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Tennant P, Rampersad S, Alleyne A, Johnson L, Tai D, Amarakoon I, Roye M, Pitter P, Chang PG, Myers Morgan L. Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean. Viruses 2024; 16:603. [PMID: 38675944 PMCID: PMC11053604 DOI: 10.3390/v16040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose major global challenges to crop production as infections reduce the yield and quality of harvested products, hinder germplasm exchange, increase financial inputs, and threaten food security. Small island or archipelago habitat conditions such as those in the Caribbean are particularly susceptible as the region is characterized by high rainfall and uniform, warm temperatures throughout the year. Moreover, Caribbean islands are continuously exposed to disease risks because of their location at the intersection of transcontinental trade between North and South America and their role as central hubs for regional and global agricultural commodity trade. This review provides a summary of virus disease epidemics that originated in the Caribbean and those that were introduced and spread throughout the islands. Epidemic-associated factors that impact disease development are also discussed. Understanding virus disease epidemiology, adoption of new diagnostic technologies, implementation of biosafety protocols, and widespread acceptance of biotechnology solutions to counter the effects of cultivar susceptibility remain important challenges to the region. Effective integrated disease management requires a comprehensive approach that should include upgraded phytosanitary measures and continuous surveillance with rapid and appropriate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tennant
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Sephra Rampersad
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Angela Alleyne
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados;
| | - Lloyd Johnson
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
| | - Deiondra Tai
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Icolyn Amarakoon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
| | - Marcia Roye
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrice Pitter
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Peta-Gaye Chang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Lisa Myers Morgan
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
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Azad MAK, Amin L, Sidik NM. Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768038. [PMID: 24757435 PMCID: PMC3976845 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This review focuses on the development of PRSV resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. The genetic diversity of PRSV depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of PRSV disease management on a sequence of PRSV isolates. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance has been employed for the development of transgenic papaya, using a coat protein-mediated, RNA-silencing mechanism and replicase gene-mediated transformation for effective PRSV disease management. The development of PRSV-resistant papaya via post-transcriptional gene silencing is a promising technology for PRSV disease management. PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health. Recent studies have revealed that the success of adoption of transgenic papaya depends upon the application, it being a commercially viable product, bio-safety regulatory issues, trade regulations, and the wider social acceptance of the technology. This review discusses the genome and the genetic diversity of PRSV, host range determinants, molecular diagnosis, disease management strategies, the development of transgenic papaya, environmental issues, issues in the adoption of transgenic papaya, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Centre for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Latifah Amin
- Centre for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Marzuki Sidik
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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