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Husaini AM, Sohail M. Agrochemical-free genetically modified and genome-edited crops: Towards achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals and a 'greener' green revolution. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:68-77. [PMID: 38663518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable farming on ever-shrinking agricultural land and declining water resources for the growing human population is one of the greatest environmental and food security challenges of the 21st century. Conventional, age-old organic farming practices alone, and foods based on costly cellular agriculture, do not have the potential to be upscaled to meet the food supply challenges for feeding large populations. Additionally, agricultural practices relying on chemical inputs have a well-documented detrimental impact on human health and the environment. As the available farming methods have reached their productivity limits, new approaches to agriculture, combining friendly, age-old farming practices with modern technologies that exclude chemical interventions, are necessary to address the food production challenges. Growing genetically modified (GM) crops without chemical inputs can allow agricultural intensification with reduced adverse health and environmental impacts. Additionally, integrating high-value pleiotropic genes in their genetic improvement coupled with the use of modern agricultural technologies, like robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), will further improve productivity. Such 'organic-GM' crops will offer consumers healthy, agrochemical-free GM produce. We believe these agricultural practices will lead to the beginning of a potentially new chemical-free GM agricultural revolution in the era of Agriculture 4.0 and help meet the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, given the advancement in the genome editing (GE) toolbox, we ought to develop a new category of 'trait-reversible GM crops' to avert the fears of those who believe in ecological damage by GM crops. Thus, in this article, we advocate farming with no or minimal chemical use by combining chemical-free organic farming with the existing biofortified and multiple stress tolerant GM crops, while focusing on the development of novel 'biofertilizer-responsive GE crops' and 'trait-reversible GE crops' for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Husaini
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Wolfson College, Lintodn Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vondracek K, Altpeter F, Liu T, Lee S. Advances in genomics and genome editing for improving strawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa). Front Genet 2024; 15:1382445. [PMID: 38706796 PMCID: PMC11066249 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1382445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The cultivated strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa, is a recently domesticated fruit species of economic interest worldwide. As such, there is significant interest in continuous varietal improvement. Genomics-assisted improvement, including the use of DNA markers and genomic selection have facilitated significant improvements of numerous key traits during strawberry breeding. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing allows targeted mutations and precision nucleotide substitutions in the target genome, revolutionizing functional genomics and crop improvement. Genome editing is beginning to gain traction in the more challenging polyploid crops, including allo-octoploid strawberry. The release of high-quality reference genomes and comprehensive subgenome-specific genotyping and gene expression profiling data in octoploid strawberry will lead to a surge in trait discovery and modification by using CRISPR/Cas. Genome editing has already been successfully applied for modification of several strawberry genes, including anthocyanin content, fruit firmness and tolerance to post-harvest disease. However, reports on many other important breeding characteristics associated with fruit quality and production are still lacking, indicating a need for streamlined genome editing approaches and tools in Fragaria ×ananassa. In this review, we present an overview of the latest advancements in knowledge and breeding efforts involving CRISPR/Cas genome editing for the enhancement of strawberry varieties. Furthermore, we explore potential applications of this technology for improving other Rosaceous plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Vondracek
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- University of Florida, Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tie Liu
- University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, United States
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Akter F, Wu S, Islam MS, Kyaw H, Yang J, Li M, Fu Y, Wu J. An Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation System for Gene Editing in Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:563. [PMID: 38475410 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The octoploid-cultivated strawberry variety Benihope (Fragaria × ananassa Duch cv. Benihope) is an important commercial plant. It is highly susceptible to different diseases, which ultimately leads to a reduction in yield. Gene-editing methods, such as CRISPR/Cas9, demonstrate potential for improving disease resistance in the strawberry cv. Benihope. Establishing a plant regeneration system suitable for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is crucial for obtaining transgenic plants on a large scale. This research established a callus induction and plant regeneration system for Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in strawberry cv. Benihope by evaluating multiple types of explants