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Identification and Antioxidant Capacity of Free and Bound Phenolics in Six Varieties of Mulberry Seeds Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091764. [PMID: 36139838 PMCID: PMC9495565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry seeds are a byproduct of juice processing and may be an important resource for its abundant compounds. In this study, we analyzed the qualitative composition of free and bound phenolics from six varieties of mulberry seeds using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Free phenolics (FPs) and bound phenolics (BPs) were measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method; antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. A total of 28 free and 11 bound phenolics were extracted and identified, wherein five free phenolics were found in mulberry matrices for the first time. The six varieties of mulberry seeds exhibited higher content of FPs than BPs, and there was a correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Consequently, three varieties were selected for their high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This study might offer a theoretical basis for the utilization of mulberry seed.
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Parida IS, Takasu S, Nakagawa K. A comprehensive review on the production, pharmacokinetics and health benefits of mulberry leaf iminosugars: Main focus on 1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-29. [PMID: 34658276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are rich in biologically active compounds, including phenolics, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Mulberry leaf iminosugars (MLIs; a type of polyhydroxylated alkaloids), in particular, have been gaining increasing attention due to their health-promoting effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulatory activities. Knowledge regarding the in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity of MLIs are crucial to understand their role and function and human health. Therefore, this review is aimed to comprehensively summarize the existing studies on the oral pharmacokinetics and the physiological significance of selected MLIs (i.e.,1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ). Evidence have suggested that MLIs possess relatively good uptake and safety profiles, which support their prospective use for oral intake; the therapeutic potential of these compounds against metabolic and chronic disorders and the underlying mechanisms behind these effects have also been studied in in vitro and in vivo models. Also discussed are the biosynthetic pathways of MLIs in plants, as well as the agronomic and processing factors that affect their concentration in mulberry leaves-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Alam K, Raviraj VS, Chowdhury T, Bhuimali A, Ghosh P, Saha S. Application of biotechnology in sericulture: Progress, scope and prospect. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Xu YQ, Wang H, Qin RL, Fang LJ, Liu Z, Yuan SS, Gai YP, Ji XL. Characterization of NPR1 and NPR4 genes from mulberry (Morus multicaulis) and their roles in development and stress resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:302-316. [PMID: 30506684 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quality and quantity of mulberry leaves are often affected by various environmental factors. The plant NPR1 and its homologous genes are important for plant systemic acquired resistance. Here, the full-length cDNAs encoding the NPR1 and NPR4 genes (designated MuNPR1 and MuNPR4, respectively) were isolated from Morus multicaulis. Sequence analysis of the amino acids and protein modeling of the MuNPR1 and MuNPR4 proteins showed that MuNPR1 shares some conserved characteristics with its homolog MuNPR4. MuNPR1 was shown to have different expression patterns than MuNPR4 in mulberry plants. Interestingly, MuNPR1 or MuNPR4 transgenic Arabidopsis produced an early flowering phenotype, and the expression of the pathogenesis-related 1a gene was promoted in MuNPR1 transgenic Arabidopsis. The MuNPR1 transgenic plants showed more resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst. DC3000) than did the wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, the ectopic expression of MuNPR1 might lead to enhanced scavenging ability and suppress collase accumulation. In contrast, the MuNPR4 transgenic Arabidopsis were hypersensitive to Pst. DC3000 infection. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis with the ectopic expression of either MuNPR1 or MuNPR4 showed sensitivity to salt and drought stresses. Our data suggest that both the MuNPR1 and MuNPR4 genes play a role in the coordination between signaling pathways, and the information provided here enables the in-depth functional analysis of the MuNPR1 and MuNPR4 genes and may promote mulberry resistance breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Xu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Rong-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Li-Jing Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuo-Shuo Yuan
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ying-Ping Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xian-Ling Ji
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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Dhanyalakshmi KH, Nataraja KN. Mulberry (Morus spp.) has the features to treat as a potential perennial model system. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1491267. [PMID: 30047827 PMCID: PMC6149411 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1491267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), a commercially exploited tree species as the host of monophagous pest silk worm (Bombyx mori), belongs to the family Moraceae. The domesticated tree has diverse beneficial characters such as traits associated with rapid growth and biomass production, plant insect/microbe interaction, abiotic stress tolerance and the traits associated with nutritional and medicinal values; some of which have been exploited. Draft genome of Morus notabilis has been sequenced and a large volume of transcriptome and genomic resources have been generated. In this review an attempt has been made to examine the options for considering mulberry as another tree model system to study unique traits associated with perennial systems. The diverse traits and features in mulberry suggest that the system can be a "comprehensive trait integrated tree system" quite different from other model tree systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Dhanyalakshmi
