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Wang P, Liu M, Lv C, Tian Z, Li R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu J. Identifying the Key Role of Plutella xylostella General Odorant Binding Protein 2 in Perceiving a Larval Attractant, ( E, E)-2,6-Farnesol. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5690-5698. [PMID: 38447177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
There is currently a lack of effective olfaction-based techniques to control diamondback moth (DBM) larvae. Identifying behaviorally active odorants for DBM larvae and exploring their recognition mechanisms can provide insights into olfaction-based larval control strategies. Through the two-choice assay, (E,E)-2,6-farnesol (farnesol) was identified as a compound exhibiting significant attractant activity toward DBM larvae, achieving an attraction index of 0.48 ± 0.13. PxylGOBP1 and PxylGOBP2, highly expressed in the antennae of DBM larvae, both showed high affinity toward farnesol. RNAi technology was used to knock down PxylGOBP1 and PxylGOBP2, revealing that the attraction of DBM larvae to farnesol nearly vanished following the knockdown of PxylGOBP2, indicating its critical role in recognizing farnesol. Further investigation into the PxylGOBP2-farnesol interaction revealed the importance of residues like Thr9, Trp37, and Phe118 in PxylGOBP2's binding to farnesol. This research is significant for unveiling the olfactory mechanisms of DBM larvae and developing larval behavior regulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changhong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruichi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Hellmann C, Greiner A, Vilcinskas A. Design of Polymer Carriers for Optimized Pheromone Release in Sustainable Insect Control Strategies. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304098. [PMID: 38145363 PMCID: PMC10916555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Semiochemicals such as pheromones play a major role in communication between insects, influencing their spatial orientation, aggregation, defense, and mating. The rational chemical design of precision pheromone-releasing materials are increased the efficiency of pheromone-based plant protection agents. Decades of research is begun to unravel the complex communication structures regulated by semiochemicals, from the neuronal perception of specific chemical substances to the behavioral responses in hundreds of species, including many devastating pest insects. This article summarizes the most effective uses of semiochemicals in agriculture, the behavioral responses of selected target species, and controlled-release strategies based on formulations such as novel fibrous polymer carriers. This study helps scientists, decision-makers, farmers, and the public understand the importance of appropriate mating disruption techniques that reduce the need for broad-spectrum insecticides and limit their impact on non-target and beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hellmann
- Branch BioresourcesFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry IIBavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Branch BioresourcesFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- Institute of Insect BiotechnologyJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–3235392GiessenGermany
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3
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Zafar Z, Wood MJ, Fatima S, Bhatti MF, Shah FA, Saud Z, Loveridge EJ, Karaca I, Butt TM. Identification of the odorant binding proteins of Western Flower Thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis), characterization and binding analysis of FoccOBP3 with molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations and a confirmatory field trial. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38415377 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Olfactory systems are indispensable for insects as they, including Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), use olfactory cues for ovipositing and feeding. F. occidentalis use odorant binding proteins (OBPs) to transport semiochemicals to odorant receptors to induce a behavioural response from the sensillum lymph of the insect's antennae. This study identifies four OBPs of F. occidentalis and analyses their expression at three stages of growth: larvae, adult males and adult females. Further, it investigates the presence of conserved motifs and their phylogenetic relationship to other insect species. Moreover, FoccOBP3 was in silico characterized to analyse its structure along with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand its binding with semiochemicals of F. occidentalis. Molecular docking revealed the interactions of methyl isonicotinate, p-anisaldehyde and (S)-(-)-verbenone with FoccOBP3. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations showed bonding stability of these ligands with FoccOBP3, and field trials validated that Lurem TR (commercial product) and p-anisaldehyde had greater attraction as compared to (S)-(-)-verbenone, given the compound's binding with FoccOBP3. The current study helps in understanding the tertiary structure and interaction of FoccOBP3 with lures using computational and field data and will help in the identification of novel lures of insects in the future, given the importance of binding with OBPs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Zafar
- Research and Development, Razbio Limited, Bridgend, UK
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Martyn J Wood
- Research and Development, Razbio Limited, Bridgend, UK
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sidra Fatima
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq A Shah
- Research and Development, Razbio Limited, Bridgend, UK
| | - Zack Saud
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Ismail Karaca
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tariq M Butt
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Conroy C, Fountain MT, Whitfield EC, Hall DR, Farman D, Bray DP. Methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate and ethyl propionate: repellents effective against spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38348748 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an economically important pest of soft and stone fruit crops. The aim of this study was to identify repellents, formulated in dispensers, which could protect crops from D. suzukii. Fourteen potential repellents were screened against summer- and winter-morph D. suzukii through electroantennography and behavioural bioassays. Repellents effective in the laboratory were tested in polytunnels to determine their efficacy in reducing catches in fruit-baited traps. Further trials of three potential repellents were conducted to determine the distances over which repellent dispensers could reduce D. suzukii emergence in a strawberry crop. RESULTS All 14 chemicals screened were detected by the antennae of both D. suzukii morphs. Hexyl acetate and geosmin both elicited a significantly greater corrected EAG response in summer morphs than winter morphs. Summer-morph D. suzukii were repelled by butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl N,N-dimethyl anthranilate, geosmin, methyl salicylate, DEET and benzaldehyde at one or more doses test in laboratory bioassays. Winter morphs were repelled by ethyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, methyl N,N-dimethyl anthranilate, DEET, benzaldehyde and butyl anthranilate at one or more of the doses tested in the laboratory. Ethyl propionate, methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate and benzaldehyde repelled both morphs from fruit-baited traps in polytunnel trapping trials. Ethyl propionate and methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate reduced emergence of D. suzukii in a strawberry crop over 3-5 m. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl propionate and methyl N,N-dimethylanthranilate may protect strawberry crops against D. suzukii. Future work should test these repellents in combination with attractants in a 'push-pull' strategy. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Conroy
- NIAB East Malling, East Malling, UK
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | | | | | - David R Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Dudley Farman
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Daniel P Bray
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
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Alavez-Rosas D, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE, Cruz-López L, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Lessons to be popular: the chemical basis of aggregation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected and non-infected Chagasic bugs. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231271. [PMID: 38356875 PMCID: PMC10864782 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation is one of the most remarkable behaviours in the animal kingdom-a process that is usually governed by pheromones. Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease in mammals, including humans. Triatomines usually gather in roosting refuges by using aggregation pheromones of unknown chemical structure. In terms of vector control, one option to reduce triatomine-human contact is via capturing the insects into traps baited with lures based on such aggregation pheromones. As a first step towards this aim, we elucidated the aggregation pheromone in the triatomine Triatoma pallidipennis, using T. cruzi-infected and non-infected bugs. We used different extraction techniques and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the identification. Also, two different bioassays were implemented for evaluating the attractant and arrestant activity of the pheromone. We found that T. pallidipennis produced short-chain aldehydes as attractants, and nitrogen-derived compounds as arrestants. We detected differences in the production and perception of these compounds according to whether animals were infected or not. These findings show that T. cruzi may influence triatomine chemical ecology and are promising tools for triatomine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alavez-Rosas
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana E. Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- CONAHCYT- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Cruz-López
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Centro, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Torto B, Tchouassi DP. Chemical Ecology and Management of Dengue Vectors. Annu Rev Entomol 2024; 69:159-182. [PMID: 37625116 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020123-015755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus, is the most widespread arboviral infectious disease of public health significance globally. This review explores the communicative function of olfactory cues that mediate host-seeking, egg-laying, plant-feeding, and mating behaviors in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two mosquito vectors that drive dengue virus transmission. Aedes aegypti has adapted to live in close association with humans, preferentially feeding on them and laying eggs in human-fabricated water containers and natural habitats. In contrast, Ae. albopictus is considered opportunistic in its feeding habits and tends to inhabit more vegetative areas. Additionally, the ability of both mosquito species to locate suitable host plants for sugars and find mates for reproduction contributes to their survival. Advances in chemical ecology, functional genomics, and behavioral analyses have improved our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms and reveal novel and specific olfactory semiochemicals that these species use to locate and discriminate among resources in their environment. Physiological status; learning; and host- and habitat-associated factors, including microbial infection and abundance, shape olfactory responses of these vectors. Some of these semiochemicals can be integrated into the toolbox for dengue surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; ,
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; ,
