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Goane L, Carrizo BN, Ruiz MJ, Bachmann GE, Milla FH, Segura DF, Kuzmich D, Walse S, Vera MT. Behavioural and Electrophysiological Response of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) to a γ-Lactone Synthetic Semiochemical. Insects 2023; 14:206. [PMID: 36835775 PMCID: PMC9958615 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Attractants are a powerful tool for pest management. The lack of specific attractants for the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, a complex of cryptic species of great economic importance in South America, makes it difficult to monitor the pest in the field. The γ-lactone male sex and aggregation pheromones of several Anastrepha species, naturally released in a 7:3 epianastrephin to anastrephin ratio, and a structurally related naturally occurring γ-lactone ((±)-trans-tetrahydroactinidiolide) with gem-dimethyl groups (dimethyl) at C(4), were evaluated as potential attractants of this species. Different age and mating conditions of A. fraterculus males and females were evaluated during electroantennography (EAG) and field cage experiments in which polymeric lures were deployed to contain 100 mg of attractant. Epianastrephin and dimethyl were EAG+ for all fly conditions, with epianastrephin eliciting the highest response for both sexes and immature flies showing greater responsiveness than mature flies. In the field cage experiments, immature flies were only attracted to leks; virgin females were attracted to leks, dimethyl, and both epianastrephin-anastrephin formulations (95 and 70 wt.% epianastrephin); mature-mated males were attracted to leks, dimethyl and 70 wt.% epianastrephin; and mature-mated females were only attracted to leks. Our bioassays showed a promising performance of the analog dimethyl since it elicited the same response as epianastrephin, requires fewer steps to synthesize, and contains one less chiral center than the natural pheromones. The attraction to leks was recorded for all mating conditions and ages of flies and suggests that air-borne volatiles of calling males contain cues that could act as sensory traps. The addition of any of these compounds in the synthetic attractants may result in a greater attraction and thus deserves further evaluation. Dose-response experiments will provide additional information to move a step forward and validate the results obtained in open-field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Goane
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | | | - María Josefina Ruiz
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Bachmann
- Instituto de Genética “EA Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Fabian H. Milla
- Instituto de Genética “EA Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Diego F. Segura
- Instituto de Genética “EA Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Dan Kuzmich
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Spencer Walse
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - María Teresa Vera
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
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Bachmann GE, Belliard SA, Devescovi F, Nussenbaum AL, Fernández PC, Vera MT, Ruiz MJ, Segura DF. Effect of Fruit Volatiles from Native Host Plants on the Sexual Performance of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 Males. Insects 2023; 14:188. [PMID: 36835757 PMCID: PMC9964522 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1 males are sexually stimulated by the aroma of fruit of its native host Psidium guajava (guava). Other hosts, which are exotic to A. fraterculus, do not enhance male sexual behavior. Here we evaluate the effects of fruit volatile exposure on male A. fraterculus sp. 1 sexual performance using other native hosts, under the hypothesis that male improvement derives from a common evolutionary history between A. fraterculus sp. 1 and its native hosts. Four species were evaluated: Eugenia myrcianthes, Juglans australis, Psidium cattleianum, and Acca sellowiana. Guava was used as a positive control. Males were exposed to fruit from 12:00 pm to 4:00 pm, from day 8 to day 11 post-emergence. On day 12, we evaluated their calling behavior and mating success. Both guava and P. cattleianum enhanced calling behavior. Mating success was enhanced only by guava and a trend was found for P. cattleianum. Interestingly, the two hosts belong to the Psidium genus. A volatile analysis is planned to identify the compounds responsible for this phenomenon. The other native fruits did not improve the sexual behavior of males. Implications of our findings in the management of A. fraterculus sp. 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Enrique Bachmann
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Anahí Belliard
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Devescovi
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Nussenbaum
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Carina Fernández
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Vera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Provincia de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Ruiz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Provincia de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Segura