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Sarkar T, Mogili T, Sivaprasad V. Improvement of abiotic stress adaptive traits in mulberry (Morus spp.): an update on biotechnological interventions. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:214. [PMID: 28669073 PMCID: PMC5494030 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), being an economically important tree, is cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Brazil, Uzbekistan and other Countries across the globe, for its leaves to feed monophagous mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). The sustainability of silk industry is directly correlated with the production and continuous supply of high-quality mulberry leaves. In India, it is cultivated on large scale in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions under irrigated conditions for silkworm rearing. Drought, low temperature, high salinity and alkalinity, being experienced in widespread areas, are the major abiotic stresses, causing reduction in its potential foliage yield and quality. Further, climate change effects may worsen the productivity of mulberry in near future, not only in India but also across the globe. Although traditional breeding methods contributed immensely towards the development of abiotic stress-tolerant mulberry varieties, still there is lot of scope for implementation of modern genomic and molecular biology tools for accelerating mulberry genetic improvement programmes. This review discusses omics approaches, molecular breeding, plant tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques exploited for mulberry genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance. However, high-throughput biotechnological tools such as RNA interference, virus-induced gene silencing, epigenomics and genome editing tools need to be utilized in mulberry to accelerate the progress of functional genomics. The application of genomic tools such as genetic engineering, marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in breeding programmes can hasten the development of climate resilient and productive mulberry varieties leading to the vertical and horizontal expansion for quality silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India.
| | - Thallapally Mogili
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
| | - Vankadara Sivaprasad
- Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 008, India
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Saeed B, Khurana P. Transcription activation activity of ERD15 protein from Morus indica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:174-178. [PMID: 27940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early Responsive to Dehydration (ERD) genes are described as rapid response mediators of dehydration stress. Recently, ERD15 has emerged as a novel stress induced transcription factor which might be involved in mediating distinct stress responses in plants. In order to determine whether mulberry ERD15 can act as functional transcription factor, yeast-based assays were performed. Mulberry ERD15 was found to drive high level reporter gene expression in yeast which suggests it may function as a transcription factor. However, due to lack of an identifiable DNA binding domain, deletion analysis was carried out to determine the putative region of the protein involved in mediating protein-DNA interaction. Our results indicate that the region between 70 and 100 amino acids is critical in conferring transcription activation activity and might harbor the DNA binding region of ERD15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saeed
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Development and Characterization of Genic SSR Markers from Indian Mulberry Transcriptome and Their Transferability to Related Species of Moraceae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162909. [PMID: 27669004 PMCID: PMC5036888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving mulberry leaf production with enhanced leaf quality holds the key to sustain the ever increasing demand for silk. Adoption of modern genomic approaches for crop improvement is severely constrained by the lack of sufficient molecular markers in mulberry. Here, we report development and validation of 206 EST derived SSR markers using transcriptome data generated from leaf tissue of a drought tolerant mulberry genotype, Dudia white. Analysis of transcriptome data containing 10169 EST sequences, revealed 1469 sequences with microsatellite repeat motifs. We designed a total of 264 primers to the most appropriate repeat regions, of which 206 were locus specific. These markers were validated with 25 diverse mulberry accessions and their transferability to closely related species belonging to family Moraceae was examined. Of these markers, 189 revealed polymorphism with up to 8 allelic forms across mulberry species, genotypes and varieties with a mean of 3.5 alleles per locus. The markers also revealed higher polymorphic information content of 0.824 among the accessions. These markers effectively segregated the species and genotypes and hence, can be used for both diversity analysis and in breeding applications. Around 40% of these markers were transferable to other closely related species. Along with the other genic and genomic markers, we report a set of over 750 co-dominant markers. Using these markers we constructed the first genetic linkage map of mulberry exclusively with co-dominant markers.