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Gooding CE, Pinard C, Gries R, Devireddy A, Gries G. Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of Formica oreas thatching ants. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231355. [PMID: 38179077 PMCID: PMC10762436 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ticks spend most of their life inhabiting leaf litter and detritus where they are protected from sun but preyed upon by ants. Ants secrete chemical communication signals to coordinate group tasks such as nest defence. Ticks that avoid ant semiochemicals-as indicators of ant presence-would reduce predation risk by ants. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) chemical deposits from the thatching ant Formica oreas deter blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, (ii) deterrent semiochemicals originate from the ants' poison and/or Dufour's gland(s), and (iii) tick-deterrent semiochemicals serve as alarm-recruitment pheromone components in F. oreas. In two-choice olfactometer bioassays, filter paper soiled with ant chemical deposits significantly deterred female and male ticks. Poison and Dufour's gland extracts deterred ticks in combination but not alone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of gland extracts revealed formic acid as the major constituent in the poison gland and eight hydrocarbons as constituents in the Dufour's gland. Synthetic formic acid and hydrocarbons deterred ticks only when combined. F. oreas workers sprayed both formic acid and hydrocarbons when distressed. A synthetic blend of these compounds elicited alarm-recruitment responses by F. oreas in behavioural bioassays. All results combined indicate that ticks eavesdrop on the ants' communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Gooding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Charlotte Pinard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Anand Devireddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Pineda-Ríos JM, Cibrián-Tovar J, López-Romero RM, Hernández-Fuentes LM, Soto-Rojas L, Llanderal-Cázares C, García-Sosa PR, Salomé-Abarca LF. Volatilome Analysis of Soursop Fruits for the Determination of Kairomone Components That Attract the Annonaceae Fruit Weevil ( Optatus palmaris Pascoe). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3898. [PMID: 38005795 PMCID: PMC10674623 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Soursop possesses the largest fruit size of the Annona genus. However, this species is threatened by the Annonaceae fruit weevil (Optatus palmaris), which can cause the destruction of whole soursop fruits. Recently, the potential of semiochemicals for the management of this insect is highlighted, and its aggregation pheromone has been elucidated. This pheromone works well only when mixed with soursop volatiles. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine specific kairomone components to potentiate the aggregation pheromone of this Annonaceae fruit weevil. This task was carried out via volatilome analysis of soursop fruits, which was correlated with the biological activity of the identified volatiles. The GC-MS analysis of aroma collections of mature soursop fruits and flowers, determined using multivariate data analysis, confirmed a volatile differentiation between these organs. The volatile variation between fruits and flowers was reflected in weevils' preference for mature fruits instead of flowers. Moreover, weevils' response to soursop fruits increased with more mature fruits. This was correlated with volatile changes throughout the phenological stages of soursop fruits. The two volatiles most correlated with weevils' attraction were benzothiazole and (E)-β-caryophyllene. These volatiles only evoked a response when mixed and potentiated the attraction of the aggregation pheromone. Thus, these two volatiles are active kairomone components with the potential for being used in combination with the aggregation pheromone of Annonaceae fruit weevils in field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Pineda-Ríos
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Km 36.5 Carr., Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - J. Cibrián-Tovar
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Km 36.5 Carr., Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - R. M. López-Romero
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Edafología, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - L. M. Hernández-Fuentes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México 04010, Mexico;
| | - L. Soto-Rojas
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Km 36.5 Carr., Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - C. Llanderal-Cázares
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Km 36.5 Carr., Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - P. R. García-Sosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Departamento de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Morelos 62739, Mexico;
| | - L. F. Salomé-Abarca
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN—Unidad Irapuato, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
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9
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Fezza E, Roberts JM, Bruce TJA, Walsh LE, Gaffney MT, Pope TW. Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:4635-4643. [PMID: 37442916 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions. RESULTS Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Fezza
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
- Horticulture Development Department, Teagasc, Ashtown Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joe M Roberts
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Toby J A Bruce
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Lael E Walsh
- Horticulture Development Department, Teagasc, Ashtown Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael T Gaffney
- Horticulture Development Department, Teagasc, Ashtown Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom W Pope
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
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10
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Abendroth JA, Moural TW, Wei H, Zhu F. Roles of insect odorant binding proteins in communication and xenobiotic adaptation. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1274197. [PMID: 38469469 PMCID: PMC10926425 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1274197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are small water-soluble proteins mainly associated with olfaction, facilitating the transport of odorant molecules to their relevant receptors in the sensillum lymph. While traditionally considered essential for olfaction, recent research has revealed that OBPs are engaged in a diverse range of physiological functions in modulating chemical communication and defense. Over the past 10 years, emerging evidence suggests that OBPs play vital roles in purifying the perireceptor space from unwanted xenobiotics including plant volatiles and pesticides, potentially facilitating xenobiotic adaptation, such as host location, adaptation, and pesticide resistance. This multifunctionality can be attributed, in part, to their structural variability and effectiveness in transporting, sequestering, and concealing numerous hydrophobic molecules. Here, we firstly overviewed the classification and structural properties of OBPs in diverse insect orders. Subsequently, we discussed the myriad of functional roles of insect OBPs in communication and their adaptation to xenobiotics. By synthesizing the current knowledge in this field, our review paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the significance of insect OBPs in chemical ecology, xenobiotic adaptation, paving the way for future research in this fascinating area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Abendroth
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Timothy W. Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Hongshuang Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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11
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Bingjun Y, Cao D, Su Z, Wei J. The attractive host volatiles can enhance oviposition of Anoplophora glabripennis on a non-host tree. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3538-3547. [PMID: 37160852 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis, is a serious wood borer of hardwood trees. Populus deltoides 'Shalinyang' (PdS) is attractive to ALB adults for oviposition but highly resistant to their offspring. Investigation of the chemicals regulating ALB oviposition is scarce in previous studies until now. To determine which chemicals emitted by PdS were attractive and induced oviposition behavior by ALB on non-host poplar tree species, we first: collected and identified the bio-active volatiles produced by PdS using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD); then evaluated which chemicals were attractive in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay; and finally screened key compounds affecting ALB oviposition using a 'chemical-stimulated oviposition on non-host tree' bioassay. RESULTS (E)-2-Hexenal, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenol acetate, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, β-caryophyllene, and salicylaldehyde emitted from PdS were attractive to ALB. When (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol acetate, and (Z)-3-hexenol were applied to the non-host tree Populus tomentosa, oviposition by ALB females was significantly increased. Furthermore, the mean number of oviposition pits increased as the (Z)-3-hexenol concentrations increased. Further tests on synergy between pairs of chemicals showed that (Z)-3-hexenol stimulated production of the most oviposition pits, but that the percentage of effective oviposition pits (those containing an egg and larva and not empty) decreased. CONCLUSION (Z)-3-Hexenol is the main chemical component inducing ALB oviposition. These results increase understanding about the oviposition behavior of ALB and could help improve management strategies that regulate ALB behavior by planting mixed-species forests resistant to ALB. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bingjun
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Experimental Center of Desert Forest, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, China
| | - Jianrong Wei
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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12
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Masagué S, Fernández PC, Devescovi F, Segura DF, De La Vega GJ, Corley JC, Villacide JM, Martínez AS. Oviposition substrate location by the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio: the combined effect of chemical cues emitted by its obligate symbiont Amylostereum areolatum and different host-tree species. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3959-3969. [PMID: 37273195 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirex noctilio is an invasive forest wasp that affects pines and can result in severe economic losses. The use of semiochemicals offers an opportunity to develop sensitive and specific capturing systems to mitigatenegative impacts. Previous research showed that female S. noctilio would use volatiles emitted by its fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, but little is known about how these modulate behaviour when combined with pine-wood emissions. Our aim was to understand the relevance of fungal volatiles grown on artificial media and wood from two hosts trees, Pinus contorta and Pinus ponderosa, on behavioural and electroantennographic responses of wasp females. Because background odours can modify an insect's response towards resource-indicating semiochemicals, we propose that the behaviour towards the symbiont (resource) will be modulated by host pine emissions (background odours). RESULTS Olfactometric assays showed that both host species with fungus were attractive when contrasted against air (P. contorta versus Air, χ2 = 12.19, P < 0.001; P. ponderosa versus Air, χ2 = 20.60, P < 0.001) and suggest a clear hierarchy in terms of female preferences towards the tested stimuli, with response highest towards the fungus grown on P. contorta (olfactory preference index: 5.5). Electrophysiological analyses indicate that females detect 62 volatile compounds from the tested sources. CONCLUSION Results indicate a strong synergy between symbiont and host semiochemicals, suggesting that the pine species could play a fundamental role in the interaction. Further understanding of the chemical basis of this, could guide the development of specific and attractive lures, in order to maximize attraction of wasps in surveillance programmes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Masagué
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Patricia C Fernández
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Devescovi
- Instituto de Genética 'Ewald A. Favret' (INTA) - Grupo Vinculado al Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego F Segura
- Instituto de Genética 'Ewald A. Favret' (INTA) - Grupo Vinculado al Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo J De La Vega
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Juan C Corley
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - José M Villacide
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrés S Martínez
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
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13
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Kansman JT, Jaramillo JL, Ali JG, Hermann SL. Chemical ecology in conservation biocontrol: new perspectives for plant protection. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:1166-1177. [PMID: 37271617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Threats to food security require novel sustainable agriculture practices to manage insect pests. One strategy is conservation biological control (CBC), which relies on pest control services provided by local populations of arthropod natural enemies. Research has explored manipulative use of chemical information from plants and insects that act as attractant cues for natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and repellents of pests. In this review, we reflect on past strategies using chemical ecology in CBC, such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles and the push-pull technique, and propose future directions, including leveraging induced plant defenses in crop plants, repellent insect-based signaling, and genetically engineered crops. Further, we discuss how climate change may disrupt CBC and stress the importance of context dependency and yield outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Kansman
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jorge L Jaramillo
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jared G Ali
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sara L Hermann
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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14
