were all significantly higher compared with those of WT where there was no significant difference observed between two pflp rice plants. Taken altogether; this study demonstrated that constitutive pflp expression can improve rice production by enhancing the capacity of photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-En Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taitung University, Taitung, 95092, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Mang-Jye Ger
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan.
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Lipsky A, Joshi JR, Carmi N, Yedidia I. Expression levels of antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin I in transgenic Ornithogalum lines affect the resistance to Pectobacterium infection. J Biotechnol 2016; 238:22-29. [PMID: 27639550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ornithogalum includes several ornamental species that suffer substantial losses from bacterial soft rot caused by Pectobacteria. The absence of effective control measures for use against soft rot bacteria led to the initiation of a project in which a small antimicrobial peptide from an Asian horseshoe crab, tachyplesin (tpnI), was introduced into two commercial cultivars: O. dubium and O. thyrsoides. Disease severity and bacterial colonization were examined in transgenic lines expressing this peptide. Disease resistance was evaluated in six lines of each species by measuring bacterial proliferation in the plant tissue. Three transgenic lines of each species were subjected to further analysis in which the expression level of the transgene was evaluated using RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. The development of disease symptoms and bacterial colonization of the plant tissue were also examined using GFP-expressing strain of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Pcb3. Confocal-microscopy imaging revealed significantly reduced quantities of bacterial cells in the transgenic plant lines that had been challenged with the bacterium. The results clearly demonstrate that tpnI expression reduces bacterial proliferation, colonization and disease symptom (reduced by 95-100%) in the transgenic plant tissues. The quantity of tpnI transcripts, as measured by qRT-PCR, was negatively correlated with the protection afforded to the plants, as measured by the reduced severity of disease symptoms in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Janak Raj Joshi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and the Otto Warburg Minerva Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Iris Yedidia
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Anderson JA, Gipmans M, Hurst S, Layton R, Nehra N, Pickett J, Shah DM, Souza TLPO, Tripathi L. Emerging Agricultural Biotechnologies for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:383-393. [PMID: 26785813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As global populations continue to increase, agricultural productivity will be challenged to keep pace without overtaxing important environmental resources. A dynamic and integrated approach will be required to solve global food insecurity and position agriculture on a trajectory toward sustainability. Genetically modified (GM) crops enhanced through modern biotechnology represent an important set of tools that can promote sustainable agriculture and improve food security. Several emerging biotechnology approaches were discussed in a recent symposium organized at the 13th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry meeting in San Francisco, CA, USA. This paper summarizes the innovative research and several of the new and emerging technologies within the field of agricultural biotechnology that were presented during the symposium. This discussion highlights how agricultural biotechnology fits within the context of sustainable agriculture and improved food security and can be used in support of further development and adoption of beneficial GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martijn Gipmans
- BASF Bioscience Research, c/o metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Hurst
- Arcadia Biosciences, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | | | - Narender Nehra
- Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center , St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - John Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip M Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center , St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Thiago Lívio P O Souza
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rod. GO-462, km 12, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75.375-000, Brazil
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
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Lin YH, Huang LF, Hase T, Huang HE, Feng TY. Expression of plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) enhances tolerance to heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:235-42. [PMID: 25527360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Under adverse environments, plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger cell death when their accumulation surpasses the antioxidant capacity of ROS scavenging systems. These systems function in chloroplasts mainly through the ascorbate-mediated water-water cycle, in which ascorbate is photoreduced by ferredoxin in the photosynthetic system. Our previous study showed that the fraction of the reduced form of ascorbate was increased in ferredoxin-transgenic Arabidopsis (CPF) plants which overexpressed plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) in their chloroplasts. Thus, we hypothesized that expression of PFLP could alter the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses through increasing reduced form of ascorbate. In this study, we found that two CPF lines exhibited lower mortality rates at five days, following two days of heat treatment. Compared to non-transgenic wild type (Col-0) plants, CPF plants exhibited decreased H2O2 content, MDA accumulation, and ion leakage after heat treatment. To confirm the efficacy of ferredoxin against heat stress in chloroplasts, we evaluated two RNA interference (RNAi) lines on two endogenous ferredoxin isoforms, Atfd1 or Atfd2, of Arabidopsis plants. Both lines not only decreased their amounts of ascorbate, but also exhibited adverse reactions following heat treatment. Based on these results, we conclude that expression of PFLP in chloroplasts can confer tolerance to heat stress. This tolerance might be associated with the increasing of ascorbate in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tashiharu Hase
- Laboratory of Regulation of Biological Reactions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hsiang-En Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yung Feng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ger MJ, Louh GY, Lin YH, Feng TY, Huang HE. Ectopically expressed sweet pepper ferredoxin PFLP enhances disease resistance to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affected by harpin and protease-mediated hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:892-906. [PMID: 24796566 PMCID: PMC6638834 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) is a photosynthesis-type ferredoxin (Fd) found in sweet pepper. It contains an iron-sulphur cluster that receives and delivers electrons between enzymes involved in many fundamental metabolic processes. It has been demonstrated that transgenic plants overexpressing PFLP show a high resistance to many bacterial pathogens, although the mechanism remains unclear. In this investigation, the PFLP gene was transferred into Arabidopsis and its defective derivatives, such as npr1 (nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1) and eds1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1) mutants and NAHG-transgenic plants. These transgenic plants were then infected with the soft-rot bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora, ECC) to investigate the mechanism behind PFLP-mediated resistance. The results revealed that, instead of showing soft-rot symptoms, ECC activated hypersensitive response (HR)-associated events, such as the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), electrical conductivity leakage and expression of the HR marker genes (ATHSR2 and ATHSR3) in PFLP-transgenic Arabidopsis. This PFLP-mediated resistance could be abolished by inhibitors, such as diphenylene iodonium (DPI), 1-l-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)-butane (E64) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk), but not by myriocin and fumonisin. The PFLP-transgenic plants were resistant to ECC, but not to its harpin mutant strain ECCAC5082. In the npr1 mutant and NAHG-transgenic Arabidopsis, but not in the eds1 mutant, overexpression of the PFLP gene increased resistance to ECC. Based on these results, we suggest that transgenic Arabidopsis contains high levels of ectopic PFLP; this may lead to the recognition of the harpin and to the activation of the HR and other resistance mechanisms, and is dependent on the protease-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang-Jye Ger
- Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
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13
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Field trial of Xanthomonas wilt disease-resistant bananas in East Africa. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:868-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Kim HS, Park YH, Nam H, Lee YM, Song K, Choi C, Ahn I, Park SR, Lee YH, Hwang DJ. Overexpression of the Brassica rapa transcription factor WRKY12 results in reduced soft rot symptoms caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum in Arabidopsis and Chinese cabbage. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:973-981. [PMID: 24552622 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), an important vegetable crop, can succumb to diseases such as bacterial soft rot, resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc) causes soft rot disease in various plants, including Chinese cabbage. To overcome crop loss caused by bacterial soft rot, a gene from Chinese cabbage was isolated and characterised in this study. We isolated the BrWRKY12 gene from Chinese cabbage, which is a group II member of the WRKY transcription factor superfamily. The 645-bp coding sequence of BrWRKY12 translates to a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 24.4 kDa, and BrWRKY12 was exclusively localised in the nucleus. Transcripts of BrWRKY12 were induced by Pcc infection in Brassica. Heterologous expression of BrWRKY12 resulted in reduced susceptibility to Pcc but not to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis. Defence-associated genes, such as AtPDF1.2 and AtPGIP2, were constitutively expressed in transgenic lines overexpressing BrWRKY12. The expression of AtWKRY12, which is the closest orthologue of BrWRKY12, was down-regulated by Pcc in Arabidopsis. However, the Atwrky12-2 mutants did not show any difference in response to Pcc, pointing to a difference in function of WRKY12 in Brassica and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, BrWRKY12 in Chinese cabbage also exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial soft rot and increased the expression of defence-associated genes. In summary, BrWRKY12 confers enhanced resistance to Pcc through transcriptional activation of defence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
