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Ye X, Huang HY, Wu FL, Cai LY, Lai NW, Deng CL, Guo JX, Yang LT, Chen LS. Molecular mechanisms for magnesium-deficiency-induced leaf vein lignification, enlargement and cracking in Citrus sinensis revealed by RNA-Seq. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:280-301. [PMID: 33104211 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck seedlings were fertigated with nutrient solution containing 2 [magnesium (Mg)-sufficiency] or 0 mM (Mg-deficiency) Mg(NO3)2 for 16 weeks. Thereafter, RNA-Seq was used to investigate Mg-deficiency-responsive genes in the veins of upper and lower leaves in order to understand the molecular mechanisms for Mg-deficiency-induced vein lignification, enlargement and cracking, which appeared only in the lower leaves. In this study, 3065 upregulated and 1220 downregulated, and 1390 upregulated and 375 downregulated genes were identified in Mg-deficiency veins of lower leaves (MDVLL) vs Mg-sufficiency veins of lower leaves (MSVLL) and Mg-deficiency veins of upper leaves (MDVUL) vs Mg-sufficiency veins of upper leaves (MSVUL), respectively. There were 1473 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MDVLL vs MSVLL and MDVUL vs MSVUL, 1463 of which displayed the same expression trend. Magnesium-deficiency-induced lignification, enlargement and cracking in veins of lower leaves might be related to the following factors: (i) numerous transciption factors and genes involved in lignin biosynthesis pathways, regulation of cell cycle and cell wall metabolism were upregulated; and (ii) reactive oxygen species, phytohormone and cell wall integrity signalings were activated. Conjoint analysis of proteome and transcriptome indicated that there were 287 and 56 common elements between DEGs and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified in MDVLL vs MSVLL and MDVUL vs MSVUL, respectively, and that among these common elements, the abundances of 198 and 55 DAPs matched well with the transcript levels of the corresponding DEGs in MDVLL vs MSVLL and MDVUL vs MSVUL, respectively, indicating the existence of concordances between protein and transcript levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng-Lin Wu
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Ya Cai
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chong-Ling Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, 40 Putuo Road, Qixing District, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiu-Xin Guo
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Genome-wide analysis of general phenylpropanoid and monolignol-specific metabolism genes in sugarcane. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:73-99. [PMID: 33404914 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the main component of secondary cell walls and is essential for plant development and defense. However, lignin is recognized as a major recalcitrant factor for efficiency of industrial biomass processing. Genes involved in general phenylpropanoid and monolignol-specific metabolism in sugarcane have been previously analyzed at the transcriptomic level. Nevertheless, the number of genes identified in this species is still very low. The recently released sugarcane genome sequence has allowed the genome-wide characterization of the 11 gene families involved in the monolignol biosynthesis branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway. After an exhaustive analysis of sugarcane genomes, 438 haplotypes derived from 175 candidate genes from Saccharum spontaneum and 144 from Saccharum hybrid R570 were identified as associated with this biosynthetic route. The phylogenetic analyses, combined with the search for protein conserved residues involved in the catalytic activity of the encoded enzymes, were employed to identify the family members potentially involved in developmental lignification. Accordingly, 15 candidates were identified as bona fide lignin biosynthesis genes: PTAL1, PAL2, C4H4, 4CL1, HCT1, HCT2, C3'H1, C3'H2, CCoAOMT1, COMT1, F5H1, CCR1, CCR2, CAD2, and CAD7. For this core set of lignin biosynthetic genes, we searched for the chromosomal location, the gene expression pattern, the promoter cis-acting elements, and microRNA targets. Altogether, our results present a comprehensive characterization of sugarcane general phenylpropanoid and monolignol-specific genes, providing the basis for further functional studies focusing on lignin biosynthesis manipulation and biotechnological strategies to improve sugarcane biomass utilization.