and various plant growth regulators throughout the entire tissue culture process. The results showed that the efficiency of callus induction is strongly influenced by the type of explant and is highly sensitive to the combination of plant growth regulators. Among the different plant growth regulators employed, thidiazuron (TDZ), in combination with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), effectively induced callus formation and plant regeneration from explants derived from nutrient tissues such as runner tips and crowns. In addition, the regeneration experiment demonstrated that the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) to the shoot regeneration medium could inhibit tissue browning. The gene-edited plants in which some or all of the Fvb7-1, Fvb7-2, Fvb7-3, and Fvb7-4 genes in the MLO (Mildew resistance Locus O) gene family were knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 system were obtained by applying the plant regeneration system developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Akter
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suting Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Htin Kyaw
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinwen Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Xia Y, Cao Y, Ren Y, Ling A, Du K, Li Y, Yang J, Kang X. Effect of a suitable treatment period on the genetic transformation efficiency of the plant leaf disc method. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:15. [PMID: 36793134 PMCID: PMC9930321 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-00994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disc genetic transformation is an important way to achieve transgenics or gene editing. Ensuring stable and efficient genetic transformation is still an important problem in modern biology. It is assumed that the difference in the development status of genetic transformation cells of receptor materials is the main reason for the difference and instability of genetic transformation efficiency; the stable and efficient genetic transformation rate can be obtained by defining the appropriate treatment period of the receptor material and applying genetic transformation in a timely manner. RESULTS Based on these assumptions, we studied and established an efficient and stable Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system with hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa, 84 K) leaves, stem segments and tobacco leaves as the research objects. There were differences in the development process of leaf bud primordial cells from different explants, and the genetic transformation efficiency was significantly related to the cell development stage of the in vitro cultured materials. Among them, the genetic transformation rate of poplar and tobacco leaves was the highest on the 3rd and 2nd day of culture, reaching 86.6% and 57.3%, respectively. The genetic transformation rate of poplar stem segments was the highest on the 4th day of culture, reaching 77.8%. The best treatment period was from the development of leaf bud primordial cells to the S phase of the cell cycle. The number of cells detected using flow cytometry and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, the expression of cell cycle-related protein CDKB1; 2, CDKD1; 1, CYCA3; 4, CYCD1; 1, CYCD3; 2, CYCD6; 1, and CYCH; 1 of explants, and morphological changes of explants can be used as indicators to determine the appropriate treatment period for genetic transformation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a new and universal set of methods and characteristics to identify the S phase of the cell cycle and apply genetic transformation treatments at the appropriate time. Our results are of great significance for improving the efficiency and stability of plant leaf disc genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Yongyu Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Aoyu Ling
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Kang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
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Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of the Commercial Hybrid Poplar Populus Alba × Populus glandulosa Uyeki. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102594. [PMID: 31137806 PMCID: PMC6566960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technology is a powerful tool for gene functional characterization, and poplar is a model system for genetic transformation of perennial woody plants. However, the poplar genetic transformation system is limited to a number of model genotypes. Herein, we developed a transformation system based on efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for the hybrid poplar Populus Alba × Populus glandulosa Uyeki, which is a fast-growing poplar species that is suitably grown in the northern part of China. Importantly, we optimized many independent factors and showed that the transformation efficiency was improved significantly using juvenile leaf explants. Explants were infected by an Agrobacterium suspension with the OD600 = 0.6 for 15 min and then co-cultured in dark conditions for 3 days. Using the improved transformation system, we obtained the transgenic poplar with overexpression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) via direct organogenesis without callus induction. Furthermore, we analyzed the GUS gene in the transgenic poplars using PCR, qRT-PCR, and GUS staining. These analyses revealed that the GUS gene was efficiently transformed, and it exhibited various expression levels. Taken together, these results represent a simple, fast, and efficient transformation system of hybrid poplar plants. Our findings may facilitate future studies of gene functions in perennial woody plants and tree breeding via transgenic technology assisted design.