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Ribeiro TFL, Oliveira DJDA, da Costa JG, Gutierrez MAM, de Oliveira EJ, Ribeiro Junior KAL, Goulart HF, Riffel A, Santana AEG. Volatile Organic Compounds from Cassava Plants Confer Resistance to the Whitefly Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886). Insects 2023; 14:762. [PMID: 37754730 PMCID: PMC10531547 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is an essential tuber crop used to produce food, feed, and beverages. Whitefly pests, including Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), significantly affect cassava-based agroecosystems. Plant odours have been described as potential pest management tools, and the cassava clone M Ecuador 72 has been used by breeders as an essential source of resistance. In this study, we analysed and compared the volatile compounds released by this resistant clone and a susceptible genotype, BRS Jari. Constitutive odours were collected from young plants and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric tools. The resistant genotype released numerous compounds with previously described biological activity and substantial amounts of the monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene. Whiteflies showed non-preferential behaviour when exposed to volatiles from the resistant genotype but not the susceptible genotype. Furthermore, pure ocimene caused non-preferential behaviour in whiteflies, indicating a role for this compound in repellence. This report provides an example of the intraspecific variation in odour emissions from cassava plants alongside information on odorants that repel whiteflies; these data can be used to devise whitefly management strategies. A better understanding of the genetic variability in cassava odour constituents and emissions under field conditions may accelerate the development of more resistant cassava varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Angel Martinez Gutierrez
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Karlos Antonio Lisboa Ribeiro Junior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Henrique Fonseca Goulart
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Euzebio Goulart Santana
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
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15
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Durairaj R, Pageat P, Bienboire-Frosini C. Impact of Semiochemicals Binding to Fel d 1 on Its 3D Conformation and Predicted B-Cell Epitopes Using Computational Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11685. [PMID: 37511444 PMCID: PMC10380945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cat allergen Fel d 1 is a tetrameric glycoprotein from the secretoglobin superfamily. Fel d 1's biological role is unknown, but it has been previously shown that it participates in semiochemical binding/transportation. Fel d 1 has linear epitopes, but its conformational epitope sites remain unclear. In this study, we predicted the B-cell epitopes of Fel d 1 and explored semiochemical dynamics with epitopes using bioinformatics tools. The epitope residues were tabulated for chains 1 and 2 and the heterodimers of Fel d 1. The residual interactions of Fel d 1 with IgE were evaluated, and the prominent epitope sites were predicted. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of Fel d 1 was performed with seven reported semiochemicals to evaluate the Fel d 1-ligand complex stability and decipher the semiochemical effect on Fel d 1 conformational epitopes. Fel d 1-lauric acid, Fel d 1-oleic acid, and Fel d 1-progesterone showed more stability and less fluctuation than other compounds. Fel d 1-linoleic acid and Fel d 1-pregnenolone displayed the most unstable complex with fluctuations. The effects of conformational changes on epitopes are discussed. All the ligand complexes drive substantial fluctuation towards the functionally exposed IgE-binding epitopes. Fel d 1 could be examined for its ligand-binding and conformational changes caused by mutations of B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Durairaj
- Department of Bioinformatics and Chemical Communication (D-BICC), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Research and Education Board, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
| | - Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication (D-BMCC), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400 Apt, France
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16
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Thomas G, Rusman Q, Morrison WR, Magalhães DM, Dowell JA, Ngumbi E, Osei-Owusu J, Kansman J, Gaffke A, Pagadala Damodaram KJ, Kim SJ, Tabanca N. Deciphering Plant-Insect-Microorganism Signals for Sustainable Crop Production. Biomolecules 2023; 13:997. [PMID: 37371577 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural crop productivity relies on the application of chemical pesticides to reduce pest and pathogen damage. However, chemical pesticides also pose a range of ecological, environmental and economic penalties. This includes the development of pesticide resistance by insect pests and pathogens, rendering pesticides less effective. Alternative sustainable crop protection tools should therefore be considered. Semiochemicals are signalling molecules produced by organisms, including plants, microbes, and animals, which cause behavioural or developmental changes in receiving organisms. Manipulating semiochemicals could provide a more sustainable approach to the management of insect pests and pathogens across crops. Here, we review the role of semiochemicals in the interaction between plants, insects and microbes, including examples of how they have been applied to agricultural systems. We highlight future research priorities to be considered for semiochemicals to be credible alternatives to the application of chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Quint Rusman
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - William R Morrison
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Diego M Magalhães
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jordan A Dowell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Esther Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya EY0329-2478, Ghana
| | - Jessica Kansman
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexander Gaffke
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 6383 Mahan Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | | | - Seong Jong Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA
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17
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Liu JN, Xi JH, Wang Z, Zhao SW, Wang X, Bu YW, Zhou KX, Pan Y, Wang S. Glutathione S-Transferase Highly Expressed in Holotrichia parallela Antennae Inactivates the Odorant Unsaturated Aldehyde Volatiles. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37256838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-degrading enzymes in insects play a vital role in maintaining olfactory sensitivity. However, the role and molecular mechanism of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in odorant inactivation has been rarely studied. In the present study, 31 GSTs were identified from the antennal transcriptome of Holotrichia parallela. HpGSTd1 possesses the highest transcriptome expression level. Recombinant HpGSTd1 showed degradation activity toward various unsaturated aldehyde volatiles. Furthermore, the metabolite of cinnamaldehyde was identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The molecular docking analysis and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the key residues of HpGSTd1 in degrading odorants. In addition, the unsaturated aldehyde volatiles elicited the behavioral and electrophysiological responses of H. parallela. Taken together, our findings suggest that HpGSTd1 may play an essential role in inactivating odorants in H. parallela, which provides new insights for identifying molecular targets and exploring effective olfactory regulators for this underground pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Wei Bu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhou
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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18
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Long J, Maskell K, Gries R, Nayani S, Gooding C, Gries G. Synergistic attraction of Western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, to CO 2 and odorant emissions from deer-associated microbes. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230084. [PMID: 37206969 PMCID: PMC10189596 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Foraging ticks reportedly exploit diverse cues to locate their hosts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that host-seeking Western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, and black-legged ticks, I. scapularis, respond to microbes dwelling in sebaceous gland secretions of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, the ticks' preferred host. Using sterile wet cotton swabs, microbes were collected from the pelage of a sedated deer near forehead, preorbital, tarsal, metatarsal and interdigital glands. Swabs were plated on agar, and isolated microbes were identified by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Of 31 microbial isolates tested in still-air olfactometers, 10 microbes induced positive arrestment responses by ticks, whereas 10 others were deterrent. Of the 10 microbes prompting arrestment by ticks, four microbes-including Bacillus aryabhattai (isolates A4)-also attracted ticks in moving-air Y-tube olfactometers. All four of these microbes emitted carbon dioxide and ammonia as well as volatile blends with overlapping blend constituents. The headspace volatile extract (HVE) of B. aryabhattai (HVE-A4) synergistically enhanced the attraction of I. pacificus to CO2. A synthetic blend of HVE-A4 headspace volatiles in combination with CO2 synergistically attracted more ticks than CO2 alone. Future research should aim to develop a least complex host volatile blend that is attractive to diverse tick taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Keiran Maskell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Saif Nayani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Claire Gooding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Martín-Ramos P, Niño-Sánchez J, Diez-Hermano S, Álvarez-Taboada F, Pérez-García R, Santiago-Aliste A, Martín-Gil J, Diez-Casero JJ. Characterization of Leptoglossus occidentalis Eggs and Egg Glue. Insects 2023; 14:396. [PMID: 37103211 PMCID: PMC10143709 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, Heteroptera: Coreidae) has a significant economic impact due to the reduction in the quality and viability of conifer seed crops; it can feed on up to 40 different species of conifers, showing a clear predilection for Pinus pinea L. in Europe. Its incidence is especially relevant for the pine nut-producing industry, given that the action of this pest insect can reduce the production of pine nuts by up to 25%. As part of ongoing efforts aimed at the design of control strategies for this insect, this work focuses on the characterization (by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, GC-MS) of the compounds released by these insects during oviposition, with emphasis on the adhesive secretion that holds L. occidentalis eggs together. Elemental analysis pointed to the presence of significant amounts of compounds with high nitrogen content. Functional groups identified by infrared spectroscopy were compatible with the presence of chitin, scleroproteins, LNSP-like and gelatin proteins, shellac wax analogs, and policosanol. Regarding the chemical species identified by GC-MS, eggs and glue hydromethanolic extracts shared constituents such as butyl citrate, dibutyl itaconate, tributyl aconitate, oleic acid, oleamide, erucamide, and palmitic acid, while eggs also showed stearic and linoleic acid-related compounds. Knowledge of this composition may allow advances in new strategies to address the problem caused by L. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jonatan Niño-Sánchez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Diez-Hermano
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Flor Álvarez-Taboada
- School of Agrarian and Forest Engineering, DRACONES, Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal 41, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-García
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Santiago-Aliste
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Julio Javier Diez-Casero
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 57, 34071 Palencia, Spain
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Riddick EW, Wu Z, Chen J. Differential Susceptibility of Coleomegilla maculata and Scymnus creperus Larvae to Aggression by Solenopsis invicta Workers. Insects 2023; 14:318. [PMID: 37103133 PMCID: PMC10144948 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The biological control of aphids by aphidophagous coccinellids is often hampered by aphid-tending ants or aggressive, invasive ants foraging for food. Aggressive species such as the imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren may attack and kill coccinellid larvae. This study tested the hypothesis that wax-secreting Scymnus creperus Mulsant larvae are less susceptible than non-wax-secreting Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) larvae to S. invicta aggression. Laboratory experiments were set up using bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) nymphs and adults (as prey for coccinellids) on barley leaves in arenas with either coccinellid species and with or without S. invicta workers. The presence of S. invicta reduced aphid predation by C. maculata but not Sc. creperus. The frequency of S. invicta attack was greater for C. maculata than Sc. creperus; mortality was significantly greater for C. maculata than Sc. creperus. The wax covering on Sc. creperus reduced S. invicta aggression. Unexpectedly, Sc. creperus larvae with the wax cover removed did not suffer more S. invicta attacks or increased mortality. In conclusion, the wax cover and, perhaps, the volatile or non-volatile compounds in the wax and on the integument of Sc. creperus larvae reduce S. invicta aggression. Further research could identify the wax compounds and determine their functionality as semiochemicals against S. invicta.