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Pramod S, Saha T, Rekha K, Kavi Kishor PB. Hevea brasiliensis coniferaldehyde-5-hydroxylase (HbCAld5H) regulates xylogenesis, structure and lignin chemistry of xylem cell wall in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:127-142. [PMID: 33068174 PMCID: PMC7811508 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The HbCAld5H1 gene cloned from Hevea brasiliensis regulates the cambial activity, xylem differentiation, syringyl-guaiacyl ratio, secondary wall structure, lignification pattern and xylan distribution in xylem fibres of transgenic tobacco plants. Molecular characterization of lignin biosynthesis gene coniferaldehyde-5-hydroxylase (CAld5H) from Hevea brasiliensis and its functional validation was performed. Both sense and antisense constructs of HbCAld5H1 gene were introduced into tobacco through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation for over expression and down-regulation of this key enzyme to understand its role affecting structural and cell wall chemistry. The anatomical studies of transgenic tobacco plants revealed the increase of cambial activity leading to xylogenesis in sense lines and considerable reduction in antisense lines. The ultra-structural studies showed that the thickness of secondary wall (S2 layer) of fibre had been decreased with non-homogenous lignin distribution in antisense lines, while sense lines showed an increase in S2 layer thickness. Maule color reaction revealed that syringyl lignin distribution in the xylem elements was increased in sense and decreased in antisense lines. The immunoelectron microscopy revealed a reduction in LM 10 and LM 11 labelling in the secondary wall of antisense tobacco lines. Biochemical studies showed a radical increase in syringyl lignin in sense lines without any significant change in total lignin content, while S/G ratio decreased considerably in antisense lines. Our results suggest that CAld5H gene plays an important role in xylogenesis stages such as cambial cell division, secondary wall thickness, xylan and syringyl lignin distribution in tobacco. Therefore, CAld5H gene could be considered as a promising target for lignin modification essential for timber quality improvement in rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pramod
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-87, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Thakurdas Saha
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India
| | - K Rekha
- Advanced Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board, Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Qin W, Yin Q, Chen J, Zhao X, Yue F, He J, Yang L, Liu L, Zeng Q, Lu F, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M, Wu AM. The class II KNOX transcription factors KNAT3 and KNAT7 synergistically regulate monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5469-5483. [PMID: 32474603 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The function of the transcription factor KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (KNAT7) is still unclear since it appears to be either a negative or a positive regulator for secondary cell wall deposition with its loss-of-function mutant displaying thicker interfascicular and xylary fiber cell walls but thinner vessel cell walls in inflorescence stems. To explore the exact function of KNAT7, class II KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX II) genes in Arabidopsis including KNAT3, KNAT4, and KNAT5 were studied together. By chimeric repressor technology, we found that both KNAT3 and KNAT7 repressors exhibited a similar dwarf phenotype. Both KNAT3 and KNAT7 genes were expressed in the inflorescence stems and the knat3 knat7 double mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype similar to the repressor lines. A stem cross-section of knat3 knat7 displayed an enhanced irregular xylem phenotype as compared with the single mutants, and its cell wall thickness in xylem vessels and interfascicular fibers was significantly reduced. Analysis of cell wall chemical composition revealed that syringyl lignin was significantly decreased while guaiacyl lignin was increased in the knat3 knat7 double mutant. Coincidently, the knat3 knat7 transcriptome showed that most lignin pathway genes were activated, whereas the syringyl lignin-related gene Ferulate 5-Hydroxylase (F5H) was down-regulated. Protein interaction analysis revealed that KNAT3 and KNAT7 can form a heterodimer, and KNAT3, but not KNAT7, can interact with the key secondary cell wall formation transcription factors NST1/2, which suggests that the KNAT3-NST1/2 heterodimer complex regulates F5H to promote syringyl lignin synthesis. These results indicate that KNAT3 and KNAT7 synergistically work together to promote secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qingyin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Babar U, Nawaz MA, Arshad U, Azhar MT, Atif RM, Golokhvast KS, Tsatsakis AM, Shcerbakova K, Chung G, Rana IA. Transgenic crops for the agricultural improvement in Pakistan: a perspective of environmental stresses and the current status of genetically modified crops. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:1-29. [PMID: 31679447 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for crop improvement in terms of yield, quality, and quantity in many countries of the world. However, concerns also exist about the possible risks involved in transgenic crop cultivation. In this review, literature is analyzed to gauge the real intensity of the issues caused by environmental stresses in Pakistan. In addition, the research work on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) development and their performance is analyzed to serve as a guide for the scientists to help them select useful genes for crop transformation in Pakistan. The funding of GMOs research in Pakistan shows that it does not follow the global trend. We also present socio-economic impact of GM crops and political dimensions in the seed sector and the policies of the government. We envisage that this review provides guidelines for public and private sectors as well as the policy makers in Pakistan and in other countries that face similar environmental threats posed by the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Babar
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Usama Arshad
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kseniia Shcerbakova