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Development of transgenic broccoli with cryIAa gene for resistance against diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:299. [PMID: 29963359 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. 'Solan Green Head' has been developed by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring cryIAa gene for resistance against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). By combining the best treatments of 72 h pre-culturing and 48 h co-cultivation time period, a transformation frequency of 4.92 and 13.83% was obtained from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants, respectively. Supplementing the co-cultivation medium with acetosyringone in a concentration of 100 µM enhanced the transformation frequency to 17.92 and 32.11% in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants, respectively. The transgene (cryIAa) integration was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers and Southern blot analysis using digoxigenin nonradiolabelled DNA probe. Gene expression in the PCR-positive transgenic events had been confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and quantitative real time-PCR. Insect bioassay proved the effectiveness of the transgene against infestation by diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of optimization of a highly efficient transformation system and transgenic development in broccoli using cry1Aa gene for insect resistance.
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Alam P, Khan ZA, Abdin MZ, Khan JA, Ahmad P, Elkholy SF, Sharaf-Eldin MA. Efficient regeneration and improved sonication-assisted Agrobacterium transformation (SAAT) method for Catharanthus roseus. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:26. [PMID: 28401464 PMCID: PMC5388651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant known for its pharmacological qualities such as antimicrobial, anticancerous, antifeedant, antisterility, antidiabetic activities. More than 130 bioactive compounds like vinblastine, vindoline and vincristine have been synthesized in this plant. Extensive studies have been carried out for optimization regeneration and transformation protocols. Most of the protocol described are laborious and time-consuming. Due to sophisticated protocol of regeneration and genetic transformation, the production of these bioactive molecules is less and not feasible to be commercialized worldwide. Here we have optimized the efficient protocol for regeneration and transformation to minimize the time scale and enhance the transformation frequency through Agrobacterium and sonication-assisted transformation (SAAT) method. In this study, hypocotyl explants responded best for maximal production of transformed shoots. The callus percentage were recorded 52% with 1.0 mg L−1 (BAP) and 0.5 mg L−1 (NAA) while 80% shoot percentage obtained with 4.0 mg L−1 (BAP) and 0.05 mg L−1 (NAA). The microscopic studies revealed that the expression of GFP was clearly localized in leaf tissue of the C. roseus after transformation of pRepGFP0029 construct. Consequently, transformation efficiency was revealed on the basis of GFP localization. The transformation efficiency of SAAT method was 6.0% comparable to 3.5% as conventional method. Further, PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the nptII gene in the transformed plantlets of C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravej Alam
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Zainul Abdeen Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jawaid A Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shereen F Elkholy
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Plant Transformation and Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Sharaf-Eldin
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Biotechnological advancement in genetic improvement of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), an important vegetable crop. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1049-63. [PMID: 26971329 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of molecular biotechnology, plant genetic engineering techniques have opened an avenue for the genetic improvement of important vegetable crops. Vegetable crop productivity and quality are seriously affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses which destabilize rural economies in many countries. Moreover, absence of proper post-harvest storage and processing facilities leads to qualitative and quantitative losses. In the past four decades, conventional breeding has significantly contributed to the improvement of vegetable yields, quality, post-harvest life, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are many constraints in conventional breeding, which can only be overcome by advancements made in modern biology. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is an important vegetable crop, of the family Brassicaceae; however, various biotic and abiotic stresses cause enormous crop yield losses during the commercial cultivation of broccoli. Thus, genetic engineering can be used as a tool to add specific characteristics to existing cultivars. However, a pre-requisite for transferring genes into plants is the availability of efficient regeneration and transformation techniques. Recent advances in plant genetic engineering provide an opportunity to improve broccoli in many aspects. The goal of this review is to summarize genetic transformation studies on broccoli to draw the attention of researchers and scientists for its further genetic advancement.