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22
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Akhoundi M, Chebbah D, Elissa N, Brun S, Jan J, Lacaze I, Izri A. Volatile Organic Compounds: A Promising Tool for Bed Bug Detection. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5214. [PMID: 36982123 PMCID: PMC10048870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent decades' resurgence of bed bugs as a public health concern in industrialized countries has driven an increased interest on new sustainable insecticide-free methods to monitor and control these ectoparasites. Current methods of detection rely mainly on visual inspection or canine scent detection, which are methods that are time-consuming, require experience, are non-specific or require costly mission repetitions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered an environmentally friendly alternative and a promising approach for bed bug detection. An overview of the released literature on VOCs, their chemical characteristics and their role in bed bugs' intra- and inter-species communications allowed us to highlight the identification of 49 VOCs in Cimex lectularius (23 molecules) and C. hemipterus (26), which are emitted by both sexes during diverse compartments including aggregation (46), mating (11), defense (4), etc., and all life stages including exuviae or dead bed bugs as a principal indicator of infestation. The latter has a great importance for application of these semiochemicals in successful detection and control management of bed bugs and to prevent their further dispersion. This approach has the advantage of more reliability compared to conventional detection methods with no need for repeated inspections, household furniture moving or resident rehousing for bed bugs' VOC detection, which are commonly performed by active or passive sampling with absorbing tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-based analytical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale (SPSE), Sous-Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Prévention (SDSEP), Direction de la Santé Publique (DSP)—Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale (SPSE), Sous-Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Prévention (SDSEP), Direction de la Santé Publique (DSP)—Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Brun
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 35, Rue de la Gare, CEDEX 19, 75935 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lacaze
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Direction Santé Confort, Division Qualité Sanitaire des Ouvrages, 84, Avenue Jean Jaurès, CEDEX F-77447, 77420 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000 Marseille, France
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23
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Veršić Bratinčević M, Bego A, Nižetić Kosović I, Jukić Špika M, Burul F, Popović M, Ninčević Runjić T, Vitanović E. A Lifetime of a Dispenser-Release Rates of Olive Fruit Fly-Associated Yeast Volatile Compounds and Their Influence on Olive Fruit Fly ( Bactrocera oleae Rossi) Attraction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062431. [PMID: 36985404 PMCID: PMC10052186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the release rate, duration, and biological efficiency of yeast volatile compounds associated with olive fruit flies in slow-release dispensers, polypropylene vials, and rubber septa attached to yellow sticky traps under different environmental conditions in order to protect the environment, humans, and nontarget organisms. Isoamyl alcohol, 2-octanone, and 2-phenethyl acetate were placed in dispensers and tested over a four-week experiment. The weight loss of the volatile compounds in both dispensers was measured, and a rapid, inexpensive, and simple HS-GC/FID method was developed to determine the residual amount of volatiles in the septa. 2-Phenethyl acetate stood out in the rubber septa and showed a statistically significant difference in the release ratio compared to the other volatiles under all conditions tested. Our results showed that the attraction of olive fruit flies increased with decreasing concentrations of the tested volatiles. Regarding the number of flies attracted by rubber septa containing 2-phenethyl acetate, significantly better results were obtained than for septa containing isoamyl alcohol and 2-octanone, in contrast to the attraction of olive fruit flies to polypropylene vials containing these compounds but without significant difference. Since the presence of all tested chemicals was detected during the experiment, this opens the possibility of using more environmentally friendly and cost-effective dispensers with a significantly lower amount of semiochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Veršić Bratinčević
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Bego
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Jukić Špika
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filipa Burul
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonka Ninčević Runjić
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Elda Vitanović
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
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24
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Ladwig A, Kroll M, Schulz S. Identification and determination of the absolute configuration of amorph-4-en-10β-ol, a cadinol-type sesquiterpene from the scent glands of the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:167-175. [PMID: 36814452 PMCID: PMC9940504 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperolid reed frogs are one of the few families of Anurans known to possess glands that emit volatile compounds used in chemical communication. Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, a model species, possesses a gular gland on its vocal sac that emits chemicals, and sends visual and auditory signals during calling. Previous investigations have shown that the glandular compounds are typically macrocyclic lactones. However, in this work, we show that another major constituent of the male specific gland is (10R,1S,6R,7R,10R)-amorph-4-ene-10β-ol [(1R,4R,4aR,8aS)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol]. This compound was synthesized for the first time and has the opposite configuration to amorph-4-ene-10β-ol known from plants. A short synthesis using an organocatalytic approach through a tandem Mannich/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction led to a mixture of cadinols, which was used for the assignment of the natural cadinol structures and their stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Ladwig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Kroll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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25
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Bachmann GE, Belliard SA, Devescovi F, Nussenbaum AL, Fernández PC, Vera MT, Ruiz MJ, Segura DF. Effect of Fruit Volatiles from Native Host Plants on the Sexual Performance of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 Males. Insects 2023; 14:188. [PMID: 36835757 PMCID: PMC9964522 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1 males are sexually stimulated by the aroma of fruit of its native host Psidium guajava (guava). Other hosts, which are exotic to A. fraterculus, do not enhance male sexual behavior. Here we evaluate the effects of fruit volatile exposure on male A. fraterculus sp. 1 sexual performance using other native hosts, under the hypothesis that male improvement derives from a common evolutionary history between A. fraterculus sp. 1 and its native hosts. Four species were evaluated: Eugenia myrcianthes, Juglans australis, Psidium cattleianum, and Acca sellowiana. Guava was used as a positive control. Males were exposed to fruit from 12:00 pm to 4:00 pm, from day 8 to day 11 post-emergence. On day 12, we evaluated their calling behavior and mating success. Both guava and P. cattleianum enhanced calling behavior. Mating success was enhanced only by guava and a trend was found for P. cattleianum. Interestingly, the two hosts belong to the Psidium genus. A volatile analysis is planned to identify the compounds responsible for this phenomenon. The other native fruits did not improve the sexual behavior of males. Implications of our findings in the management of A. fraterculus sp. 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Enrique Bachmann
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Anahí Belliard
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Devescovi
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Nussenbaum
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Carina Fernández
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Vera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Provincia de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Ruiz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Provincia de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Segura
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Tommasi A, Tredoux AGJ, Koziel JA, Esposito G. The Effect of a Synthetic Scent on Cheetah Behaviour. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36766257 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In cheetahs, age at first parturition correlates negatively with reproductive lifespan (asymmetric reproductive aging); therefore, breeding cheetahs at a young age is essential to maximize reproductive performance in this species. However, younger females display a significantly reduced frequency of copulatory behaviour, which negatively affects breeding. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to regulate appropriate behavioural responses in various species, including reproductive behaviour; moreover, they have proven to play a role in captive breeding methods in cheetahs, as well as mate choice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a synthetic scent (SS) on the frequency of the five oestrous behaviour(s) (sniff, rub, roll, spray, and meow-chirp) known to be indicative of oestrus in female cheetahs. Based on the results of a previous study from our research group, five VOCs, identified in the marking fluid of male cheetahs, and known to be pheromones involved in reproductive behaviour, were used to create the SS. This was accomplished by mixing benzaldehyde, acetophenone, indole, dimethyl disulphide and phenol with (99.9%) ethanol. Seven female cheetahs were then observed for one oestrus cycle without stimulation (control) and then once again while exposed to the SS (treatment), which was sprayed on foil trays placed around the outside of each enclosure. The occurrence of the five oestrous behaviours was recorded and tallied per day of observations. Although the SS did not have a significant effect on the frequency of oestrous behaviours displayed by the females used in this study, five of the seven (71%) did show an increase in their behaviour with the SS when oestrogen concentrations were at their highest (peak oestrus), including three of the four younger females. The SS also significantly increased the sniffing behaviour in general. Although the results of this study do indicate that VOCs influence cheetahs and their behaviour, firm conclusions cannot be drawn due to the low number of animals used, as well as the significant effect the observation methods had on the results. Nonetheless, this study represents the first of this kind in cheetahs, therefore representing an important step in determining the role of VOCs in aiding breeding in captivity.
