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Mane RS, Prasad BD, Sahni S, Quaiyum Z, Sharma VK. Biotechnological studies towards improvement of finger millet using multi-omics approaches. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:148. [PMID: 39218842 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have uncovered numerous important genes with agricultural significance in staple crops. However, when it comes to orphan crops like minor millet, genomic research lags significantly behind that of major crops. This situation has promoted a focus on exploring research opportunities in minor millets, particularly in finger millet, using cutting-edge methods. Finger millet, a coarse cereal known for its exceptional nutritional content and ability to withstand environmental stresses represents a promising climate-smart and nutritional crop in the battle against escalating environmental challenges. The existing traditional improvement programs for finger millet are insufficient to address global hunger effectively. The lack of utilization of high-throughput platforms, genome editing, haplotype breeding, and advanced breeding approaches hinders the systematic multi-omics studies on finger millet, which are essential for pinpointing crucial genes related to agronomically important and various stress responses. The growing environmental uncertainties have widened the gap between the anticipated and real progress in crop improvement. To overcome these challenges a combination of cutting-edge multi-omics techniques such as high-throughput sequencing, speed breeding, mutational breeding, haplotype-based breeding, genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, pangenomics, genome editing, and more along with integration of deep learning and artificial intelligence technologies are essential to accelerate research efforts in finger millet. The scarcity of multi-omics approaches in finger millet leaves breeders with limited modern tools for crop enhancement. Therefore, leveraging datasets from previous studies could prove effective in implementing the necessary multi-omics interventions to enrich the genetic resource in finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Sanjay Mane
- Department of AB and MB, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
| | - Bishun Deo Prasad
- Department of AB and MB, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India.
| | - Sangita Sahni
- Department of Plant Pathology, TCA Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
| | - Zeba Quaiyum
- Department of AB and MB, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Department of AB and MB, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848125, India
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Venkat A, Muneer S. Role of Circadian Rhythms in Major Plant Metabolic and Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836244. [PMID: 35463437 PMCID: PMC9019581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants require an endogenous regulatory network and mechanism to cope with diurnal environmental changes and compensate for their sessile nature. Plants use the circadian clock to anticipate diurnal changes. Circadian rhythm predicts a 24-h cycle with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness in response to abiotic and biotic factors as well as the appropriate temperature. For a plant's fitness, proper growth, and development, these rhythms synchronize the diurnal photoperiodic changes. Input pathway, central oscillator, and output pathway are the three components that make up the endogenous clock. There are also transcriptional and translational feedback loops (TTFLs) in the clock, which are dependent on the results of gene expression. Several physiological processes, such as stress acclimatization, hormone signaling, morphogenesis, carbon metabolism, and defense response, are currently being investigated for their interactions with the circadian clock using phenotypic, genomic, and metabolic studies. This review examines the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of plant metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, as well as developmental and degenerative processes, such as flowering and senescence. Furthermore, we summarized signaling pathways related to circadian rhythms, such as defense response and gene regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajila Venkat
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Yin X, Chávez León MASC, Osae R, Linus LO, Qi LW, Alolga RN. Xylopia aethiopica Seeds from Two Countries in West Africa Exhibit Differences in Their Proteomes, Mineral Content and Bioactive Phytochemical Composition. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101979. [PMID: 31126018 PMCID: PMC6572195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from its multiple medicinal uses, the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica is widely used in Africa as food. Herein, we characterize the protein profiles, mineral content and bioactive phytochemical composition of the seeds of this plant sourced in Ghana and Nigeria. Using label-free proteomics, a total of 677 proteins were identified, with 260 found in the Ghana-sourced samples while 608 proteins were detected in the samples from Nigeria. However, 114 proteins were common between the samples from the two countries, among which 48 were significantly changed. Bioinformatics and functional analyses revealed that the differential levels of the proteins were mainly linked to pathways involved amino acids metabolism and biosynthesis. The significantly changed proteins related mainly to catalytic activity and carbon metabolism. The samples from Nigeria also exhibited superior qualities in terms of their antioxidant effects, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Finally, only the content of Na varied to a statistically significant level. This study lends support to its culinary use and hints towards the impact of location of cultivation on the quality of the seeds. There is however need for further mechanistic investigations to unravel the underlying reasons for the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - María A S C Chávez León
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Richard Osae
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Loveth O Linus
