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Feng S, Wang H, Li X, Li W, Bai Z. Gene identification and functional analysis of a D-type cyclin (CCND2) in freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6601-6611. [PMID: 35616759 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D (CCND) plays an important role in the cell cycle and is a rate-limiting factor that facilitates the G1/S transition. METHODS In this study, the full-length cDNA of Hc-CCND2 was isolated from freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii; Hc) and amplified using the 3´/5´ RACE system. The Hc-CCND2 expression profiles were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Functional analysis of the Hc-CCND2 genes was examined by both RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression in H. cumingii. RESULTS Hc-CCND2 protein sequences were 295 amino acids long, possessed D-type cyclin signature motifs and contained conserved cyclin box domains. Hc-CCND2 was expressed in all examined tissues (adductor, foot, visceral mass, gill, outer mantle, inner mantle and gonad), with the highest expression levels found in the gill (P < 0.05). During the different developmental periods of the embryo, the relative expression of Hc-CCND2 increased with embryonic development, peaking at the blastula stage and decreasing significantly in the gastrula stage. After knockdown of Hc-CCND2 by RNAi, a significant decrease in CDK6 expression levels was found, while the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase significantly increased. Overexpression of Hc-CCND2 in mantle cells led to increased proliferation of cultured cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that Hc-CCND2 may promote cell cycle progression in H. cumingii, and that overexpression of Hc-CCND2 promotes mantle cell proliferation. These findings may provide a novel approach for improving the slow proliferation rate of shellfish cells in in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShangLe Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - XueNan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - WenJuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - ZhiYi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Zhao Z, Zheng T, Dai L, Liu Y, Li S, Qu G. Ectopic Expression of Poplar PsnCYCD1;1 Reduces Cell Size and Regulates Flower Organ Development in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:868731. [PMID: 35463407 PMCID: PMC9021869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.868731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The D-type cyclin (CYCD) gene, as the rate-limiting enzyme in the G1 phase of cell cycle, plays a vital role in the process of plant growth and development. Early studies on plant cyclin mostly focused on herbs, such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The sustainable growth ability of woody plants is a unique characteristic in the study of plant cyclin. Here, the promoter of PsnCYCD1;1 was cloned from poplar by PCR and genetically transformed into tobacco. A strong GUS activity was observed in the areas with vigorous cell division, such as stem tips, lateral buds, and young leaves. The PsnCYCD1;1-GFP fusion expression vector was transformed into tobacco, and the green fluorescence signal was observed in the nucleus. Compared with the control plant, the transgenic tobacco showed significant changes in the flower organs, such as enlargement of sepals, petals, and fruits. Furthermore, the stems of transgenic plants were slightly curved at each stem node, the leaves were curled on the adaxial side, and the fruits were seriously aborted after artificial pollination. Microscopic observation showed that the epidermal cells of petals, leaves, and seed coats of transgenic plants became smaller. The transcriptional levels of endogenous genes, such as NtCYCDs, NtSTM, NtKNAT1, and NtASs, were upregulated by PsnCYCD1;1. Therefore, PsnCYCD1;1 gene played an important role in the regulation of flower organ and stem development, providing new understanding for the functional characterization of CYCD gene and new resources for improving the ornamental value of horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Kopertekh L, Reichardt S. At-CycD2 Enhances Accumulation of Above-Ground Biomass and Recombinant Proteins in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712438. [PMID: 34567027 PMCID: PMC8460762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana holds great potential for recombinant protein manufacturing due to its advantages in terms of speed and yield compared to stably transformed plants. To continue improving the quantity of recombinant proteins the plant host will need to be modified at both plant and cellular levels. In attempt to increase leaf mass fraction, we transformed N. benthamiana with the At-CycD2 gene, a positive regulator of the cell cycle. Phenotypic characterization of the T1 progeny plants revealed their accelerated above-ground biomass accumulation and enhanced rate of leaf initiation. In comparison to non-transgenic control the best performing line At-CycD2-15 provided 143 and 140% higher leaf and stem biomass fractions, respectively. The leaf area enlargement of the At-CycD2-15 genotype was associated with the increase of epidermal cell number compensated by slightly reduced cell size. The production capacity of the At-CycD2-15 transgenic line was superior to that of the non-transgenic N. benthamiana. The accumulation of transiently expressed GFP and scFv-TM43-E10 proteins per unit biomass was increased by 138.5 and 156.7%, respectively, compared to the wild type. With these results we demonstrate the potential of cell cycle regulator gene At-CycD2 to modulate both plant phenotype and intracellular environment of N. benthamiana for enhanced recombinant protein yield.