- Instituto de Genética “E.A. Favret”, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Partido de Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Belliard SA, Bachmann GE, Fernández PC, Hurtado J, Vera MT, Segura DF. Identification of host plant volatile stimulants of Anastrepha fraterculus male courtship behavior. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.943260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In some tephritid fruit flies, exposure to volatile compounds from host plants increases male sexual success. This phenomenon has been used to boost sterile males’ sexual competitiveness in the framework of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Previous studies revealed that males of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to volatiles from guava (Psidium guajava) fruit (GF) and guava essential oil (GEO) exhibit intensified courtship behavior and have greater copulatory success relative to unexposed males. Similar results were achieved in these flies through exposure to moradillo (Schinus polygama) essential oil or lemon (Citrus limon) essential oil. To identify the responsible compounds involved in these effects, we compared the volatile chemical profiles of GF, GEO, moradillo essential oil, and lemon essential oil. We selected five candidate compounds: (E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-β-ocimene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Using the electroantennographic detection (EAD) technique, we verified that males are able to detect all the candidate compounds and built dose-response curves between 0.01 and 100 μg/μl for each compound. We confirmed a stimulating effect on the courtship behavior of males for (E/Z)-β-ocimene and (R)-limonene, whereas β-caryophyllene and α-Humulene did not affect male courtship behavior. For those compounds that sexually stimulated males, we found a dose-dependent effect. Males’ behavioral response to the semiochemicals was maximum when (R)-limonene was combined with (E/Z)-β-ocimene, but the response was reduced when β-caryophyllene and α-humulene were included, which suggests some sort of negative interaction between them. Our results may contribute to the ongoing development of the SIT in this species.
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Valladares GA, Coll-Aráoz MV, Alderete M, Vera MT, Fernández PC. Previous herbivory alerts conspecific gravid sawflies to avoid unsuitable host plants. Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:438-448. [PMID: 31813400 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The willow sawfly, Nematus oligospilus (Förster), is a pest in Salix commercial forests and has been reported worldwide. Female adults must recognize a suitable host plant to oviposit, since her offspring lack the ability to move to another host. We evaluated the effect of conspecific herbivory on the oviposition choices of N. oligospilus females by providing damaged (DP) and undamaged (UP) plants of Salix humboldtiana, a native willow from South America, as oviposition substrates. Local and systemic effects were studied. For the local treatment, a twig from the DP with damaged leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP in dual choice experiments. For systemic treatment, a twig from the DP with intact leaves was contrasted to a twig from a UP. We estimated the use of olfactory and contact cues by comparing volatile emission of DP and UP, and by analysing the behaviour of the females during host recognition after landing on the leaf surface. In the context of the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH), we also tested if oviposition site selection maximizes offspring fitness by evaluating neonate hatching, larval performance and survival of larvae that were born and bred on either DP or UP. Our results demonstrate that previous conspecific herbivory on S. humboldtiana has a dramatic impact on female oviposition choices and offspring performance of the sawfly N. oligospilus. Females showed a marked preference for laying eggs on UP of S. humboldtiana. This preference was found for both local and systemic treatments. Volatile emission was quantitatively changed after conspecific damage suggesting that it could be related to N. oligospilus avoidance. In the dual choice preference experiments, the analysis of the behaviour of the females once landing on the leaf surface suggested the use of contact cues triggering egg laying on leaves from UP and avoidance of leaves from DP. Furthermore, 48 h of previous conspecific feeding was sufficient to dramatically impair neonate hatching, as well as larval development and survival, suggesting a rapid and effective reaction of the induced resistance mechanisms of the tree. In agreement with the PPH, these results support the idea that decisions made by colonizing females may result in optimal outcomes for their offspring in a barely studied insect model, and also opens the opportunity for studying tree-induced defences in the unexplored South American willow S. humboldtiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Valladares
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino S/N. B° Mercantil (4105), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M V Coll-Aráoz
- PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Manuel Belgrano 2960 (T4001MVB), S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Alderete
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, M. Lillo 205 (4000), S. M. de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M T Vera