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Sudhakar Reddy P, Dhaware MG, Srinivas Reddy D, Pradeep Reddy B, Divya K, Sharma KK, Bhatnagar-Mathur P. Comprehensive evaluation of candidate reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data normalization in nutri-cereal finger millet [Eleusine Coracana (L.)]. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205668. [PMID: 30321245 PMCID: PMC6188778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an annual herbaceous self-pollinating C4 cereal crop of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Finger millet is a food security crop proven to have resilience to changing climate and scores very high in nutrition. In the current study, we have assessed sixteen candidate reference genes for their appropriateness for the normalization studies in finger millet subjected to experimental regimes and treatments. Ten candidate reference genes (GAPDH, β-TUB, CYP, EIF4α, TIP41, UBC, G6PD, S24, MACP and MDH) were cloned and six (ACT, ELF1α, PP2A, PT, S21 and TFIID) were mined from the NCBI database as well as from the literature. Expression stability ranking of the finger millet reference genes was validated using four different statistical tools i.e., geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt and RefFinder. From the study, we endorse MACP, CYP, EIF4α to be most stable candidate reference genes in all 'tissues', whereas PT, TFIID, MACP ranked high across genotypes, β-TUB, CYP, ELF1α were found to be best under abiotic stresses and 'all samples set'. The study recommends using minimum of two reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalizations in finger millet. All in all, CYP, β-TUB, and EF1α, in combination were found to be best for robust normalizations under most experimental conditions. The best and the least stable genes were validated for confirmation by assessing their appropriateness for normalization studies using EcNAC1 gene. The report provides the first comprehensive list of suitable stable candidate reference genes for nutritional rich cereal finger millet that will be advantageous to gene expression studies in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Mahamaya G. Dhaware
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dumbala Srinivas Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bommineni Pradeep Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kummari Divya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran K. Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Identification and molecular characterization of Dof transcription factor gene family preferentially expressed in developing spikes of Eleusine coracana L. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:82. [PMID: 29430346 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report 48 putative DNA binding with one finger (Dof) TF genes from genome and transcriptome data of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.; FM), involved in plant developmental process. To characterize seed-specific Dof genes, transcript profiles of 32 EcDof identified from transcriptome data of developing spikes of FM genotypes were further analyzed in different tissues (root, stem, and leaf) and developmental stages of spikes (S1, S2, S3, and S4) in two FM genotypes [GE1437 (low protein genotype; LPG) and GE3885 (high protein genotype; HPG)]. More than 50% of identified EcDof genes showed expression during seed development processes. Among these, seven genes (EcDof 3, EcDof 5, EcDof 15, EcDof 18, EcDof 22, EcDof 23, and EcDof 31) expressed maximally at specific stages of seed development. Fourteen EcDof genes showed that differential transcript accumulation in vegetative tissue as well as in developing spikes suggests involvement during seed filling and also throughout the plant development. In addition, three EcDof genes (EcDof 9, EcDof 25, and EcDof 28) expressed preferentially at root and stem tissue. The 3D structural prediction of EcDof proteins showed variability in structural attributes. Molecular docking results showed strong binding affinity for seed-specific EcDof-EcO2 with α-prolamine promoters. The identified and characterized EcDof genes will help to dissect the roles of FM seed-specific Dof genes.
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Antony Ceasar S, Maharajan T, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Ramakrishnan M, Victor Roch G, Satish L, Ignacimuthu S. Finger Millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Improvement: Current Status and Future Interventions of Whole Genome Sequence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1054. [PMID: 30083176 PMCID: PMC6064933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The whole genome sequence (WGS) of the much awaited, nutrient rich and climate resilient crop, finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) has been released recently. While possessing superior mineral nutrients and excellent shelf life as compared to other major cereals, multiploidy nature of the genome and relatively small plantation acreage in less developed countries hampered the genome sequencing of finger millet, disposing it as one of the lastly sequenced genomes in cereals. The genomic information available for this crop is very little when compared to other major cereals like rice, maize and barley. As a result, only a limited number of genetic and genomic studies has been undertaken for the improvement of this crop. Finger millet is known especially for its superior calcium content, but the high-throughput studies are yet to be performed to understand the mechanisms behind calcium transport and grain filling. The WGS of finger millet is expected to help to understand this and other important molecular mechanisms in finger millet, which may be harnessed for the nutrient fortification of other cereals. In this review, we discuss various efforts made so far on the improvement of finger millet including genetic improvement, transcriptome analysis, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits, etc. We also discuss the pitfalls of modern genetic studies and provide insights for accelerating the finger millet improvement with the interventions of WGS in near future. Advanced genetic and genomic studies aided by WGS may help to improve the finger millet, which will be helpful to strengthen the nutritional security in addition to food security in the developing countries of Asia and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
- Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging Lab, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- *Correspondence: S. Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu,
| | - T. Maharajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - T. P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - G. Victor Roch
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: S. Antony Ceasar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu,