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Ye J, Tian R, Meng X, Tao P, Li C, Liu G, Chen W, Wang Y, Li H, Ye Z, Zhang Y. Tomato SD1, encoding a kinase-interacting protein, is a major locus controlling stem development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3575-3587. [PMID: 32249906 PMCID: PMC7307856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stems serve as key determinants of plant development by connecting and supporting parts of the plant body, transporting nutrients important for long-distance communication that affect crop yield, and producing new organs. Nonetheless, studies on the regulation of stem development in crops are rather limited. Here, we found a significant correlation (P<0.001) between stem diameter (SD) and fruit size in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We performed a genome-wide association study and identified a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL), SDR9 (stem diameter regulator on CHROMOSOME 9), that co-localized with a gene encoding a kinase-interacting family protein (KIP), which is the most likely candidate gene related to SD (hereafter referred to as SD1). Overexpression of SD1 in thin-stem accessions resulted in increased SD. In contrast, suppressed expression of SD1 in thick-stem accessions using RNA interference exhibited the opposite effect. Further microscopic analyses showed that SD1 affected the stem diameter by controlling the size and number of secondary phloem cells. An 11-bp indel in the promoter region of SD1 that disrupts a gibberellin-responsive cis-element was linked to SD. Expression analysis revealed that SD1 was mainly expressed at the cambium of the stem and positively regulates stem development. Evolutionary analysis revealed that the thick-stem allele of SD1 was selected during the recent process of tomato improvement. Our results provide novel genetic and molecular insight into natural variation of SD in tomato and may accelerate the breeding of high yield tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ranwen Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwen Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: or
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Lee KH, Avci U, Qi L, Wang H. The α-Aurora Kinases Function in Vascular Development in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:188-201. [PMID: 30329113 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinases with conserved functions in mitotic cell division in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, Aurora kinases play important roles in primary meristem maintenance, but their functions in vascular development are still elusive. We report a dominant xdi-d mutant showing the xylem development inhibition (XDI) phenotype. Gene identification and transgenic overexpression experiments indicated that the activation of the Arabidopsis Aurora 2 (AtAUR2) gene is responsible for the XDI phenotype. In contrast, the aur1-2 aur2-2 double mutant plants showed enhanced differentiation of phloem and xylem cells, indicating that the Aurora kinases negatively affect xylem differentiation. The transcript levels of key regulatory genes in vascular cell differentiation, i.e. ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT (APL), VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN 6 (VND6) and VND7, were higher in the aur1-2 aur2-2 double mutant and lower in xdi-d mutants compared with the wild-type plants, further supporting the functions of α-Aurora kinases in vascular development. Gene mutagenesis and transgenic studies showed that protein phosphorylation and substrate binding, but not protein dimerization and ubiquitination, are critical for the biological function of AtAUR2. These results indicate that α-Aurora kinases play key roles in vascular cell differentiation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hee Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Utku Avci
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Milhinhos A, Miguel CM. Hormone interactions in xylem development: a matter of signals. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:867-83. [PMID: 23532297 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Xylem provides long-distance transport of water and nutrients as well as structural support in plants. The development of the xylem tissues is modulated by several internal signals. In the last decades, the bloom of genetic and genomic tools has led to increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of the traditional plant hormones in xylem specification and differentiation. Critical functions have been assigned to novel signaling molecules, such as thermospermine. These signals do not function independently, but interact in a manner we are only now beginning to understand. We review the current knowledge of hormone signaling pathways and their crosstalk in cambial cell initiation and maintenance, and in xylem specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milhinhos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
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