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino S/N. B° Mercantil (4105), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - P C Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
- INTA EEA Delta del Paraná, Paraná de las Palmas y Cl Comas S/N (2804), Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Química Aplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Juárez ML, Pimper LE, Bachmann GE, Conte CA, Ruiz MJ, Goane L, Medina Pereyra P, Castro F, Salgueiro J, Cladera JL, Fernández PC, Bourtzis K, Lanzavecchia SB, Vera MT, Segura DF. Gut bacterial diversity and physiological traits of Anastrepha fraterculus Brazilian-1 morphotype males are affected by antibiotic treatment. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:283. [PMID: 31870309 PMCID: PMC6929401 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction between gut bacterial symbionts and Tephritidae became the focus of several studies that showed that bacteria contributed to the nutritional status and the reproductive potential of its fruit fly hosts. Anastrepha fraterculus is an economically important fruit pest in South America. This pest is currently controlled by insecticides, which prompt the development of environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). For SIT to be effective, a deep understanding of the biology and sexual behavior of the target species is needed. Although many studies have contributed in this direction, little is known about the composition and role of A. fraterculus symbiotic bacteria. In this study we tested the hypothesis that gut bacteria contribute to nutritional status and reproductive success of A. fraterculus males. Results AB affected the bacterial community of the digestive tract of A. fraterculus, in particular bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which was the dominant bacterial group in the control flies (i.e., non-treated with AB). AB negatively affected parameters directly related to the mating success of laboratory males and their nutritional status. AB also affected males’ survival under starvation conditions. The effect of AB on the behaviour and nutritional status of the males depended on two additional factors: the origin of the males and the presence of a proteinaceous source in the diet. Conclusions Our results suggest that A. fraterculus males gut contain symbiotic organisms that are able to exert a positive contribution on A. fraterculus males’ fitness, although the physiological mechanisms still need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Juárez
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lida Elena Pimper
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Enrique Bachmann
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Claudia Alejandra Conte
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Ruiz
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Goane
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Felipe Castro
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Salgueiro
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Jorge Luis Cladera
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Patricia Carina Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estación Agropecuaria Delta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Campana, Argentina
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Beatriz Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Vera
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Goane L, Pereyra PM, Castro F, Ruiz MJ, Juárez ML, Segura DF, Vera MT. Yeast derivatives and wheat germ in the adult diet modulates fecundity in a tephritid pest. Bull Entomol Res 2019; 109:178-190. [PMID: 29784067 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goane
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - P M Pereyra
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - F Castro
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M J Ruiz
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M L Juárez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - D F Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - M T Vera
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
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Abraham S, Rull J, Mendoza M, Liendo MC, Devescovi F, Roriz AK, Kovaleski A, Segura DF, Vera MT. Differences in sperm storage and remating propensity between adult females of two morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) cryptic species complex. Bull Entomol Res 2014; 104:376-382. [PMID: 24702958 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a complex of cryptic species composed of at least seven morphotypes. Some of them, such as the Peruvian and Brazilian 1 morphotypes (which include Argentinean populations), exhibit strong pre-copulatory isolation, yet it is possible to obtain heterotypic crosses when forcing copulation of adults under laboratory conditions. The cross involving Peruvian males and Argentinean females produces F1 offspring with reduced viability in terms of egg hatch. This low hatchability could be caused by a reduced amount of sperm transferred to and stored by females mated with heterotypic males, which in turn could affect their post-copulatory behaviour. To test these hypotheses, we investigated sperm transfer and female mating and remating behaviour for homotypic and heterotypic crosses between adults of two morphotypes (Brazilian 1 [Argentina] and Peruvian [Peru]) of the A. fraterculus cryptic species complex. As reported before, Argentinean males and females mated earlier