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Gupta SM, Arora S, Mirza N, Pande A, Lata C, Puranik S, Kumar J, Kumar A. Finger Millet: A "Certain" Crop for an "Uncertain" Future and a Solution to Food Insecurity and Hidden Hunger under Stressful Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:643. [PMID: 28487720 PMCID: PMC5404511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Crop growth and productivity has largely been vulnerable to various abiotic and biotic stresses that are only set to be compounded due to global climate change. Therefore developing improved varieties and designing newer approaches for crop improvement against stress tolerance have become a priority now-a-days. However, most of the crop improvement strategies are directed toward staple cereals such as rice, wheat, maize etc., whereas attention on minor cereals such as finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] lags far behind. It is an important staple in several semi-arid and tropical regions of the world with excellent nutraceutical properties as well as ensuring food security in these areas even during harsh environment. This review highlights the importance of finger millet as a model nutraceutical crop. Progress and prospects in genetic manipulation for the development of abiotic and biotic stress tolerant varieties is also discussed. Although limited studies have been conducted for genetic improvement of finger millets, its nutritional significance in providing minerals, calories and protein makes it an ideal model for nutrition-agriculture research. Therefore, improved genetic manipulation of finger millets for resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as for enhancing nutrient content will be very effective in millet improvement. Key message: Apart from the excellent nutraceutical value of finger millet, its ability to tolerate various abiotic stresses and resist pathogens make it an excellent model for exploring vast genetic and genomic potential of this crop, which provide us a wide choice for developing strategies for making climate resilient staple crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mohan Gupta
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Defence Research and Development OrganisationHaldwani, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Neelofar Mirza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Anjali Pande
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Charu Lata
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Swati Puranik
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - J. Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
- *Correspondence: Anil Kumar,
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Kumar A, Pathak RK, Gupta SM, Gaur VS, Pandey D. Systems Biology for Smart Crops and Agricultural Innovation: Filling the Gaps between Genotype and Phenotype for Complex Traits Linked with Robust Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:581-601. [PMID: 26484978 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rapid developments in several omics platforms and next generation sequencing technology have generated a huge amount of biological data about plants. Systems biology aims to develop and use well-organized and efficient algorithms, data structure, visualization, and communication tools for the integration of these biological data with the goal of computational modeling and simulation. It studies crop plant systems by systematically perturbing them, checking the gene, protein, and informational pathway responses; integrating these data; and finally, formulating mathematical models that describe the structure of system and its response to individual perturbations. Consequently, systems biology approaches, such as integrative and predictive ones, hold immense potential in understanding of molecular mechanism of agriculturally important complex traits linked to agricultural productivity. This has led to identification of some key genes and proteins involved in networks of pathways involved in input use efficiency, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, photosynthesis efficiency, root, stem and leaf architecture, and nutrient mobilization. The developments in the above fields have made it possible to design smart crops with superior agronomic traits through genetic manipulation of key candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College , Pauri Garhwal-246194, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjay Mohan Gupta
- 3 Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research , DRDO, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikram Singh Gaur
- 4 College of Agriculture , Waraseoni, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sood S, Kumar A, Babu BK, Gaur VS, Pandey D, Kant L, Pattnayak A. Gene Discovery and Advances in Finger Millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genomics-An Important Nutri-Cereal of Future. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1634. [PMID: 27881984 PMCID: PMC5101212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid strides in molecular marker technologies followed by genomics, and next generation sequencing advancements in three major crops (rice, maize and wheat) of the world have given opportunities for their use in the orphan, but highly valuable future crops, including finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]. Finger millet has many special agronomic and nutritional characteristics, which make it an indispensable crop in arid, semi-arid, hilly and tribal areas of India and Africa. The crop has proven its adaptability in harsh conditions and has shown resilience to climate change. The adaptability traits of finger millet have shown the advantage over major cereal grains under stress conditions, revealing it as a storehouse of important genomic resources for crop improvement. Although new technologies for genomic studies are now available, progress in identifying and tapping these important alleles or genes is lacking. RAPDs were the default choice for genetic diversity studies in the crop until the last decade, but the subsequent development of SSRs and comparative genomics paved the way for the marker assisted selection in finger millet. Resistance gene homologs from NBS-LRR region of finger millet for blast and sequence variants for nutritional traits from other cereals have been developed and used invariably. Population structure analysis studies exhibit 2-4 sub-populations in the finger millet gene pool with separate grouping of Indian and exotic genotypes. Recently, the omics technologies have been efficiently applied to understand the nutritional variation, drought tolerance and gene mining. Progress has also occurred with respect to transgenics development. This review presents the current biotechnological advancements along with research gaps and future perspective of genomic research in finger millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salej Sood
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
- *Correspondence: Salej Sood ;
| | - Anil Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
- Anil Kumar
| | - B. Kalyana Babu
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Oil Palm ResearchPedavegi, India
| | | | - Dinesh Pandey
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Lakshmi Kant
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
| | - Arunava Pattnayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
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Gupta S, Gupta SM, Gupta AK, Gaur VS, Kumar A. Fluctuation of Dof1/Dof2 expression ratio under the influence of varying nitrogen and light conditions: involvement in differential regulation of nitrogen metabolism in two genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). Gene 2014; 546:327-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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