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Haddadi F, Aziz MA, Abdullah SNA, Tan SG, Kamaladini H. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of strawberry cv. Camarosa by a dual plasmid system. Molecules 2015; 20:3647-66. [PMID: 25711423 PMCID: PMC6272677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was applied to introduce the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter in the pGreen0049 binary vector into strawberry cv. Camarosa. The in vitro regeneration system of strawberry leaves to be used in the transformation was optimized using different TDZ concentrations in MS medium. TDZ at 16 µM showed the highest percentage (100%) of shoot formation and the highest mean number of shoots (24) produced per explant. Studies on the effects of different antibiotics, namely timentin, cefotaxime, carbenicillin and ampicillin, on shoot regeneration of strawberry leaf explants showed the best shoot regeneration in the presence of 300 mg/L timentin and 150 mg/L cefotaxime. Assessment of the different factors affecting Agrobacterium mediated-transformation of strawberry with the luciferase gene showed the highest efficiency of putative transformant production (86%) in the treatment with no preculture, bacterial OD600 of 0.6 and the addition of 150 mg/L cefotaxime in the pre-selection and selection media. The presence of the luciferase gene in the plant genome was verified by the luciferase reporter gene assay, nested PCR amplification and dot blot of genomic DNA isolated from the young leaves of each putatively transformed plantlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haddadi
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran.
| | - Maheran Abd Aziz
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Soon Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Hossein Kamaladini
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran.
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10
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Abstract
Genetic transformation in strawberry (Fragaria spp.) can be achieved by using the Agrobacterium-mediated procedure on leaves from in vitro proliferated shoots. Regardless of the sufficient regeneration levels achieved from leaf explants of some commercial strawberry genotypes, the regeneration of transformed strawberry plants remains difficult and seems to be strongly genotype dependent. In fact, the main factors that play an important role in the success of strawberry genetic transformation are the availability of an efficient regeneration protocol and of an appropriate selection procedure of the putative transgenic shoots. The strawberry genetic transformation protocol herein described relates to three genotypes resulted from our experience with the highest regeneration and transformation efficiency. The study includes two octoploid Fragaria × ananassa cultivars, Sveva and Calypso, and a diploid F. vesca cultivar (Alpina W.O.). All the different steps related to the leaf tissue Agrobacterium infection, coculture, and selection of regenerating adventitious shoots, as well as the following identification of selected lines able to proliferate and root on the selective agent (kanamycin), will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cappelletti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Movahedi A, Zhang J, Amirian R, Zhuge Q. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10780-93. [PMID: 24933641 PMCID: PMC4100180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar is a model system for the regeneration and genetic transformation of woody plants. To shorten the time required for studies of transgenic poplar, efforts have been made to optimize transformation methods that use Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In this study, an Agrobacterium infective suspension was treated at 4 °C for at least 10 h before infecting explants. By transforming the Populus hybrid clone "Nanlin895" (Populus deltoides×P. euramericana) with Agrobacterium harboring the PBI121:CarNAC6 binary vector, we showed that the transformation efficiency was improved significantly by multiple independent factors, including an Agrobacterium infective suspension with an OD600 of 0.7, an Agrobacterium infection for 120 min, an Agrobacterium infective suspension at a pH of 5.0, an acetosyringone concentration of 200 µM, a cocultivation at 28 °C, a cocultivation for 72 h and a sucrose concentration of 30 g/L in the cocultivation medium. We also showed that preculture of wounded leaf explants for two days increased the regeneration rate. The integration of the desired gene into transgenic poplars was detected using selective medium containing kanamycin, followed by southern blot analysis. The expression of the transgene in the transgenic lines was confirmed by northern blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movahedi
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Rasoul Amirian
- Department of Genomics, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Central Region of Iran (ABRICI), Najafabad Road, Isfahan 85135-487, Iran.
