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Run Y, Cheng X, Dou W, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Liu T, Xu H. Wheat potassium transporter TaHAK13 mediates K + absorption and maintains potassium homeostasis under low potassium stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1103235. [PMID: 36618640 PMCID: PMC9816385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant physiological processes. Members of the HAK/KUP/KT gene family act as potassium transporters, and the family plays an important role in potassium uptake and utilization in plants. In this study, the TaHAK13 gene was cloned from wheat and its function characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that TaHAK13 expression was induced by environmental stress and up-regulated under drought (PEG6000), low potassium (LK), and salt (NaCl) stress. GUS staining indicated that TaHAK13 was mainly expressed in the leaf veins, stems, and root tips in Arabidopsis thaliana, and expression varied with developmental stage. TaHAK13 mediated K+ absorption when heterologously expressed in yeast CY162 strains, and its activity was slightly stronger than that of a TaHAK1 positive control. Subcellular localization analysis illustrated that TaHAK13 was located to the plasma membrane. When c(K+) ≤0.01 mM, the root length and fresh weight of TaHAK13 transgenic lines (athak5/TaHAK13, Col/TaHAK13) were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic lines (athak5, Col). Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) indicated that the net K influx of the transgenic lines was also higher than that of the non-transgenic lines. This suggests that TaHAK13 promotes K+ absorption, especially in low potassium media. Membrane-based yeast two-hybrid (MbY2H) and luciferase complementation assays (LCA) showed that TaHAK13 interacted with TaNPF5.10 and TaNPF6.3. Our findings have helped to clarify the biological functions of TaHAK13 and established a theoretical framework to dissect its function in wheat.
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Life after Harvest: Circadian Regulation in Photosynthetic Pigments of Rocket Leaves during Supermarket Storage Affects the Nutritional Quality. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071519. [PMID: 31277441 PMCID: PMC6682859 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, once harvested and stored on supermarket shelves, continue to perform biochemical adjustments due to their modular nature and their ability to retain physiological autonomy. They can live after being harvested. In particular, the content of some essential nutraceuticals, such as carotenoids, can be altered in response to environmental or internal stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we wondered whether endogenous rhythms continue to operate in commercial vegetables and if so, whether vegetable nutritional quality could be altered by such cycles. Our experimental model consisted of rocket leaves entrained under light/darkness cycles of 12/12 h over 3 days, and then we examined free-run oscillations for 2 days under continuous light or continuous darkness, which led to chlorophyll and carotenoid oscillations in both constant conditions. Given the importance of preserving food quality, the existence of such internal rhythms during continuous conditions may open new research perspective in nutrition science. However, while chromatographic techniques employed to determine pigment composition are accurate, they are also time-consuming and expensive. Here we propose for the first time an alternative method to estimate pigment content and the nutritional quality by the use of non-destructive and in situ optical techniques. These results are promising for nutritional quality assessments.
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Overexpression of the ChVDE gene, encoding a violaxanthin de-epoxidase, improves tolerance to drought and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:197. [PMID: 31065497 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the protective mechanism of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) zeaxanthin in Cerasus humilis under drought and salt-stress conditions, we cloned the entire cDNA sequence of ChVDE from C. humilis and generated ChVDE-overexpression (OE) and ChVDE-complementation (CE) Arabidopsis plants. The open reading frame of ChVDE contained 1,446 bp nucleotides and encoded 481 amino acids. The ChVDE showed the highest similarity with those of Camellia sinensis and Citrus sinensis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ChVDE was located in the chloroplasts. OE plants showed stronger root growth and higher levels of total chlorophyll as compared to WT and VDE mutant (npq1-2) plants. Moreover, the relative de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (A + Z)/(V + A+Z) was higher in OE plants than in the controls. OE plants had enhanced photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, and transpiration rates compared with the WT or npq1-2 plants after drought or salt treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ChVDE plays a positive role in both drought and salt tolerance.
