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Chen S, Fan X, Song M, Yao S, Liu T, Ding W, Liu L, Zhang M, Zhan W, Yan L, Sun G, Li H, Wang L, Zhang K, Jia X, Yang Q, Yang J. Cryptochrome 1b represses gibberellin signaling to enhance lodging resistance in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:902-917. [PMID: 37934825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Photoperiod, light quality, and light intensity in the environment can affect the growth, development, yield, and quality of maize. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate the photocontrol of stem elongation, leaf expansion, shade tolerance, and photoperiodic flowering. However, the function of maize cryptochrome ZmCRY in maize architecture and photomorphogenic development remains largely elusive. The ZmCRY1b transgene product can activate the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and complement the etiolation phenotype of the cry1-304 mutant. Our findings show that the loss-of-function mutant of ZmCRY1b in maize exhibits more etiolation phenotypes under low blue light and appears slender in the field compared with wild-type plants. Under blue and white light, overexpression of ZmCRY1b in maize substantially inhibits seedling etiolation and shade response by enhancing protein accumulation of the bZIP transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (ZmHY5) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-LIKE (ZmHY5L), which directly upregulate the expression of genes encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-oxidase to deactivate GA and repress plant height. More interestingly, ZmCRY1b enhances lodging resistance by reducing plant and ear heights and promoting root growth in both inbred lines and hybrids. In conclusion, ZmCRY1b contributes blue-light signaling upon seedling de-etiolation and integrates light signals with the GA metabolic pathway in maize, resulting in lodging resistance and providing information for improving maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Chen
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaocong Fan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuaitao Yao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wusi Ding
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Menglan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weimin Zhan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Precision Plant Gene Delivery, Genovo Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xiaolin Jia
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Shi L, Li X, Fu Y, Li C. Environmental Stimuli and Phytohormones in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16415. [PMID: 38003605 PMCID: PMC10671836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation in plants plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as the response to environmental stresses. Anthocyanins have antioxidant properties and play an important role in maintaining the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in plant cells. Furthermore, anthocyanins also act as a "sunscreen", reducing the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation under high-light conditions. The biosynthesis of anthocyanin in plants is mainly regulated by an MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. In recent years, many new regulators in different signals involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified. This review focuses on the regulation network mediated by different environmental factors (such as light, salinity, drought, and cold stresses) and phytohormones (such as jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, strigolactone, cytokinin, and auxin). We also discuss the potential application value of anthocyanin in agriculture, horticulture, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (X.L.); (Y.F.)
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Singh S, Vergish S, Jain N, Sharma AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 co-regulate photomorphogenesis and photoperiodic flowering in indica rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111631. [PMID: 36773757 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a class of photoreceptors that perceive blue/ultraviolet-A light of the visible spectrum to mediate a vast number of physiological responses in bacteria, fungi, animals and plants. In the present study, we have characterized OsCRY2 in a photoperiod sensitive indica variety, Basmati 370, by generating and analyzing overexpression (OE) and knock-down (KD) transgenic lines. The OsCRY2OE lines displayed dwarfism as shown in their reduced plant height and leaf length, attributed largely by an overall reduction in their cell size. The OsCRY2OE lines flowered significantly earlier and showed shorter and broader seeds with an overall reduced seed weight. The OsCRY2KD lines showed contrasting phenotypes, such as increased plant height and delayed flowering, however, decreased seed size and weight were also observed in the KD lines, along with reduced spikelet fertility and high seed shattering rate in mature panicles. Novel interactions were confirmed between OsCRY2 and members of ZEITLUPE family of blue/ultraviolet-A light photoreceptors, encoded by OsFBO8, OsFBO9 and OsFBO10 which are orthologous to ZEITLUPE (ZTL), LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) and FLAVIN BINDING, KELCH REPEAT F-BOX1 (FKF1), respectively, of Arabidopsis thaliana. Since FKF1 is known to play a role in regulating photoperiodic flowering, OsFBO10 was chosen for further studies. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 interacted in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell and cross-regulated the expression of each other. They were also found to regulate the expression of several genes involved in photoperiodic flowering in rice. Both OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 played a positive role in photomorphogenic responses in different light conditions. The physical interaction of OsCRY2 with OsFBO10, their involvement in common physiological and developmental pathways and their cross-regulation of each other suggest that the two photoreceptors may regulate common developmental pathways in plants, either jointly or redundantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Satyam Vergish
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Nitin Jain