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Ponce MA, Lizarraga S, Bruce A, Kim TN, Morrison WR. Grain Inoculated with Different Growth Stages of the Fungus, Aspergillus flavus, Affect the Close-Range Foraging Behavior by a Primary Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environ Entomol 2022; 51:927-939. [PMID: 35964294 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although some research has investigated the interactions among stored product insects and microbes, little research has examined how specific fungal life stages affect volatile emissions in grain and linked it to the behavior of Sitophilus oryzae, the cosmopolitan rice weevil. Thus, our goals were to 1) isolate, culture, and identify two fungal life stages of Aspergillus flavus, 2) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated by each fungal morphotype, and 3) understand how microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from each fungal morphotype affect foraging, attraction, and preference by S. oryzae. We hypothesized that the headspace blends would be unique among our treatments and that this will lead to preferential mobility by S. oryzae among treatments. Using headspace collection coupled with GC-MS, we found the sexual life stage of A. flavus had the most unique emissions of MVOCs compared to the other semiochemical treatments. This translated to a higher interaction with kernels containing grain with the A. flavus sexual life stage, as well as a higher cumulative time spent in those zones by S. oryzae in a video-tracking assay in comparison to the asexual life stage. While fungal cues were important for foraging at close-range, the release-recapture assay indicated that grain volatiles were more important for attraction at longer distances. There was no significant preference between grain and MVOCs in a four-way olfactometer. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how fungal cues affect the close and longer range foraging ecology of a primarily stored product insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bruce
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
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28
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Faal H, Meier LR, Canlas IJ, Murman K, Wallace M, Carrillo D, Cooperband MF. Volatiles from male honeydew excretions attract conspecific male spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:982965. [PMID: 38468787 PMCID: PMC10926466 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.982965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a generalist phloem feeder that produces copious amounts of honeydew, which in turn coats the understory. These insects form large aggregations covering the trunks of some trees, while similar trees nearby mysteriously seem unattractive. We investigated whether volatiles from SLF honeydew are attractive to conspecifics by collecting honeydew from the field and testing it for SLF attraction in a two-choice olfactometer. We found that honeydew excreted by adult male SLF was significantly attractive to male SLF, but not female SLF. Although the honeydew excreted by adult female SLF did not significantly attract male or female SLF, both sexes showed a positive trend towards attraction in response to female honeydew in the olfactometer. Analysis of the headspace volatiles of honeydew was conducted, and numerous semiochemicals were identified. Five of which, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, benzyl acetate, and 1-nonanol, were tested in two-choice behavioral assays against a blank control. Benzyl acetate and 2-octanone were attractive to both sexes, whereas 2-heptanone was only attractive to males, and 2-nonanone only to females. The remaining compound, 1-nonanol, repelled females, but not males. Although honeydew has been reported as a source of kairomones for some natural enemies, this may be the first report of sex-specific attractants for conspecific insects found in the honeydew volatiles of a planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Faal
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Linnea R. Meier
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Isaiah J. Canlas
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Kelly Murman
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Biology Department, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Miriam F. Cooperband
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA‐APHIS‐PPQ‐S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
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29
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Chen P, Dai C, Liu H, Hou M. Identification of Key Headspace Volatile Compounds Signaling Preference for Rice over Corn in Adult Females of the Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9826-9833. [PMID: 35916419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are important for herbivorous insects in locating their host plants. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is a devastating migratory insect pest of rice in Asian countries. Although C. medinalis can develop even better on corn than on rice plants in insectaries, it rarely occurs on corn plants in the field. We hypothesized that plant volatile-mediated oviposition preference for rice over corn in adult females may be the reason for the observed rare field occurrence of the pest on corn plants. The present study was conducted to identify the olfactory active volatile compounds (OAVCs) that enable C. medinalis females to discriminate rice from corn plants. In cage tests, rice plants were highly preferred for oviposition over corn plants by C. medinalis females. From headspace, chemical analyses identified 15 rice unique, 8 corn unique, and 28 common volatile compounds. Fourteen OAVCs, including seven common, five rice unique, and two corn unique, were determined. In electroantennogram tests, the rice unique and common OAVCs activated the antennal responses in C. medinalis. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, (E)-2-hexenal and 3-hexanol(common OAVCs) and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (rice unique OAVCs) attracted more C. medinalis females than the control, and only blends with both rice unique and common OAVCs were highly preferred over the control. Our results provide insights into the chemical cues used by C. medinalis adult females in host location, which may aid the development of novel crop protection strategies based on the manipulation of host-finding behaviors of C. medinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changgen Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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30
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Smith D, Jheeta S, Fuentes HV, Palacios-Pérez M. Feeding Our Microbiota: Stimulation of the Immune/Semiochemical System and the Potential Amelioration of Non-Communicable Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1197. [PMID: 36013376 DOI: 10.3390/life12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are those conditions to which causative infectious agents cannot readily be assigned. It is increasingly likely that at least some of these conditions are due to the breakdown of the previously mutualistic intestinal microbiota under the influence of a polluted, biocide-rich, environment. Following the mid-20th century African studies of Denis Burkitt, the environmental cause of conditions such as obesity has been ascribed to the absence of sufficient fibre in the modern diet, however in itself that is insufficient to explain the parallel rise of problems with both the immune system and of mental health. Conversely, Burkitt himself noted that the Maasai, a cattle herding people, remained healthy even with their relatively low intake of dietary fibre. Interestingly, however, Burkitt also emphasised that levels of non-communicable disease within a population rose as faecal weight decreased significantly, to about one third of the levels found in healthy populations. Accordingly, a more cogent explanation for all the available facts is that the fully functioning, adequately diverse microbiome, communicating through what has been termed the microbiota–gut–brain axis, helps to control the passage of food through the digestive tract to provide itself with the nutrition it needs. The method of communication is via the production of semiochemicals, interkingdom signalling molecules, potentially including dopamine. In turn, the microbiome aids the immune system of both adult and, most importantly, the neonate. In this article we consider the role of probiotics and prebiotics, including fermented foods and dietary fibre, in the stimulation of the immune system and of semiochemical production in the gut lumen. Finally, we reprise our suggestion of an ingestible sensor, calibrated to the detection of such semiochemicals, to assess both the effectiveness of individual microbiomes and methods of amelioration of the associated non-communicable diseases.