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Liu J, Chakraborty S, Hosseinzadeh P, Yu Y, Tian S, Petrik I, Bhagi A, Lu Y. Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4366-469. [PMID: 24758379 PMCID: PMC4002152 DOI: 10.1021/cr400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Igor Petrik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Namukwaya B, Tripathi L, Tripathi JN, Arinaitwe G, Mukasa SB, Tushemereirwe WK. Transgenic banana expressing Pflp gene confers enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:855-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lin YH, Huang HE, Chen YR, Liao PL, Chen CL, Feng TY. C-terminal region of plant ferredoxin-like protein is required to enhance resistance to bacterial disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:741-749. [PMID: 21261469 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-10-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important biological process associated with elicitor-induced defense responses in plants. In a previous report, we described how plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) in transgenic plants enhances resistance to bacterial pathogens associated with the hypersensitive response (HR). PFLP possesses a putative casein kinase II phosphorylation (CK2P) site at the C-terminal in which phosphorylation occurs rapidly during defense response. However, the contribution of this site to the enhancement of disease resistance and the intensity of HR has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we generated two versions of truncated PFLP, PEC (extant CK2P site) and PDC (deleted CK2P site), and assessed their ability to trigger HR through harpin (HrpZ) derived from Pseudomonas syringae as well as their resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum. In an infiltration assay of HrpZ, PEC intensified harpin-mediated HR; however, PDC negated this effect. Transgenic plants expressing these versions indicate that nonphosphorylated PFLP loses its ability to induce HR or enhance disease resistance against R. solanacearum. Interestingly, the CK2P site of PFLP is required to induce the expression of the NADPH oxidase gene, AtrbohD, which is a reactive oxygen species producing enzyme. This was further confirmed by evaluating the HR on NADPH oxidase in mutants of Arabidopsis. As a result, we have concluded that the CK2P site is required for the phosphorylation of PFLP to enhance disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Lin YH, Huang HE, Wu FS, Ger MJ, Liao PL, Chen YR, Tzeng KC, Feng TY. Plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) outside chloroplast in Arabidopsis enhances disease resistance against bacterial pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 179:450-458. [PMID: 21802603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protection of crops against bacterial disease is an important issue in agricultural production. One of the strategies to lead plants become resistant against bacterial pathogens is employing a transgene, like plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP). PFLP is a photosynthetic type ferredoxin isolated from sweet pepper and contains a signal peptide for targeting towards chloroplasts. Our previous reports indicated that transgenic plants with this protein are more resistant against bacterial pathogens. However, this heterologous protein was visualized not only inside the chloroplasts, but also in the cytoplasm. In this article, we moved to study its heterologous expression in Arabidopsis by expressing the protein in chloroplast, apoplast and cytoplasm. This work was achieved by engineering a chloroplast target (CPF), an apoplast target (ESF), and cytoplasm target (DF) plants. The expression and subcellular localization of PFLP were analyzed by Western blot and immuno-staining by confocal microscopy, respectively. We tested the ability of the transgenic Arabidopsis for resistance to two Ralstonia solanacearum strains and their ability to increase the hypersensitive response (HR) triggered by harpin (HrpZ) from Pseudomonas syringae. The DF and ESF plants conferred resistance against bacterial wilt strains and increased HR by harpin, but no resistance found in the CPF plants. In addition, we determined the level of reduced ascorbate in all transgenic plants and further analyzed the expression of two NADPH-oxidase genes (AtrbohD and AtrbohF) in ESF plant. Among the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, ESF plants confer the highest resistance to bacterial pathogens and followed by DF plants. We concluded that PFLP enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis when expressed in the apoplast or in cytoplasm but not when targeted into the chloroplast. This study provides a strategy for molecular breeding to improve resistance of crops against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Biocontrol of bacterial soft rot of calla lily by elicitor HarpinXoo and N-acyl homoserine lactonase (AttM). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Feng TY, Lin YH, Huang HE. Improvement of Agronomic Traits Using Different Isoforms of Ferredoxin for Plant Development and Disease Resistance. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420077070.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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