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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A graph neural network model for deciphering the biological mechanisms of plant electrical signal classification. Appl Soft Comput 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Zhou Y, Lv J, Yu Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Li M, Deng Z, Xu Q, Cui F, Zhou W. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis of the flavonoid regulatory networks in Sorghum bicolor seeds. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:619. [PMID: 36028813 PMCID: PMC9414139 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to reveal the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in white (Z6), red (Z27) and black (HC4) seeds of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using metabolomics and transcriptomics, to identify different flavonoid metabolites, and to analyze the differentially expressed genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Results We analyzed the metabolomics and transcriptomics data of sweet sorghum seeds. Six hundred and fifty-one metabolites including 171 flavonoids were identified in three samples. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that 8 chalcone synthase genes (gene19114, gene19115, gene19116, gene19117, gene19118, gene19120, gene19122 and gene19123) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, were identified and play central role in change of color. Six flavanone including homoeriodictyol, naringin, prunin, naringenin, hesperetin and pinocembrin were main reason for the color difference. Conclusions Our results provide valuable information on the flavonoid metabolites and the candidate genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in sweet sorghum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhou
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996 Xilamulun Street, Kerqin District, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lv
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Yu
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996 Xilamulun Street, Kerqin District, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Li
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilan Deng
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Cui
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996 Xilamulun Street, Kerqin District, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Z, Li M, Liu S, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhu Q, Kohnen MV, Wang Q. The Function and Photoregulatory Mechanisms of Cryptochromes From Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866057. [PMID: 35432389 PMCID: PMC9006058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting growth and geographic distribution of forestry plants. Moso bamboo is the largest temperate bamboo on earth and an important non-woody forestry species that serves not only important functions in the economy of rural areas but also carbon sequestration in the world. Due to its decades-long reproductive timing, the germplasm of moso bamboo cannot be readily improved by conventional breeding methods, arguing for a greater need to study the gene function and regulatory mechanisms of this species. We systematically studied the photoregulatory mechanisms of the moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) cryptochrome 1, PheCRY1. Our results show that, similar to its Arabidopsis counterpart, the bamboo PheCRY1s are functionally restricted to the blue light inhibition of cell elongation without an apparent activity in promoting floral initiation. We demonstrate that PheCRY1s undergo light-dependent oligomerization that is inhibited by PheBIC1s, and light-dependent phosphorylation that is catalyzed by PhePPKs. We hypothesize that light-induced phosphorylation of PheCRY1s facilitate their degradation, which control availability of the PheCRY1 proteins and photosensitivity of bamboo plants. Our results demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of not only the function but also photoregulatory mechanism of PheCRY1 in this monocot forestry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Chen
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Markus V Kohnen
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Huang C, Li P, Cao J, Zheng Z, Huang J, Zhang X, Shangguan X, Wang L, Chen Z. Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of CRY gene family in Gossypium. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:231. [PMID: 35331129 PMCID: PMC8952943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cryptochromes (CRY) are specific blue light receptors of plants and animals, which play crucial roles in physiological processes of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. RESULTS In the present work, a systematic analysis of the CRY gene family was performed on twelve cotton species, resulting in 18, 17, 17, 17, and 17 CRYs identified in five alloteraploid cottons (Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum and G. darwinii), respectively, and five to nine CRY genes in the seven diploid species. Phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding sequences revealed that CRY genes from cottons and Arabidopsis thaliana could be classified into seven clades. Synteny analysis suggested that the homoeolog of G. hirsutum Gh_A02G0384 has undergone an evolutionary loss event in the other four allotetraploid cotton species. Cis-element analysis predicated the possible functions of CRY genes in G. hirsutum. RNA-seq data revealed that Gh_D09G2225, Gh_A09G2012 and Gh_A11G1040 had high expressions in fiber cells of different developmental states. In addition, the expression levels of one (Gh_A03G0120), 15 and nine GhCRY genes were down-regulated following the PEG, NaCl and high-temperature treatments, respectively. For the low-temperature treatment, five GhCRY genes were induced, and five were repressed. These results indicated that most GhCRY genes negatively regulate the abiotic stress treatments. CONCLUSION We report the structures, domains, divergence, synteny, and cis-elements analyses systematically of G. hirsutum CRY genes. Possible biological functions of GhCRY genes in differential tissues as well as in response to abiotic stress during the cotton plant life cycle were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cotton Germplasm Resources Utilization and Molecular Design Breeding, Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044099, China.