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Volkov V, Cavaco-Paulo A. In vitro phosphorylation as tool for modification of silk and keratin fibrous materials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4337-45. [PMID: 27075736 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given of the recent work on in vitro enzymatic phosphorylation of silk fibroin and human hair keratin. Opposing to many chemical "conventional" approaches, enzymatic phosphorylation is in fact a mild reaction and the treatment falls within "green chemistry" approach. Silk and keratin are not phosphorylated in vivo, but in vitro. This enzyme-driven modification is a major technological breakthrough. Harsh chemical chemicals are avoided, and mild conditions make enzymatic phosphorylation a real "green chemistry" approach. The current communication presents a novel approach stating that enzyme phosphorylation may be used as a tool to modify the surface charge of biocompatible materials such as keratin and silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Volkov
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Saeed B, Baranwal VK, Khurana P. Comparative transcriptomics and comprehensive marker resource development in mulberry. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:98. [PMID: 26846165 PMCID: PMC4743097 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High potential of Morus laevigata and Morus serrata has been proposed in the breeding programs for Morus sp. However, due to the lack of dense molecular markers this goal is still in its nascent stage and not yet realized. We thus, sequenced the transcriptomes of these two wild Morus species and utilized the data for marker development. RESULTS We generated 87.0 and 80.3 Mb of transcriptome data from M. laevigata and M. serrata, respectively. The transcriptomes from M. laevigata and M. serrata, were assembled into 95,181 and 85,269 transcripts, respectively, and annotated. We identified around 24,049 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), 1,201,326 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 67,875 Insertion-Deletions (InDels). The variants having a higher impact were also identified and their effect was further investigated. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome resource from the wildly growing mulberry species developed in this study can find wide applicability in gene identification and/or characterization. It can also contribute immensely in the existing mulberry improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saeed
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Vinay K Baranwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Mathithumilan B, Kadam NN, Biradar J, Reddy SH, Ankaiah M, Narayanan MJ, Makarla U, Khurana P, Sreeman SM. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Morus spp. and assessment of their transferability to other closely related species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:194. [PMID: 24289047 PMCID: PMC3879070 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of genomics based breeding has emerged as a promising approach for achieving comprehensive crop improvement. Such an approach is more relevant in the case of perennial species like mulberry. However, unavailability of genomic resources of co-dominant marker systems has been the major constraint for adopting molecular breeding to achieve genetic enhancement of Mulberry. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a large number of locus specific genic and genomic SSR markers which can be effectively used for molecular characterization of mulberry species/genotypes. RESULT We analyzed a total of 3485 DNA sequences including genomic and expressed sequences (ESTs) of mulberry (Morus alba L.) genome. We identified 358 sequences to develop appropriate microsatellite primer pairs representing 222 genomic and 136 EST regions. Primers amplifying locus specific regions of Dudia white (a genotype of Morus alba L), were identified and 137 genomic and 51 genic SSR markers were standardized. A two pronged strategy was adopted to assess the applicability of these SSR markers using mulberry species and genotypes along with a few closely related species belonging to the family Moraceae viz., Ficus, Fig and Jackfruit. While 100% of these markers amplified specific loci on the mulberry genome, 79% were transferable to other related species indicating the robustness of these markers and the potential they hold in analyzing the molecular and genetic diversity among mulberry germplasm as well as other related species. The inherent ability of these markers in detecting heterozygosity combined with a high average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.559 ranging between 0.076 and 0.943 clearly demonstrates their potential as genomic resources in diversity analysis. The dissimilarity coefficient determined based on Neighbor joining method, revealed that the markers were successful in segregating the mulberry species, genotypes and other related species into distinct clusters. CONCLUSION We report a total of 188 genomic and genic SSR markers in Morus alba L. A large proportion of these markers (164) were polymorphic both among mulberry species and genotypes. A substantial number of these markers (149) were also transferable to other related species like Ficus, Fig and Jackfruit. The extent of polymorphism revealed and the ability to detect heterozygosity among the cross pollinated mulberry species and genotypes render these markers an invaluable genomic resource that can be utilized in assessing molecular diversity as well as in QTL mapping and subsequently mulberry crop improvement through MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyoti Biradar
- Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowmya H Reddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahadeva Ankaiah
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhura J Narayanan
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Udayakumar Makarla