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Liu JX, Feng K, Wang GL, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. Elevated CO 2 induces alteration in lignin accumulation in celery (Apium graveolens L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:310-319. [PMID: 29653434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important regulator of plant growth and development, and its proportion in the atmosphere continues to rise now. Lignin is one of the major secondary products in plants with vital biological functions. However, the relationship between CO2 level and xylogenesis in celery is still unknown. In order to investigate the effects of increasing CO2 concentration on lignin accumulation in celery, 'Jinnanshiqin' were exposed to two CO2 applications, 400 (e0) and 1000 μmol mol-1 (e1), respectively. Plant morphology and lignin distribution in celery plants treated with elevated CO2 did not change significantly. There was an upward trend on lignin content in celery leaves, and the transcript abundance of 12 genes involved in lignin metabolism has altered in response to elevated CO2. The effects of high level of CO2 on different tissues were different. Our works confirmed that CO2 may play an important role in lignin accumulation in celery leaves. The current study will offer new evidence to understand the regulation mechanism of lignin biosynthesis under elevated CO2 and provide a reference to improve celery quality by adjusting the growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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7
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Sibout R, Proost S, Hansen BO, Vaid N, Giorgi FM, Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Legée F, Cézart L, Bouchabké-Coussa O, Soulhat C, Provart N, Pasha A, Le Bris P, Roujol D, Hofte H, Jamet E, Lapierre C, Persson S, Mutwil M. Expression atlas and comparative coexpression network analyses reveal important genes involved in the formation of lignified cell wall in Brachypodium distachyon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1009-1025. [PMID: 28617955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is an emerging model for grasses, no expression atlas or gene coexpression network is available. Such tools are of high importance to provide insights into the function of Brachypodium genes. We present a detailed Brachypodium expression atlas, capturing gene expression in its major organs at different developmental stages. The data were integrated into a large-scale coexpression database ( www.gene2function.de), enabling identification of duplicated pathways and conserved processes across 10 plant species, thus allowing genome-wide inference of gene function. We highlight the importance of the atlas and the platform through the identification of duplicated cell wall modules, and show that a lignin biosynthesis module is conserved across angiosperms. We identified and functionally characterised a putative ferulate 5-hydroxylase gene through overexpression of it in Brachypodium, which resulted in an increase in lignin syringyl units and reduced lignin content of mature stems, and led to improved saccharification of the stem biomass. Our Brachypodium expression atlas thus provides a powerful resource to reveal functionally related genes, which may advance our understanding of important biological processes in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sibout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Bjoern Oest Hansen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Neha Vaid
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Severine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Laurent Cézart
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Oumaya Bouchabké-Coussa
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Camille Soulhat
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Nicholas Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Herman Hofte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Catherine Lapierre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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Abstract
New crops are gradually establishing along with cultivation systems to reduce reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves and sustain better adaptation to climate change. These biological assets could be efficiently exploited as bioenergy feedstocks. Bioenergy crops are versatile renewable sources with the potential to alternatively contribute on a daily basis towards the coverage of modern society's energy demands. Biotechnology may facilitate the breeding of elite energy crop genotypes, better suited for bio-processing and subsequent use that will improve efficiency, further reduce costs, and enhance the environmental benefits of biofuels. Innovative molecular techniques may improve a broad range of important features including biomass yield, product quality and resistance to biotic factors like pests or microbial diseases or environmental cues such as drought, salinity, freezing injury or heat shock. The current review intends to assess the capacity of biotechnological applications to develop a beneficial bioenergy pipeline extending from feedstock development to sustainable biofuel production and provide examples of the current state of the art on future energy crops.
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Ho-Yue-Kuang S, Alvarado C, Antelme S, Bouchet B, Cézard L, Le Bris P, Legée F, Maia-Grondard A, Yoshinaga A, Saulnier L, Guillon F, Sibout R, Lapierre C, Chateigner-Boutin AL. Mutation in Brachypodium caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 6 alters stem and grain lignins and improves straw saccharification without deteriorating grain quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:227-37. [PMID: 26433202 PMCID: PMC4682429 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crop by-products are a promising source of renewable raw material for the production of biofuel from lignocellulose. However, their enzymatic conversion to fermentable sugars is detrimentally affected by lignins. Here the characterization of the Brachypodium Bd5139 mutant provided with a single nucleotide mutation in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase BdCOMT6 gene is reported. This BdCOMT6-deficient mutant displayed a moderately altered lignification in mature stems. The lignin-related BdCOMT6 gene was also found to be expressed in grains, and the alterations of Bd5139 grain lignins were found to mirror nicely those evidenced in stem lignins. The Bd5139 grains displayed similar size and composition to the control. Complementation experiments carried out by introducing the mutated gene into the AtCOMT1-deficient Arabidopsis mutant demonstrated that the mutated BdCOMT6 protein was still functional. Such a moderate down-regulation of lignin-related COMT enzyme reduced the straw recalcitrance to saccharification, without compromising the vegetative or reproductive development of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ho-Yue-Kuang
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Camille Alvarado
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Antelme
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Brigitte Bouchet
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Legée
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | | | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Luc Saulnier
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Guillon
- INRA-UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Richard Sibout
- INRA-UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78026 Versailles, France