| | - Junfeng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zishou Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinquan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shangguan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cotton Germplasm Resources Utilization and Molecular Design Breeding, Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044099, China
| | - Lingjian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
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Zhang L, Li T, Su S, Peng H, Li S, Li K, Ji L, Xing Y, Zhang J, Du X, Bian M, Liao Y, Yang Z, Zuo Z. Functions of COP1/SPA E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediated by MpCRY in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha under Blue Light. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010158. [PMID: 35008588 PMCID: PMC8745113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
COP1/SPA1 complex in Arabidopsis inhibits photomorphogenesis through the ubiquitination of multiple photo-responsive transcription factors in darkness, but such inhibiting function of COP1/SPA1 complex would be suppressed by cryptochromes in blue light. Extensive studies have been conducted on these mechanisms in Arabidopsis whereas little attention has been focused on whether another branch of land plants bryophyte utilizes this blue-light regulatory pathway. To study this problem, we conducted a study in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and obtained a MpSPA knock-out mutant, in which Mpspa exhibits the phenotype of an increased percentage of individuals with asymmetrical thallus growth, similar to MpCRY knock-out mutant. We also verified interactions of MpSPA with MpCRY (in a blue light-independent way) and with MpCOP1. Concomitantly, both MpSPA and MpCOP1 could interact with MpHY5, and MpSPA can promote MpCOP1 to ubiquitinate MpHY5 but MpCRY does not regulate the ubiquitination of MpHY5 by MpCOP1/MpSPA complex. These data suggest that COP1/SPA ubiquitinating HY5 is conserved in Marchantia polymorpha, but dissimilar to CRY in Arabidopsis, MpCRY is not an inhibitor of this process under blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Tianhong Li
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Shengzhong Su
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Hao Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China; (H.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sudi Li
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Ke Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (K.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.)
| | - Luyao Ji
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (K.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaoyun Xing
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (K.L.); (L.J.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junchuan Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China; (H.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (L.Z.); (T.L.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (X.D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
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Liu T, Du L, Li Q, Kang J, Guo Q, Wang S. AtCRY2 Negatively Regulates the Functions of AtANN2 and AtANN3 in Drought Tolerance by Affecting Their Subcellular Localization and Transmembrane Ca 2+ Flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754567. [PMID: 34887887 PMCID: PMC8649957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Annexins are a multifunctional class of calcium-binding proteins in plants, and their physiological functions and regulation in response to drought stress remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that AtANN2 and AtANN3 conferred to drought tolerance under short-day and long-day conditions, respectively. Under their functional photoperiod, AtANN2 and AtANN3 gene expression was enhanced in the mannitol-treated roots, and their encoded proteins were rapidly targeted to the plasma membrane, and mediated significant Ca2+ flows across the plasma membrane. Cryptochromes as photoreceptors can not only sense the photoperiod and regulate ion channels on the plasma membrane to influence ion flow but also induce downstream physiological responses. AtCRY2 repressed the functions of AtANN2 and AtANN3 by affecting their plasma membrane localization and inhibited AtANN2- and AtANN3-dependent transmembrane Ca2+ flow in response to drought stress. Taken together, these results uncover a mechanism linking Annexins-AtCRY2 to transmembrane Ca2+ flow and resulting in enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Teacher Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Leyan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- College of Teacher Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingda Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Sharma S, Sanyal SK, Sushmita K, Chauhan M, Sharma A, Anirudhan G, Veetil SK, Kateriya S. Modulation of Phototropin Signalosome with Artificial Illumination Holds Great Potential in the Development of Climate-Smart Crops. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:181-213. [PMID: 34975290 PMCID: PMC8640849 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210412104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in environmental conditions like temperature and light critically influence crop production. To deal with these changes, plants possess various photoreceptors such as Phototropin (PHOT), Phytochrome (PHY), Cryptochrome (CRY), and UVR8 that work synergistically as sensor and stress sensing receptors to different external cues. PHOTs are capable of regulating several functions like growth and development, chloroplast relocation, thermomorphogenesis, metabolite accumulation, stomatal opening, and phototropism in plants. PHOT plays a pivotal role in overcoming the damage caused by excess light and other environmental stresses (heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress. The crosstalk between photoreceptors and phytohormones contributes to plant growth, seed germination, photo-protection, flowering, phototropism, and stomatal opening. Molecular genetic studies using gene targeting and synthetic biology approaches have revealed the potential role of different photoreceptor genes in the manipulation of various beneficial agronomic traits. Overexpression of PHOT2 in Fragaria ananassa leads to the increase in anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits. Artificial illumination with blue light alone and in combination with red light influence the growth, yield, and secondary metabolite production in many plants, while in algal species, it affects growth, chlorophyll content, lipid production and also increases its bioremediation efficiency. Artificial illumination alters the morphological, developmental, and physiological characteristics of agronomic crops and algal species. This review focuses on PHOT modulated signalosome and artificial illumination-based photo-biotechnological approaches for the development of climate-smart crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kumari Sushmita
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manisha Chauhan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Gireesh Anirudhan
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan (PO), West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sindhu K Veetil
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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11
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Yan C, Zhang N, Wang Q, Fu Y, Wang F, Su Y, Xue B, Zhou L, Liao H. The Effect of Low Temperature Stress on the Leaves and MicroRNA Expression of Potato Seedlings. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.727081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the wanton destruction of the ecological environment by humans and the frequent occurrence of extreme bad weather, many places that should have been warm and blooming in spring have instead experienced the phenomenon of the “April blizzard,” which has seriously affected China's crops, especially spring potato production in most areas. Potato cultivars, especially potato seedlings, are sensitive to frost, and low temperature frost has become one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting potato production. Potato cold tolerance is regulated by a complex gene network. Although some low temperature resistant microRNAs have been identified, little is known about the role of miRNAs in response to low temperature stress in potato. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify the influence of low temperature stress on the miRNA expression of potato by comparing the expression differences of miRNA in potato which was treated with different low temperatures. For the study, 307 known miRNAs belonging to 73 small RNA families and 211 novel miRNAs were obtained. When the temperature decreased, the number of both known and novel miRNA decreased, and the minimum temperature was −2°C. Most of the miRNAs respond to low temperature, drought, and disease stress; some conserved miRNAs were first found to respond to low temperature stress in potato, such as stu-miR530, stu-miR156d, and stu-miR167b. The Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of 442 different expression miRNAs target genes indicated that there existed diversified low temperature responsive pathways, but Abscisic Acid was found likely to play a central coordinating role in response to low temperature stress in many metabolism pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the related targets were negatively regulated by the tested different expression miRNAs during low temperature stress. The results indicated that miRNAs may play an important coordination role in response to low temperature stress in many metabolic pathways by regulating abscisic acid and gibberellin, which provided insight into the roles of miRNAs during low temperature stress and would be helpful for alleviating low temperature stress and promoting low temperature resistant breeding in potatoes.