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Checker VG, Khurana P. Molecular and functional characterization of mulberry EST encoding remorin (MiREM) involved in abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1729-41. [PMID: 23942844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Group1 remorins may help the plants to optimize their growth under adverse conditions by their involvement in mediating osmotic stress responses in plants. ABSTRACT Mulberry (Morus indica), a deciduous woody tree, serves as the cardinal component of the sericulture industry. Genomic endeavors in sequencing of mulberry ESTs provided clues to stress-specific clones, but their functional relevance remains fragmentary. Therefore in this study, we assessed the functional significance of a remorin gene family member that was identified in leaf ESTs. Remorins represent a large, plant-specific multigene family gaining importance in recent times with respect to their role in plant-microbe interactions, although their role in response to environmental stresses remains speculative as in vivo functions of remorin genes are limited. Mulberry remorin (MiREM) localizes to plasma membrane and is ubiquitously present in all plant organs. Expression analysis of MiREM by northern analysis reveals that its transcript increases under different abiotic stress conditions especially during dehydration and salt stress, implicating it in regulation of stress signaling pathways. Concomitantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heterologous remorin show tolerance to dehydration and salinity at the germination and seedling stages as revealed by percentage germination, root inhibition assays, fresh weight and activity of photosystem II. This study predicts the possible function of group 1 remorin gene in mediating osmotic stress thus bringing novel perspectives in understanding the function of remorins in plant abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Li M, Li Y, Li H, Wu G. Improvement of paper mulberry tolerance to abiotic stresses by ectopic expression of tall fescue FaDREB1. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:104-13. [PMID: 22170439 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element binding/C-repeat-binding factors (DREB/CBF) control the activity of multiple stress response genes and therefore represent attractive targets for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent) is well known for its bark fibers and high levels of chalcone and flavonoid derivatives. Transgenic paper mulberry plants expressing a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) FaDREB1 gene under the control of CaMV 35S were produced to examine the potential utility of FaDREB1 to increase the tolerance of paper mulberry plants to abiotic stress. The overexpressing FaDREB1 plants showed higher salt and drought tolerance than the wild-type plants (WT). After 13 days of withholding water, or 15 days in the presence of 250 mM NaCl, all the WT plants died, while the over-expressing FaDREB1 plants survived. The FaDREB1 plants had higher leaf water and leaf chlorophyll contents, accumulated more proline and soluble sugars, and had less ion leakage (which reflects membrane damage) than the WT plants had under high salt- and water-deficient conditions. The 35S promoter-driven expression of FaDREB1 did not cause growth retardation under normal growth conditions. Therefore, improved tolerance to multiple environmental stresses in paper mulberry might be achieved via genetic engineering through the ectopic expression of an FaDREB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
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Checker VG, Chhibbar AK, Khurana P. Stress-inducible expression of barley Hva1 gene in transgenic mulberry displays enhanced tolerance against drought, salinity and cold stress. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:939-57. [PMID: 22160463 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping with different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses is the foundation of sustainable agriculture. Although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection are being employed in mulberry (Morus indica L.) to develop better varieties, nonetheless the longer time periods required for these approaches necessitates the use of precise biotechnological approaches for sustainable agriculture. In an attempt to improve stress tolerance of mulberry, an important plant of the sericulture industry, an encoding late embryogenesis abundant gene from barley (HVA1) was introduced into mulberry plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic mulberry with barley Hva1 under a constitutive promoter actin1 was shown to enhance drought and salinity tolerance. Here, we report that overexpression of barley Hva1 also confers cold tolerance in transgenic mulberry. Further, barley Hva1 gene under control of a stress-inducible promoter rd29A can effectively negate growth retardation under non-stress conditions and confer stress tolerance in transgenic mulberry. Transgenic lines display normal morphology to enhanced growth and an increased tolerance against drought, salt and cold conditions as measured by free proline, membrane stability index and PSII activity. Protein accumulation was detected under stress conditions confirming inductive expression of HVA1 in transgenics. Investigations to assess stress tolerance of these plants under field conditions revealed an overall better performance than the non-transgenic plants. Enhanced expression of stress responsive genes such as Mi dnaJ and Mi 2-cysperoxidin suggests that Hva1 can regulate downstream genes associated with providing abiotic stress tolerance. The investigation of transgenic lines presented here demonstrates the acquisition of tolerance against drought, salt and cold stress in plants overexpressing barley Hva1, indicating that Arabidopsis rd29A promoter can function in mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Horn ME, Hahne G, Reski R. Plant biotechnology in support of the Millennium Goals II. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:677-679. [PMID: 21442401 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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