in the day than the other three mating combinations. Peruvian females engaged in shorter copulation times than Argentinean females. Peruvian females tended to store smaller quantities of sperm than Argentinean females, and almost a half of the crosses involving Argentinean males and Peruvian females were unsuccessful (no sperm transfer). However, there was no evidence that the cross between Peruvian males and Argentinean females resulted in storage of a critically small amount of sperm (posing risk of sperm shortage). Argentinean females were more willing to remate than Peruvian females, irrespective of male morphotype, but latency to remating was not affected by male or female morphotype. This study shows that mating behaviour differs between some of the A. fraterculus complex morphotypes, with female but not male morphotype determining female likelihood to remate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abraham
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - J Rull
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Mendoza
- Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia de la UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | - A K Roriz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador Bahia, Brazil
| | - A Kovaleski
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Estação Experimental de Vacaria, Vacaria, Brazil
| | | | - M T Vera
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abraham S, Liendo MC, Devescovi F, Peralta PA, Yusef V, Ruiz J, Cladera JL, Vera MT, Segura DF. Remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) females is affected by male juvenile hormone analog treatment but not by male sterilization. Bull Entomol Res 2013; 103:310-317. [PMID: 23340454 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been proposed as an area-wide method to control the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann). This technique requires sterilization, a procedure that affects, along with other factors, the ability of males to modulate female sexual receptivity after copulation. Numerous pre-release treatments have been proposed to counteract the detrimental effects of irradiation, rearing and handling and increase SIT effectiveness. These include treating newly emerged males with a juvenile hormone mimic (methoprene) or supplying protein to the male's diet to accelerate sexual maturation prior to release. Here, we examine how male irradiation, methoprene treatment and protein intake affect remating behavior and the amount of sperm stored in inseminated females. In field cage experiments, we found that irradiated laboratory males were equally able to modulate female remating behavior as fertile wild males. However, females mated with 6-day-old, methoprene-treated males remated more and sooner than females mated with naturally matured males, either sterile or wild. Protein intake by males was not sufficient to overcome reduced ability of methoprene-treated males to induce refractory periods in females as lengthy as those induced by wild and naturally matured males. The amount of sperm stored by females was not affected by male irradiation, methoprene treatment or protein intake. This finding revealed that factors in addition to sperm volume intervene in regulating female receptivity after copulation. Implications for SIT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abraham
- Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal de la Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia de la UNT, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Schutze MK, Jessup A, Ul-Haq I, Vreysen MJB, Wornoayporn V, Vera MT, Clarke AR. Mating compatibility among four pest members of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Econ Entomol 2013; 106:695-707. [PMID: 23786057 DOI: 10.1603/ec12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock are pest members within the B. dorsalis species complex of tropical fruit flies. The species status of these taxa is unclear and this confounds quarantine, pest management, and general research. Mating studies carried out under uniform experimental conditions are required as part of resolving their species limits. These four taxa were collected from the wild and established as laboratory cultures for which we subsequently determined levels of prezygotic compatibility, assessed by field cage mating trials for all pair-wise combinations. We demonstrate random mating among all pair-wise combinations involving B. dorsalis, B. papayae, and B. philippinensis. B. carambolae was relatively incompatible with each of these species as evidenced by nonrandom mating for all crosses. Reasons for incompatibility involving B. carambolae remain unclear; however, we observed differences in the location of couples in the field cage for some comparisons. Alongside other factors such as pheromone composition or other courtship signals, this may lead to reduced interspecific mating compatibility with B. carambolae. These data add to evidence that B. dorsalis, B. papayae, and B. philippinensis represent the same biological species, while B. carambolae remains sufficiently different to maintain its current taxonomic identity. This poses significant implications for this group's systematics, impacting on pest management, and international trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Schutze
- CRC for National Plant Biosecurity, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, A.C.T. 2617, Australia.