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Roggatz CC, Saha M, Blanchard S, Schirrmacher P, Fink P, Verheggen F, Hardege JD. Becoming nose-blind-Climate change impacts on chemical communication. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4495-4505. [PMID: 35574993 PMCID: PMC9321854 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication via infochemicals plays a pivotal role in ecological interactions, allowing organisms to sense their environment, locate predators, food, habitats, or mates. A growing number of studies suggest that climate change-associated stressors can modify these chemically mediated interactions, causing info-disruption that scales up to the ecosystem level. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is scarce. Evidenced by a range of examples, we illustrate in this opinion piece that climate change affects different realms in similar patterns, from molecular to ecosystem-wide levels. We assess the importance of different stressors for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems and propose a systematic approach to address highlighted knowledge gaps and cross-disciplinary research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Solène Blanchard
- Department of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversité de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Patrick Fink
- Department River EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZMagdeburgGermany
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and ManagementHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZMagdeburgGermany
| | - François Verheggen
- Department of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversité de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Jörg D. Hardege
- Department of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of HullHullUK
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Niu Y, Han S, Wu Z, Pan C, Wang M, Tang Y, Zhang QH, Tan G, Han B. A push-pull strategy for controlling the tea green leafhopper (Empoasca flavescens F.) using semiochemicals from Tagetes erecta and Flemingia macrophylla. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:2161-2172. [PMID: 35179311 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens is the most important pest in Chinese tea plantations. For decades its control has been executed almost exclusively through pesticide applications. A semiochemical-based 'push-pull' strategy was tested on the leafhopper in the study. RESULTS The odors released from Tagetes erecta and Flemingia macrophylla significantly repelled and attracted leafhoppers, respectively. These volatile compounds (46 from T. erecta and 53 F. macrophylla) were identified and quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS) analysis. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that thymol anisole, thymol and camphor had significant repellent effects on the leafhoppers, resulting in a ternary repellent blend at a 4:3:13 ratio. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, nonanal and α-farnesene were significantly attractive to the leafhoppers, making an attractant blend at a 17:4:1:1 ratio. In the field, the push-pull strategy with the repellent dispensers placed within the tea bushes and the attractant-baited sticky traps hung 15 cm above the tea plants showed a significant control efficacy, reaching 69% and 55% at two and 14 days post-treatment, respectively, similar to those in the insecticide control plots. Additionally, the leafhopper density in the push-pull intercropping plot was 63.2 leafhoppers/100 tea shoots/visit, much lower than those in the pull intercropping plot and nonintercropping plot. CONCLUSION Application of the push-pull strategy using both synthetic repellent and attractant, or intercropping T. erecta and F. macrophylla with tea plants, can effectively reduce the leafhopper population. This approach might have great potential as an environmentally safe control strategy against the leafhopper. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqun Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihui Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Genjia Tan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Agbessenou A, Akutse KS, Yusuf AA, Khamis FM. The Endophyte Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 Induces the Systemic Release of Methyl Salicylate and ( Z)-jasmone in Tomato Plant Affecting Host Location and Herbivory of Tuta absoluta. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:860309. [PMID: 35449888 PMCID: PMC9016226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of endophytic fungi has dramatically increased plant performance through the enhancement of plant protection against abiotic and biotic stressors. We previously demonstrated that the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 improves tomato defenses against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta through the reduction of oviposition, leafmining, pupation, and adult emergence. However, the underlying mechanism by which the presence of this endophytic fungus within tomato host plant affects T. absoluta host selection and life-history traits is unknown. We tested the behavioral responses of T. absoluta in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays and found that females preferred non-inoculated tomato plants against those inoculated by endophytes. Additionally, T. absoluta females were not attracted to non-inoculated infested nor to inoculated-infested tomato plants. Chemical analysis revealed the emission of methyl salicylate in inoculated tomato plant and an increase in the amounts of monoterpenes emitted from non-inoculated infested plants. Additionally, we found that upon herbivory, T. asperellum M2RT4 modulates tomato plant chemistry through the production of (Z)-jasmone thus activating both salicylic and jasmonic acid defense pathways. Further, T. absoluta females were attracted to monoterpernes including α-pinene, 2-carene, and β-phellandrene but repelled by methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate could therefore be considered as a good semiochemical-based candidate for sustainable T. absoluta management using a "push-pull" approach. However, in dose-response bioassays, females of T. absoluta did not show any preference to the four component-blend (α-pinene, 2-carene, β-phellandrene, and methyl salicylate). (Z)-jasmone-treated tomato leaflets significantly reduced the leafmining activity of the pest at the concentration of 10 ng/μL and causing the highest larval mortality rate (83%) with the shortest LT50 (1.73 days) 7 days post-treatment. T. asperellum M2RT4 effect on herbivore performance was then (Z)-jasmone-mediated. These findings expand our understanding of how the endophytic fungus T. asperellum M2RT4 could mediate chemical interactions between T. absoluta and its host plant which are potentially important for development of environmentally friendly T. absoluta management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaovi Agbessenou
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abdullahi A. Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Rehermann G, Spitaler U, Sahle K, Cossu CS, Donne LD, Bianchi F, Eisenstecken D, Angeli S, Schmidt S, Becher PG. Behavioral manipulation of Drosophila suzukii for pest control: high attraction to yeast enhances insecticide efficacy when applied on leaves. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:896-904. [PMID: 34716651 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii attacks fresh soft-skinned fruit. Broad-spectrum insecticides are implemented for control but there is a need to reduce environmental risks and insecticide residues on fruits. Hanseniaspora uvarum is a yeast frequently found on ripe fruits and associated with D. suzukii. We aim to exploit the ecological association and attraction of D. suzukii to H. uvarum by developing an attract-and-kill strategy, with spray-application on canopy but not fruit. We therefore investigated D. suzukii attraction, egg-laying and mortality when exposed to insecticidal yeast-based formulations. RESULTS Hanseniaspora uvarum strongly attracted D. suzukii when applied on leaves of grapevine, Vitis vinifera. Notably, this attractiveness was competitive to ripe grape berries that were susceptible to D. suzukii infestation. Moreover, adding H. uvarum enhanced the efficacy of insecticidal formulations against D. suzukii. Flies exposed to leaves treated with yeast-insecticide formulations showed higher mortality and laid a lower number of eggs compared to flies exposed to insecticide alone. In a wind tunnel, all treatments containing H. uvarum alone or in combination with insecticides, caused similar upwind flight and landing at the odor source, which provides evidence that the addition of insecticide did not reduce D. suzukii attraction to yeast. CONCLUSION Hanseniaspora uvarum can be used to manipulate the behavior of D. suzukii by attracting flies to insecticide formulations. Yeast attraction is competitive to grape berries and improves insecticide effectiveness, suggesting that sprays covering canopy only, could reduce residues on fruit without compromising management efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rehermann
- Chemical Ecology - Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Urban Spitaler
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Sahle
- Chemical Ecology - Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Carlo S Cossu
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Lorenz Delle Donne
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Bianchi
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Institute for Agricultural Chemistry and Food Quality, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Daniela Eisenstecken
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Institute for Agricultural Chemistry and Food Quality, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Schmidt
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Paul G Becher
- Chemical Ecology - Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Tsikolia M, Tabanca N, Kline DL, Demirci B, Yang L, Linthicum KJ, Bloomquist JR, Bernier UR. Studies on the Volatiles Composition of Stored Sheep Wool, and Attractancy toward Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Insects 2022; 13:208. [PMID: 35206782 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To discover new natural materials for insect management, commercially available stored sheep wool was investigated for attractancy to female adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The volatiles from sheep wool were collected by various techniques of headspace (HS) extractions and hydrodistillation. These extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled with GC-MS. Fifty-two volatile compounds were detected, many of them known for their mosquito attractant activity. Seven compounds were not previously reported in sheep products. The volatile composition of the extracts varied significantly across collections, depending on the extraction techniques or types of fibers applied. Two types of bioassay were conducted to study attractancy of the sheep wool volatiles to mosquitoes: laboratory bioassays using glass tubes, and semi-field bioassays using large, screened outdoor cages. In bioassays with glass tubes, the sheep wool hydrodistillate and its main component, thialdine, did not show any significant attractant activity against female adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Semi-field bioassays in two large screened outdoor cages, each equipped with a U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap and the various bait setups with Vortex apparatus, revealed that vibrating wool improved mosquito catches compared to the setups without wool or with wool but not vibrating. Sheep wool, when vibrated, may release intensively volatile compounds, which could serve as olfactory cues, and play significant role in making the bait attractive to mosquitoes. Sheep wool is a readily available, affordable, and environment-friendly material. It should have the potential to be used as a mosquito management and surveillance component in dynamic bait setups.
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Resetarits WJ, Breech TM, Bohenek JR, Pintar MR. Cue reduction or general cue masking do not underlie generalized chemical camouflage in pirate perch. Ecology 2021; 103:e3625. [PMID: 34970743 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Avoiding detection is perhaps the ultimate weapon for both predators and prey. Chemosensory detection of predators via waterborne or airborne cues (predator-released kairomones) is a key prey adaptation in aquatic ecosystems. Pirate perch, Aphredoderus sayanus, a largely insectivorous mesopredatory fish, are considered to be chemically camouflaged because they are unavoided by all colonizing organisms tested, including treefrogs and aquatic insects, despite stronger predatory effects on target taxa than several avoided fish. To address the mechanism behind camouflage we used aquatic insect colonization as a bioassay to test 1) whether increasing pirate perch density/biomass leads to increased avoidance, and 2) whether pirate perch mask heterospecific fish kairomones. Insect abundances, species richness, and community structure showed no response to pirate perch density. Lastly, pirate perch did not mask the kairomones of heterospecific predatory fish. Results support the idea that fish kairomones are species-specific, and chemical camouflage is driven by a unique chemical signature that is either undetectable or has no negative associations for colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Resetarits
- Department of Biology and Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Biodiversity and Conservation Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Tyler M Breech
- Department of Biology and Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Biodiversity and Conservation Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Jason R Bohenek
- Department of Biology and Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Biodiversity and Conservation Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Matthew R Pintar
- Department of Biology and Centers for Water and Wetlands Resources, and Biodiversity and Conservation Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