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Zakaria H, Hussein GM, Abdel-Hadi AHA, Abdallah NA. Improved regeneration and transformation protocols for three strawberry cultivars. GM CROPS & FOOD 2014; 5:27-35. [PMID: 24322545 PMCID: PMC5033169 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.27229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important soft fruit crop with polyploid genome which makes the breeding of new cultivars difficult. Simple and efficient method for transformation and regeneration is required for cultivars improvement in strawberry. In the present study, adventitious shoot regeneration has been investigated in three cultivated strawberry plants, i.e., Festival, Sweet Charly and Florida via direct organogenesis using the in vitro juvenile leaves as explants. Explants were collected after sub-culturing on a propagation medium composed of MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA; 0.1 mg/l GA3 and 0.1 mg/l IBA. To select the suitable organogenesis, the explants of the three cultivars were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l), then incubated at a temperature of 22 °C ± 2. Medium containing 2 mg/l TDZ revealed the best regeneration efficiency with the three cultivars (72% for Festival, and 73% for Sweet Charly and Florida). After 4 weeks, the produced shoots were cultured on MS medium with different concentrations of BA and Kin to enhance shoot elongation. Results showed that the medium containing 1.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l Kin revealed highest elongation efficiency (88% and 94%) for Festival and Sweet Charly, respectively. On the other hand, medium containing 1.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l Kin showed highest elongation efficiency (90%) in Florida. Elongated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA. Furthermore, transformation of the two cultivars, Festival and Sweet Charly, has been established via Agrobacterium strain LBA44404 containing the plasmid pISV2678 with gus-intron and bar genes. Three days post co-cultivation, GUS activity was screening using the histochemical assay. The results showed 16% and 18% of the tested plant materials has changed into blue color for Festival and Sweet Charly, respectively. Out of 120 explants only 13 shoots were developed on bialaphos medium for each cultivar, representing 10.8% bialaphos resistant strawberry shoot. The presence of the both genes bar and uid A was detected by PCR and Northern giving a transformation efficiency of 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Zakaria
- Department of Plant Genetic Transformation; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI); Agricultural Research Center (ARC); Giza, Egypt
| | - Gihan M Hussein
- Department of Plant Genetic Transformation; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI); Agricultural Research Center (ARC); Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa A Abdallah
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Agriculture; Cairo University; Giza, Egypt
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Husaini AM, Tuteja N. Biotech crops: imperative for achieving the millenium development goals and sustainability of agriculture in the climate change era. GM CROPS & FOOD 2012; 4:1-9. [PMID: 23160541 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological intervention in the development of crops has opened new vistas in agriculture. Central to the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), biotech-agriculture is essential in meeting these targets. Biotech crops have already made modest contributions toward ensuring food and nutrition security by reducing losses and increasing productivity, with less pesticide input. These crops could help address some of the major challenges in agriculture-based economies created by climate change. Projections of global climate change expect the concentration of greenhouse gases to increase, aridization of the environment to increase, temperature fluctuations to occur sharply and frequently, and spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall to be disturbed-all of which will increase abiotic stress-related challenges to crops. Countering these challenges and to meet the food requirement of the ever-increasing world population (expected to reach 9 billion by 2030) we need to (1) develop and use biotech crops for mitigating adverse climatic changes; (2) develop biotech crops resilient to adverse environmental conditions; and (3) address the issues/non-issues raised by NGO's and educate the masses about the benefits of biotech crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Husaini
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Husaini AM, Rashid Z, Mir RUR, Aquil B. Approaches for gene targeting and targeted gene expression in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2:150-62. [PMID: 22179193 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic science and technology are fundamental to state-of-the-art plant molecular genetics and crop improvement. The new generation of technology endeavors to introduce genes 'stably' into 'site-specific' locations and in 'single copy' without the integration of extraneous vector 'backbone' sequences or selectable markers and with a 'predictable and consistent' expression. Several similar strategies and technologies, which can push the development of 'smart' genetically modified plants with desirable attributes, as well as enhance their consumer acceptability, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Masood Husaini
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Shalimar, India.
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