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D'Amico-Damião V, Lúcio JCB, Oliveira R, Gaion LA, Barreto RF, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a depends on blue light fluence rate to mediate osmotic stress responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153374. [PMID: 33626482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The participation of plant cryptochromes in water deficit response mechanisms has been highlighted in several reports. However, the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in the blue light fluence-dependent modulation of the water deficit response remains largely elusive. The tomato cry1a mutant and its wild-type counterpart were grown in water (no stress) or PEG6000 (osmotic stress) treatments under white light (60 μmol m-2 s-1) or from low to high blue light fluence (1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 μmol m-2 s-1). We first demonstrate that under nonstress conditions cry1a regulates seedling growth by mechanisms that involve pigmentation, lipid peroxidation and osmoprotectant accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. In addition, we further highlighted under osmotic stress conditions that cry1a increased tomato growth by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulation. Although blue light is an environmental signal that influences osmotic stress responses mediated by tomato cry1a, specific blue light fluence rates are required during these responses. Here, we show that CRY1a manipulation may be a potential biotechnological target to develop a drought-tolerant tomato variety. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of this phenomenon requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José Clebson Barbosa Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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13
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Suppression of Rice Cryptochrome 1b Decreases Both Melatonin and Expression of Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Genes Resulting in Salt Tolerance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041075. [PMID: 33670642 PMCID: PMC7922549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) and melatonin biosynthesis by generating RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic rice plants that suppress the cryptochrome 1b gene (CRY1b). The resulting CRY1b RNAi rice lines expressed less CRY1b mRNA, but not CRY1a or CRY2 mRNA, suggesting that the suppression is specific to CRY1b. The growth of CRY1b RNAi rice seedlings was enhanced under blue light compared to wild-type growth, providing phenotypic evidence for impaired CRY function. When these CRY1b RNAi rice plants were challenged with cadmium to induce melatonin, wild-type plants produced 100 ng/g fresh weight (FW) melatonin, whereas CRY1b RNAi lines produced 60 ng/g FW melatonin on average, indicating that melatonin biosynthesis requires the CRY photoreceptor. Due to possible feedback regulation, the expression of melatonin biosynthesis genes such as T5H, SNAT1, SNAT2, and COMT was elevated in the CRY1b RNAi lines compared to the wild-type plants. In addition, laminar angles decreased in the CRY1b RNAi lines via the suppression of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis genes such as DWARF. The main cause of the BR decrease in the CRY1b RNAi lines seems to be the suppression of CRY rather than decreased melatonin because the melatonin decrease suppressed DWARF4 rather than DWARF.
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14
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Yadukrishnan P, Datta S. Light and abscisic acid interplay in early seedling development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:763-769. [PMID: 32984965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant development, regulating germination, seedling development and stomatal movements, especially under adverse conditions. Light interacts with the ABA signalling pathway to fine tune these processes. Here, we provide an overview of the recent investigations on ABA-light interplay during early plant development after germination. We discuss the multilayered and reciprocal interactions between ABA signalling components and several light signalling modulators, including photoreceptors, transcription factors and posttranslational modifiers. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 acts as a central convergence point for these interactions during postgermination seedling development. ABA also regulates the adaptation of seedlings to challenging light environments. Furthermore, we enlist the role of ABA-light cross-talk in regulating seedling establishment in crops and highlight open questions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Calero Hurtado A, Chiconato DA, Prado RDM, Sousa Junior GDS, Olivera Viciedo D, Piccolo MDC. Silicon application induces changes C:N:P stoichiometry and enhances stoichiometric homeostasis of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3711-3719. [PMID: 33304182 PMCID: PMC7714968 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on growth have been observed in some plant species, reportedly due to stoichiometric changes of C, N, and P. However, little is known about the effects on the stoichiometric relationships between C, N, and P when silicon is supplied via different modes in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress conditions. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate the impact of differing modes of Si supply on shoot biomass production and C:N:P stoichiometry in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Two experiments were performed in a glass greenhouse using the strong Si-accumulator plant sorghum, as well as the intermediate type Si-accumulator sunflower, both of which were grown in pots filled with washed sand. Plant species were cultivated for 30 days in the absence or presence of salt stress (0 or 100 mM) and supplemented with one of four Si treatments: control plants (without Si), 28.6 mmol Si L-1 via foliar application, 2.0 mmol Si L-1 via nutrient solution, and combined application of foliar and nutrient solution, each group with five replications. The results revealed that supplied Si modified the C, N, and P concentrations, thereby enhancing the C:N:P stoichiometry and shoot dry matter of sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress. Both application of Si via nutrient solution, as well as combined application via foliar and nutrient solution, increased the C:N ratio in both plant species under salt stress, but in sorghum plants decreased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 39%, while in sunflower plants increased the C:P and N:P ratios and increased the shoot biomass production by 24%. Our findings suggest that salt stress alleviation by Si impacts C:N:P stoichiometric relationships in a variable manner depending on the ability of the species to accumulate Si, as well as the route of Si administration.