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Thöming G. Behavior Matters-Future Need for Insect Studies on Odor-Mediated Host Plant Recognition with the Aim of Making Use of Allelochemicals for Plant Protection. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:10469-10479. [PMID: 34482687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Allelochemicals, chemical cues that, among other things, mediate insect-plant interactions, such as host plant recognition, have attracted notable interest as tools for ecological control of pest insects. Advances have recently been made in methods for sampling and analyzing volatile compounds and technology for tracking insects in their natural habitat. However, progress in odor-mediated behavioral bioassays of insects has been relatively slow. This perspective highlights this odor-mediated insect behavior, particularly in a natural setting and considering the whole behavioral sequence involved in the host location, which is the key to understanding the mechanisms underlying host plant recognition. There is thus a need to focus on elaborate behavioral bioassays in future studies, particularly if the goal is to use allelochemicals in pest control. Future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Thöming
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 7, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
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Liu H, Tang Y, Wang Q, Shi H, Yin J, Li C. Identification and Characterization of an Antennae-Specific Glutathione S-Transferase From the Indian Meal Moth. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727619. [PMID: 34512396 PMCID: PMC8427598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) play essential roles in metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds. GSTs that are uniquely expressed in antennae are assumed to function as scavengers of pheromones and host volatiles in the odorant detection system. Based on this assumption, antennae-specific GSTs have been identified and functionally characterized in increasing number of insect species. In the present study, 17 putative GSTs were identified from the antennal transcriptomic dataset of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, a severe stored-grain pest worldwide. Among the GSTs, only PiGSTd1 is antennae-specific according to both Fragments Per Kilobase Million (FPKM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that PiGSTd1 has a similar identity as many delta GSTs from other moths. Enzyme kinetic assays using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates showed that the recombinant PiGSTd1 gave a Km of 0.2292 ± 0.01805 mM and a Vmax of 14.02 ± 0.2545 μmol·mg−1·min−1 under the optimal catalytic conditions (35°C and pH = 7.5). Further analysis revealed that the recombinant PiGSTd1 could efficiently degrade the sex pheromone component Z9-12:Ac (75.63 ± 5.52%), as well as aldehyde volatiles, including hexanal (89.10 ± 2.21%), heptanal (63.19 ± 5.36%), (E)-2-octenal (73.58 ± 3.92%), (E)-2-nonenal (75.81 ± 1.90%), and (E)-2-decenal (61.13 ± 5.24%). Taken together, our findings suggest that PiGSTd1 may play essential roles in degrading and inactivating a variety of odorants, especially sex pheromones and host volatiles of P. interpunctella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yin Tang
- College of plant protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qinying Wang
- College of plant protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongzhong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jian Yin
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, China
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Đukić N, Andrić G, Glinwood R, Ninkovic V, Andjelković B, Radonjić A. The effect of 1-pentadecene on Tribolium castaneum behaviour: Repellent or attractant? Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4034-4039. [PMID: 33896101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in stored products is mediated by food volatiles and other semiochemicals. RESULTS In two-way olfactometer assays, T. castaneum was more attracted to wheat bran previously infested with conspecifics than to uninfested bran. Chemical analysis showed that 1-pentadecene was present in the headspace of T. castaneum-infested wheat bran, but not detectable in the headspace of uninfested bran. An olfactometer was used to test the effect on T. castaneum behaviour of 1-pentadecene, and of volatiles from wheat bran with and without 1-pentadecene. The lowest concentration of 1-pentadecene exhibited an attractive effect, compared to the control (n-hexane). Slightly higher concentrations showed a neutral effect, while the highest concentrations repelled T. castaneum. Wheat bran with a low 1-pentadecene concentration was more attractive than wheat bran alone, whereas higher concentrations of 1-pentadecene were repellent. CONCLUSION The results provide important information on intraspecific, semiochemical-mediated behaviour in T. castaneum, which could potentially be used to develop new methods to monitor the flour beetles in stored products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Đukić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Andrić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Glinwood
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Velemir Ninkovic
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Andja Radonjić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ninkovic V, Glinwood R, Ünlü AG, Ganji S, Unelius CR. Effects of Methyl Salicylate on Host Plant Acceptance and Feeding by the Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:710268. [PMID: 34484270 PMCID: PMC8415113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a volatile shown to act as an inducer of plant defense against pathogens and certain herbivores, particularly aphids. It has been shown to have potential for aphid pest management, but knowledge on its mode of action is lacking, particularly induced plant-mediated effects. This study investigated the effects of exposing plants to MeSA on the host searching, host acceptance and feeding behavior of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Barley plants were exposed to volatile MeSA for 24 h, after which biological effects were tested immediately after the exposure (Day 0), and then 1, 3 and 5 days after the end of the exposure. Aphid settling on MeSA-exposed plants was significantly reduced on days 0, 1 and 3, but not on day 5. In olfactometer tests, aphids preferred the odor of unexposed plants on days 1 and 3, but not on day 0 or 5. Analysis of volatiles from exposed and unexposed plants showed higher levels of MeSA from exposed plants, most likely absorbed and re-released from plant surfaces, but also specific changes in other plant volatiles on days 0, 1 and 3. High doses of MeSA did not affect aphid orientation in an olfactometer, but lower doses were repellent. Analysis of aphid feeding by Electronic penetration graph (EPG) showed that MeSA exposure resulted in resistance factors in barley plants, including surface factors and induced systemic factors in other tissues including the phloem. The results support the potential of MeSA as a potential tool for management of aphid pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velemir Ninkovic
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Glinwood
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayse Gül Ünlü
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh Ganji
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - C. Rikard Unelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Ponce MA, Kim TN, Morrison III WR. A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Responses by Stored-Product Arthropods to Individual or Blends of Microbially Produced Volatile Cues. Insects 2021; 12:391. [PMID: 33925242 PMCID: PMC8145595 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous and play important ecological roles in a variety of habitats. While research has been largely focused on arthropods and microbes separately in the post-harvest supply chain, less attention has been paid to their interactions with each other. Up to this point, there has been no attempt to systematically describe the patterns of behavioral responses by stored-product insects to microbially produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). Thus, our aims were to evaluate whether stored-product arthropods were primarily and significantly attracted, repelled, or had a net neutral effect (e.g., unaffected or mixed) by MVOCs presented as (1) complex headspace blends or (2) single constituents and known mixtures. In total, we found 43 articles that contained 384 sets of tests with different combinations of methodology and/or qualitative findings, describing the behavioral responses of 24 stored-product arthropod species from two classes, four orders, and 14 families to 58 individual microbial compounds and the complex headspace blends from at least 78 microbial taxa. A total of five and four stored-product arthropod species were significantly attracted and repelled by MVOCs across odor sources, respectively, while 13 were unaffected or exhibited mixed effects. We summarize the biases in the literature, including that the majority of tests have occurred in the laboratory with a limited subset of methodology and has largely only assessed the preference of adult arthropods. Finally, we identify foundational hypotheses for the roles that MVOCs play for stored-product arthropods as well as gaps in research and future directions, while highlighting that the behavioral responses to MVOCs are complex, context-, and taxon-dependent, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Tania N. Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin Place, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - William R. Morrison III
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
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Zhang X, Liu P, Qin Q, Li M, Meng R, Zhang T. Characterizing the Role of Orco Gene in Detecting Aggregation Pheromone and Food Resources in Protaetia brevitarsis Leiws (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Front Physiol 2021; 12:649590. [PMID: 33927641 PMCID: PMC8076894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate olfactory system for recognizing semiochemicals and environmental chemical signals plays crucial roles in survival and reproduction of insects. Among all olfaction-related proteins, olfactory receptors (ORs) contribute to the conversion of chemical stimuli to electric signals and thereby are vital in odorant recognition. Olfactory receptor co-receptor (Orco), one of the most conserved ORs, is extremely essential in recognizing odorants through forming a ligand-gated ion channel complex with conventional ligand-binding odorant receptors. We have previously identified aggregation pheromone in Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a native agricultural and horticultural pest in East-Asia. However, to our best knowledge, its olfaction recognition mechanisms are still veiled. To illustrate how P. brevitarsis recognize aggregation pheromone and host plants, in the present study we cloned and sequenced the full-length Orco gene from P. brevitarsis antennae (named PbreOrco) and found that PbreOrco is highly conserved and similar to Orcos from other Coleoptera insects. Our real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that PbreOrco is mainly expressed in antenna. We also demonstrated that silencing PbreOrco using RNA interference through injecting dsOrco fragment significantly inhibited PbreOrco expression in comparison with injecting control dsGFP and subsequently revealed using electroantennogram and behavioral bioassays that decreasing PbreOrco transcript abundance significantly impaired the responses of P. brevitarsis to intraspecific aggregation pheromone and prolonged the time of P. brevitarsis spending on food seeking. Overall, our results demonstrated that PbreOrco is crucial in mediating odorant perception in P. brevitarsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Panjing Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Qiuju Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Runjie Meng
- Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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43
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Ballesteros C, Romero A, Castro MC, Miranda S, Bergmann J, Zaviezo T. Mating Disruption of Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Fruit Crops. Insects 2021; 12:insects12040343. [PMID: 33924297 PMCID: PMC8069303 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The citrophilous mealybug is an economically important pest that is mainly controlled using insecticides, not always successfully, and with unintended negative environmental side effects. In our research, we tested a specific and sustainable control tool using the mealybug sex pheromone. Mating disruption is a technique that aims to reduce mating between males and females by inundating the area with the synthetic sex pheromone of the species, thereby reducing reproduction and consequently populations over time and damage. For this purpose, the mealybug pheromone, incorporated into a polymeric substance for its release, was applied in a tangerine and an apple orchard, in two seasons (2017/2018 and 2019/2020). In all seasons, a reduction in the males catches in traps after deploying pheromone was observed, which would indicate a decrease in the probability of successful mating compared to control plots. The duration of this effect was around one year. Mealybug abundance on trees was extremely low throughout the trials, so it was not possible to observe a reduction of populations or damage. This research shows that the use of this pheromone-based technique has good potential for controlling the citrophilous mealybug, with the advantage of being environmentally friendly and non-toxic. Abstract Pseudococcus calceolariae, the citrophilous mealybug, is a species of economic importance. Mating disruption (MD) is a potential control tool. During 2017–2020, trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of P. calceolariae MD in an apple and a tangerine orchard. Two pheromone doses, 6.32 g/ha (2017–2018) and 9.45 g/ha (2019–2020), were tested. The intermediate season (2018–2019) was evaluated without pheromone renewal to study the persistence of the pheromone effect. Male captures in pheromone traps, mealybug population/plant, percentage of infested fruit at harvest and mating disruption index (MDI) were recorded regularly. In both orchards, in the first season, male captures were significantly lower in MD plots compared to control plots, with an MDI > 94% in the first month after pheromone deployment. During the second season, significantly lower male captures in MD plots were still observed, with an average MDI of 80%. At the third season, male captures were again significant lower in MD than control plots shortly after pheromone applications. In both orchards, population by visual inspection and infested fruits were very low, without differences between MD and control plots. These results show the potential use of mating disruption for the control of P. calceolariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ballesteros