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Goane L, Casmuz A, Salas H, Lizondo M, Gastaminza G, Vera MT. Spatial and temporal variation in Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population and its damage on lemon. Neotrop Entomol 2013; 42:72-81. [PMID: 23949715 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-012-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Moulton has recently been detected in lemon (Citrus limon) orchards in northwest Argentina, causing high levels of damage on fruits. Severe damage results in the rejection of fruit for export, which must then be sold in the industry. However, the restrictions imposed by the citrus industry on insecticide residues sometimes also result in fruit rejection. Here, we studied the ecology and behavior of C. orchidii in order to propose a pest management strategy that could meet both export and industry demands. Seasonal occurrence and canopy distribution of C. orchidii in lemon orchards were evaluated, and field experimental manipulations of thrips populations were performed to analyze how the length (45, 100, 130, and 200 days) and timing (January, February, or March) of C. orchidii activity related with fruit damage. Lemons harvested during summer showed lower infestation levels (∼0.64 individual per fruit) than those harvested in winter (∼1.88 individuals per fruit). Higher proportions of damaged fruits were recorded in the lower part of the tree. Changes in the population levels of C. orchidii were closely associated with fruit phenology. The longer the lemon fruits were exposed to the thrips, the higher was the damage. However, the time of infestations did not affect fruit damage. Our data provide a first step towards understanding the factors that determine the severity of fruit damage caused by C. orchidii in northwest Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goane
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Liendo MC, Devescovi F, Bachmann GE, Utgés ME, Abraham S, Vera MT, Lanzavecchia SB, Bouvet JP, Gómez-Cendra P, Hendrichs J, Teal PEA, Cladera JL, Segura DF. Precocious sexual signalling and mating in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) sterile males achieved through juvenile hormone treatment and protein supplements. Bull Entomol Res 2013; 103:1-13. [PMID: 22929968 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual maturation of Anastrepha fraterculus is a long process. Methoprene (a mimic of juvenile hormone) considerably reduces the time for sexual maturation in males. However, in other Anastrepha species, this effect depends on protein intake at the adult stage. Here, we evaluated the mating competitiveness of sterile laboratory males and females that were treated with methoprene (either the pupal or adult stage) and were kept under different regimes of adult food, which varied in the protein source and the sugar:protein ratio. Experiments were carried out under semi-natural conditions, where laboratory flies competed over copulations with sexually mature wild flies. Sterile, methoprene-treated males that reached sexual maturity earlier (six days old), displayed the same lekking behaviour, attractiveness to females and mating competitiveness as mature wild males. This effect depended on protein intake. Diets containing sugar and hydrolyzed yeast allowed sterile males to compete with wild males (even at a low concentration of protein), while brewer´s yeast failed to do so even at a higher concentration. Sugar only fed males were unable to achieve significant numbers of copulations. Methoprene did not increase the readiness to mate of six-day-old sterile females. Long pre-copulatory periods create an additional cost to the management of fruit fly pests through the sterile insect technique (SIT). Our findings suggest that methoprene treatment will increase SIT effectiveness against A. fraterculus when coupled with a diet fortified with protein. Additionally, methoprene acts as a physiological sexing method, allowing the release of mature males and immature females and hence increasing SIT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liendo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Rull J, Abraham S, Kovaleski A, Segura DF, Islam A, Wornoayporn V, Dammalage T, Tomas US, Vera MT. Random mating and reproductive compatibility among Argentinean and southern Brazilian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:435-443. [PMID: 22360877 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a prerequisite for area-wide application of the sterile insect technique in an area encompassing northern Argentina and southern Brazil, prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive compatibility among three geographically distant populations in the area was tested. In field cages, sexually mature adults of each population were found to be sexually compatible, mating duration was not affected by fly origin and there was no clear evidence of spatial partition of mating location. In the laboratory, homotypic and heterotypic crosses for all possible combinations displayed similar levels of fertility and yielded F1 adults without distortion of the sex ratio. Finally, F1 hybrid and parental adults produced equally viable F2 eggs. Put together, our results and those from earlier studies suggest that a large area, ranging from Buenos Aires to the surroundings of São Paulo, could be managed using a single A. fraterculus mass-reared strain. At the northern margin of this area, two A. fraterculus morphotypes appear to coexist in sympatry. We delineate future research to further delimit the distribution of the aff1 morphotype (Argentina-southern Brazil) and to gain insight into evolutionary patterns producing divergence and radiation of tropical fruit fly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rull