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Yoon J, Choi H, An G. Roles of lignin biosynthesis and regulatory genes in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:902-12. [PMID: 26297385 PMCID: PMC5111759 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits, biofuel production, and the pulping industry. Most lignin biosynthesis genes and their regulatory genes are expressed mainly in the vascular bundles of stems and leaves, preferentially in tissues undergoing lignification. Other genes are poorly expressed during normal stages of development, but are strongly induced by abiotic or biotic stresses. Some are expressed in non-lignifying tissues such as the shoot apical meristem. Alterations in lignin levels affect plant development. Suppression of lignin biosynthesis genes causes abnormal phenotypes such as collapsed xylem, bending stems, and growth retardation. The loss of expression by genes that function early in the lignin biosynthesis pathway results in more severe developmental phenotypes when compared with plants that have mutations in later genes. Defective lignin deposition is also associated with phenotypes of seed shattering or brittle culm. MYB and NAC transcriptional factors function as switches, and some homeobox proteins negatively control lignin biosynthesis genes. Ectopic deposition caused by overexpression of lignin biosynthesis genes or master switch genes induces curly leaf formation and dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech InstituteKyung Hee UniversityYongin446‐701Korea
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Heebak Choi
- Crop Biotech InstituteKyung Hee UniversityYongin446‐701Korea
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech InstituteKyung Hee UniversityYongin446‐701Korea
- Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYongin446‐701Korea
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Carocha V, Soler M, Hefer C, Cassan-Wang H, Fevereiro P, Myburg AA, Paiva JAP, Grima-Pettenati J. Genome-wide analysis of the lignin toolbox of Eucalyptus grandis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1297-313. [PMID: 25684249 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a major component of secondary cell walls, hinders the optimal processing of wood for industrial uses. The recent availability of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allows comprehensive analysis of the genes encoding the 11 protein families specific to the lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway and identification of those mainly involved in xylem developmental lignification. We performed genome-wide identification of putative members of the lignin gene families, followed by comparative phylogenetic studies focusing on bona fide clades inferred from genes functionally characterized in other species. RNA-seq and microfluid real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) expression data were used to investigate the developmental and environmental responsive expression patterns of the genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 38 E. grandis genes are located in bona fide lignification clades. Four multigene families (shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase (COMT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)) are expanded by tandem gene duplication compared with other plant species. Seventeen of the 38 genes exhibited strong, preferential expression in highly lignified tissues, probably representing the E. grandis core lignification toolbox. The identification of major genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in E. grandis, the most widely planted hardwood crop world-wide, provides the foundation for the development of biotechnology approaches to develop tree varieties with enhanced processing qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carocha
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UPS, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Química Biológica (ITQB), Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Av. da República, 2781-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Científica e Tropical (IICT/MNE), Palácio Burnay, Rua da Junqueira, 30, 1349-007, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marçal Soler
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UPS, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Charles Hefer
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hua Cassan-Wang
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UPS, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Pedro Fevereiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Química Biológica (ITQB), Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Av. da República, 2781-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jorge A P Paiva
- Instituto de Investigação Científica e Tropical (IICT/MNE), Palácio Burnay, Rua da Junqueira, 30, 1349-007, Lisboa, Portugal
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UPS, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Jia XL, Wang GL, Xiong F, Yu XR, Xu ZS, Wang F, Xiong AS. De novo assembly, transcriptome characterization, lignin accumulation, and anatomic characteristics: novel insights into lignin biosynthesis during celery leaf development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8259. [PMID: 25651889 PMCID: PMC4317703 DOI: 10.1038/srep08259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery of the family Apiaceae is a biennial herb that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Lignin is essential for cell wall structural integrity, stem strength, water transport, mechanical support, and plant pathogen defense. This study discussed the mechanism of lignin formation at different stages of celery development. The transcriptome profile, lignin distribution, anatomical characteristics, and expression profile of leaves at three stages were analyzed. Regulating lignin synthesis in celery growth development has a significant economic value. Celery leaves at three stages were collected, and Illumina paired-end sequencing technology was used to analyze large-scale transcriptome sequences. From Stage 1 to 3, the collenchyma and vascular bundles in the petioles and leaf blades thickened and expanded, whereas the phloem and the xylem extensively developed. Spongy and palisade mesophyll tissues further developed and were tightly arranged. Lignin accumulation increased in the petioles and the mesophyll (palisade and spongy), and the xylem showed strong lignification. Lignin accumulation in different tissues and at different stages of celery development coincides with the anatomic characteristics and transcript levels of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Identifying the genes that encode lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes accompanied by lignin distribution may help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratories of Crop Genetics and Physiology of the Jiangsu Province and Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xu-Run Yu
- Key Laboratories of Crop Genetics and Physiology of the Jiangsu Province and Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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