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.B.); (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Alda Romero
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.B.); (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - María Colomba Castro
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.B.); (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sofía Miranda
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.B.); (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Tania Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.B.); (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Lepidoptera are used as a model for the study of insect olfactory proteins. Among them, odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs), that degrade odorant molecules to maintain the sensitivity of antennae, have received less attention. In particular, antennal esterases (AEs; responsible for ester degradation) are crucial for intraspecific communication in Lepidoptera. Currently, transcriptomic and genomic studies have provided AEs in several species. However, efforts in gene annotation, classification, and functional assignment are still lacking. Therefore, we propose to combine evidence at evolutionary, structural, and functional level to update ODEs as well as key information into an easier classification, particularly of AEs. Finally, the kinetic parameters for putative inhibition of ODEs are discussed in terms of its role in future integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Godoy
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Machuca
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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45
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Poirier AC, Waterhouse JS, Dunn JC, Smith AC. Scent Marks Signal Species, Sex, and Reproductive Status in Tamarins (Saguinus spp., Neotropical Primates). Chem Senses 2021; 46:6168037. [PMID: 33704442 PMCID: PMC8130507 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory communication is an important mediator of social interactions in mammals, thought to provide information about an individual’s identity and current social, reproductive, and health status. In comparison with other taxa such as carnivores and rodents, few studies have examined primate olfactory communication. Tamarins (Callitrichidae) conspicuously deposit odorous secretions, produced by specialized scent glands, in their environment. In this study, we combined behavioral and chemical data on captive cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and bearded emperor tamarins, S. imperator subgrisescens, to examine the role of olfactory communication in the advertisement of species, sex, and reproductive status. We observed no difference in scent-marking behavior between species; however, females marked more frequently than males, and reproductive individuals more than non-reproductive ones. In addition, tamarins predominantly used their anogenital gland when scent-marking, followed by the suprapubic gland. We collected swabs of naturally deposited tamarin anogenital scent marks, and analyzed these samples using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Despite a limited sample size, we established differences in tamarin anogenital mark chemical composition between species, sex and reproductive status, and identified 41 compounds. The compounds identified, many of which have been reported in previous work on mammalian semiochemistry, form targets for future bioassay studies to identify semiochemicals. Our non-invasive method for collecting deposited scent marks makes it a promising method for the study of olfactory communication in scent-marking animal species, applicable to field settings and for the study of elusive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Poirier
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Canada.,School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jacob C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew C Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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46
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Ochola J, Coyne D, Cortada L, Haukeland S, Ng'ang'a M, Hassanali A, Opperman C, Torto B. Cyst nematode bio-communication with plants: implications for novel management approaches. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:1150-1159. [PMID: 32985781 PMCID: PMC7894489 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bio-communication occurs when living organisms interact with each other, facilitated by the exchange of signals including visual, auditory, tactile and chemical. The most common form of bio-communication between organisms is mediated by chemical signals, commonly referred to as 'semiochemicals', and it involves an emitter releasing the chemical signal that is detected by a receiver leading to a phenotypic response in the latter organism. The quality and quantity of the chemical signal released may be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Bio-communication has been reported to occur in both above- and below-ground interactions and it can be exploited for the management of pests, such as cyst nematodes, which are pervasive soil-borne pests that cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Cyst nematode hatching and successful infection of hosts are biological processes that are largely influenced by semiochemicals including hatching stimulators, hatching inhibitors, attractants and repellents. These semiochemicals can be used to disrupt interactions between host plants and cyst nematodes. Advances in RNAi techniques such as host-induced gene silencing to interfere with cyst nematode hatching and host location can also be exploited for development of synthetic resistant host cultivars. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Ochola
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
- Chemistry DepartmentKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Danny Coyne
- East Africa, International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
- Department of Biology, Section NematologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Laura Cortada
- East Africa, International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
- Department of Biology, Section NematologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Solveig Haukeland
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | | | | | - Charles Opperman
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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47
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Kühnholz S, Gries R, Borden JH. Semiochemical-based Reproductive Isolation Among Sympatric Species of Trypodendron (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Environ Entomol 2021; 50:76-85. [PMID: 33184654 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trypodendron retusum (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) females excised from newly attacked trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michaux (Salicaceae), were shown for the first time to produce the aggregation pheromone (+)-lineatin. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis (GC-EAD) disclosed that the antennae of T. retusum, as well as the antennae of three sympatric species, native T. lineatum (Olivier) and T. rufitarsus (Kirby) and exotic T. domesticum (L.), respond to synthetic (+)-lineatin, but not the (-) enantiomer. In contrast, the antennae of T. betulae Swaine responded to SR- and RR-linalool oxide pyranoid and did not detect lineatin. GC-EAD analysis of volatiles from host and nonhost tree species revealed that conifer-produced α-pinene and angiosperm-produced conophthorin and salicylaldehyde were perceived by the antennae of all three native lineatin-perceiving species, suggesting behavioral activity. Field trapping experiments showed that salicylaldehyde synergized the response of coastal, but not interior, T. retusum to lineatin and inhibited the response of T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus. In the absence of salicylaldehyde, α-pinene appeared to inhibit the response of interior T. retusum to lineatin, while for T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus it had an apparent positive additive or synergistic effect. No behavioral response occurred to conophthorin. The results provide evidence for semiochemical-based reproductive isolation between T. retusum and T. betulae, and between these two angiosperm-infesting species and the two conifer-infesting species. They do not explain how isolation could be maintained between T. lineatum and T. rufitarsus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - John H Borden
- JHB Consulting, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
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48
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Poirier AC, Waterhouse JS, Watsa M, Erkenswick GA, Moreira LAA, Tang J, Dunn JC, Melin AD, Smith AC. On the trail of primate scent signals: A field analysis of callitrichid scent-gland secretions by portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23236. [PMID: 33534928 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemosignals are mediators of social interactions in mammals, providing con- and hetero-specifics with information on fixed (e.g., species, sex, group, and individual identity) and variable (e.g., social, reproductive, and health status) features of the signaler. Yet, methodological difficulties of recording and quantifying odor signals, especially in field conditions, have hampered studies of natural systems. We present the first use of the Torion® portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument for in situ chemical analysis of primate scents. We collected and analyzed swab samples from the scent glands and skin from 13 groups (57 individuals) of two sympatric species of wild emperor tamarins, Saguinus imperator, and Weddell's saddleback tamarins, Leontocebus weddelli (Callitrichidae). In total, 11 compounds of interest (i.e., probably derived from the animals) could be detected in the samples, with 31 of 215 samples containing at least one compound of interest. The composition of these 31 samples varied systematically with species, group, sex, and breeding status. Moreover, we tentatively identified seven of the compounds of interest as methyl hexanoate, benzaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, acetophenone, a branched C15 alkane, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, and hexadecan-1-ol. As the field of primate semiochemistry continues to grow, we believe that portable GC-MS instruments have the potential to help make progress in the study of primate chemosignaling in field conditions, despite limitations that we encountered. We further provide recommendations for future use of the Torion® portable GC-MS for in situ analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Poirier
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mrinalini Watsa
- Population Sustainability, Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, California, USA.,Field Projects International, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gideon A Erkenswick
- Field Projects International, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Missouri St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laís A A Moreira
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jacob C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andrew C Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) consist of complex mixtures of straight-chain alkanes and alkenes, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons. In addition to restricting water loss through the cuticle and preventing desiccation, they have secondarily evolved to serve a variety of functions in chemical communication and play critical roles as signals mediating the life histories of insects. In this review, we describe the physical properties of CHCs that allow for both waterproofing and signaling functions, summarize their roles as inter- and intraspecific chemical signals, and discuss the influences of diet and environment on CHC profiles. We also present advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon biosynthesis. Hydrocarbons are biosynthesized in oenocytes and transported to the cuticle by lipophorin proteins. Recent work on the synthesis of fatty acids and their ultimate reductive decarbonylation to hydrocarbons has taken advantage of powerful new tools of molecular biology, including genomics and RNA interference knockdown of specific genes, to provide new insights into the biosynthesis of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Blomquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
| | - Matthew D Ginzel
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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50
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Singh DK, Hari Dass SA, Abdulai-Saiku S, Vyas A. Corrigendum: Testosterone Acts Within the Medial Amygdala of Rats to Reduce Innate Fear to Predator Odor Akin to the Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:735656. [PMID: 34566729 PMCID: PMC8459772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00630.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Samira Abdulai-Saiku
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajai Vyas
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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