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García-Plazaola JI, Fernández-Marín B, Ferrio JP, Alday JG, Hoch G, Landais D, Milcu A, Tissue DT, Voltas J, Gessler A, Roy J, Resco de Dios V. Endogenous circadian rhythms in pigment composition induce changes in photochemical efficiency in plant canopies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1153-1162. [PMID: 28098350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the circadian clock is a significant driver of photosynthesis that becomes apparent when environmental cues are experimentally held constant. We studied whether the composition of photosynthetic pigments is under circadian regulation, and whether pigment oscillations lead to rhythmic changes in photochemical efficiency. To address these questions, we maintained canopies of bean and cotton, after an entrainment phase, under constant (light or darkness) conditions for 30-48 h. Photosynthesis and quantum yield peaked at subjective noon, and non-photochemical quenching peaked at night. These oscillations were not associated with parallel changes in carbohydrate content or xanthophyll cycle activity. We observed robust oscillations of Chl a/b during constant light in both species, and also under constant darkness in bean, peaking when it would have been night during the entrainment (subjective nights). These oscillations could be attributed to the synthesis and/or degradation of trimeric light-harvesting complex II (reflected by the rhythmic changes in Chl a/b), with the antenna size minimal at night and maximal around subjective noon. Considering together the oscillations of pigments and photochemistry, the observed pattern of changes is counterintuitive if we assume that the plant strategy is to avoid photodamage, but consistent with a strategy where non-stressed plants maximize photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, A6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Josu G Alday
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Landais
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, CNRS, UPS-3248, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, CNRS, UPS-3248, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE-CNRS, UMR-5175, Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jacques Roy
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, CNRS, UPS-3248, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
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Li X, Sui X, Zhao W, Huang H, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Characterization of cucumber violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene promoter in Arabidopsis. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:470-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guan C, Ji J, Zhang X, Li X, Jin C, Guan W, Wang G. Positive feedback regulation of a Lycium chinense-derived VDE gene by drought-induced endogenous ABA, and over-expression of this VDE gene improve drought-induced photo-damage in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 175:26-36. [PMID: 25460873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) plays an important role in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-damage by dissipating excessively absorbed light energy as heat, via the conversion of violaxanthin (V) to intermediate product antheraxanthin (A) and final product zeaxanthin (Z) under light stress. We have cloned a VDE gene (LcVDE) from Lycium chinense, a deciduous woody perennial halophyte, which can grow in a large variety of soil types. The amino acid sequence of LcVDE has high homology with VDEs in other plants. Under drought stress, relative expression of LcVDE and the de-epoxidation ratio (Z+0.5A)/(V+A+Z) increased rapidly, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) also rose. Interestingly, these elevations induced by drought stress were reduced by the topical administration of abamine SG, a potent ABA inhibitor via inhibition of NCED in the ABA synthesis pathway. Until now, little has been done to explore the relationship between endogenous ABA and the expression of VDE genes. Since V serves as a common precursor for ABA, these data support the possible involvement of endogenous ABA in the positive feedback regulation of LcVDE gene expression in L. chinense under drought stress. Moreover, the LcVDE may be involved in modulating the level of photosynthesis damage caused by drought stress. Furthermore, the ratio of (Z+0.5A)/(V+A+Z) and NPQ increased more in transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing LcVDE gene than the wild types under drought stress. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry of PSII (Fv/Fm) in transgenic Arabidopsis decreased more slowly during the stressed period than that in wild types under the same conditions. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing LcVDE showed increased tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhu Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Zhao W, Sun X, Huang H, Kong L, Niu D, Sui X, Zhang Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (CsVDE) in cucumber. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64383. [PMID: 23717606 PMCID: PMC3661449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) plays an important role in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-damage by dissipating excessively absorbed light energy as heat, via the conversion of violaxanthin (V) to intermediate product antheraxanthin (A) and final product zeaxanthin (Z) under high light stress. We have cloned a violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene (CsVDE) from cucumber. The amino acid sequence of CsVDE has high homology with VDEs in other plants. RT-PCR analysis and histochemical staining show that CsVDE is expressed in all green tissues in cucumber and Arabidopsis. Using GFP fusion protein and immunogold labeling methods, we show that CsVDE is mainly localized in chloroplasts in cucumber. Under high light stress, relative expression of CsVDE and the de-epoxidation ratio (A+Z)/(V+A+Z) is increased rapidly, and abundance of the gold particles was also increased. Furthermore, CsVDE is quickly induced by cold and drought stress, reaching maximum levels at the 2(nd) hour and the 9(th) day, respectively. The ratio of (A+Z)/(V+A+Z) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is reduced in transgenic Arabidopsis down-regulated by the antisense fragment of CsVDE, compared to wild type (WT) Arabidopsis under high light stress. This indicates decreased functionality of the xanthophyll cycle and increased sensitivity to photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) in transgenic Arabidopsis under high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingcui Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- Ecological Laboratory, Ecotech Ecological Technology Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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