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - S Abraham
- Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A Kovaleski
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Estação Experimental de Vacaria, Vacaria, Brazil
| | - D F Segura
- Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - A Islam
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - V Wornoayporn
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - T Dammalage
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - U Santo Tomas
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - M T Vera
- Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, Tucumán, Argentina
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Oviedo A, Nestel D, Papadopoulos NT, Ruiz MJ, Prieto SC, Willink E, Vera MT. Management of protein intake in the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus. J Insect Physiol 2011; 57:1622-1630. [PMID: 21896276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work tested if carbohydrates and proteins ingestion is regulated in the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, to optimize survival and reproduction. Adult food treatments were established by providing sugar and hydrolyzed yeast in various combinations either alone or mixed at a standard 3:1 ratio (sugar:hydrolyzed yeast). Individual food consumption was assessed and related to survival patterns. The effects of adult feeding on fecundity and fertility patterns were investigated in groups of flies. Sugar consumption was the lowest in the treatment where it was provided with hydrolyzed yeast at a fixed 3:1 ratio. Consumption of hydrolyzed yeast did not differ between this treatment and the one in which this solution was complemented with one solution of sugar. It seems that a mixture of sugar and hydrolyzed yeast at a fixed ratio of 3:1, respectively, restricts extra ingestion of sugar; most probably because of negative response of the fly to overconsumption of protein. Survival was affected by the treatments, being lower in those cases where protein was at the fixed ratio. Group experiments revealed that protein restriction expanded longevity and decreased egg production. In contrast, egg production was enhanced when flies were kept continuously with a mixture of yeast and sugar plus an extra source of sugar, and this was not in detriment of survival. Our results suggest that fixed sugar-protein ratios in which protein is in excess affects fitness components such as longevity and reproduction. These findings are discussed from a theoretical and applied perspective in the context of pest control by means of the sterile insect technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oviedo
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Tucumán, Argentina
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Rodriguero MS, Vera MT, Rial E, Cayol JP, Vilardi JC. Sexual selection on multivariate phenotype in wild and mass-reared Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Heredity (Edinb) 2002; 89:480-7. [PMID: 12466992 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2002] [Accepted: 07/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Males with a larger thorax and narrower face were found to be favoured by directional sexual selection in a previous field cage experiment where Ceratitis capitata males from the Seib 6-96 genetic sexing strain competed with wild males from Alto Valle (Patagonia) for the possession of wild females. Targets of sexual selection, however, might differ between wild and laboratory females as a response to adaptation to mass-rearing conditions. To evaluate possible divergences on the targets of sexual selection as a by-product of adaptation to mass-rearing conditions, field cage tests were performed with both wild and laboratory females. To avoid possible bias due to correlation among the measured traits (eye length [EL], face width [FW], head width [HW], and thorax length [TL]), a multivariate analysis was applied. Consistent with the previous experiment, the results indicated that TL and FW are probable targets of directional sexual selection independently of female strain. However, laboratory females were less selective than wild ones. Additionally, correlational sexual selection was detected acting on the multivariate phenotype. The effects of correlational selection overlap with those of directional selection on each single trait. The analysis of mating pair characteristics showed patterns that do not match the expectations for a random mating system. The current analysis indicates that during mating pair formation two processes overlap. On the one hand, sexual selection favours males with larger size (TL) and narrower faces (FW). This effect occurs in both wild and laboratory females. In addition, assortative mating based on both phenotype and origin was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rodriguero
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Fac. Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Univ. Buenos Aires, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Vera MT, Okai T, Mukubo M, Kozuma S, Maeda T, Mizuno M. Ultrasonic evaluation and classification of ovarian tumors. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 12:89-97. [PMID: 3521568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1986.tb00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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