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Key Words
- Carbon
- Ecological stoichiometry
- F +Na, foliar Si treatment under NaCl stress
- F −Na, foliar Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- F, foliar application of Si
- HCl, Hydrochloric acid
- Helianthus annuus
- LDM, leaves dry matter
- Macronutrients
- Na+, sodium
- R +Na, root Si treatment under NaCl stress
- R −Na, root Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- R, root application of Si
- RF +Na, combined Si treatment under NaCl stress
- RF −Na, combined Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- RF, and combined foliar and root applications of Si
- S, Scheffe
- SDM, shoot dry matter
- SDM, stem dry matter
- Salinity
- Si × NaCl, Si–NaCl interaction
- Si, Silicon
- SiNaKE, Stabilized sodium and potassium silicate
- Sorghum bicolor
- −Si +Na, non-Si treatment under NaCl stress
- −Si −Na, non-Si treatment under non-NaCl stress
- −Si, Control no added Si
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Aparecida Chiconato
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Centenário Avenue 303, cep 13400-970, Piracicaba, SãoPaulo, Brazil
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Fantini E, Facella P. Cryptochromes in the field: how blue light influences crop development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:336-346. [PMID: 32175597 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light is a pivotal environmental element capable of influencing multiple physiological processes across the entire plant life cycle. Over the course of their evolution, plants have developed several families of photoreceptors such as phytochromes, phototropins, ultraviolet (UV) resistance locus 8 and cryptochromes (crys), in order to sense light stimuli and respond to their changes. Numerous genetic studies have demonstrated that functional alterations to these photoreceptors cause a change in important agronomical traits. In particular, crys, which absorb UVA/blue light, can influence seed germination, flowering induction, plant architecture, fruit metabolic content and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the years to come, the rising temperatures and alterations to precipitation patterns generated by climate change will present a dramatic challenge for our agricultural system, with its few varieties characterized by a narrow genetic pool derived from artificial selection. Here, we review the main roles of crys in determining important agronomic traits in crops, we discuss the opportunities of using these photoreceptors as genetic targets for tuning plant physiological responses to environmental change, and the molecular strategies used so far to manipulate this family of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Fantini
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Paolo Facella
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
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Armarego-Marriott T, Sandoval-Ibañez O, Kowalewska Ł. Beyond the darkness: recent lessons from etiolation and de-etiolation studies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1215-1225. [PMID: 31854450 PMCID: PMC7031072 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The state of etiolation is generally defined by the presence of non-green plastids (etioplasts) in plant tissues that would normally contain chloroplasts. In the commonly used dark-grown seedling system, etiolation is coupled with a type of growth called skotomorphogenesis. Upon illumination, de-etiolation occurs, marked by the transition from etioplast to chloroplast, and, at the seedling level, a switch to photomorphogenic growth. Etiolation and de-etiolation systems are therefore important for understanding both the acquisition of photosynthetic capacity during chloroplast biogenesis and plant responses to light-the most relevant signal in the life and growth of the organism. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries (within the past 2-3 years) in the field of etiolation and de-etiolation, with a particular focus on post-transcriptional processes and ultrastructural changes. We further discuss ambiguities in definitions of the term 'etiolation', and benefits and biases of common etiolation/de-etiolation systems. Finally, we raise several open questions and future research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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D’Amico-Damião V, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome-Related Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1897. [PMID: 30619439 PMCID: PMC6305750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that light is a crucial environmental factor that has a fundamental role in plant growth and development from seed germination to fruiting. For this process, plants contain versatile and multifaceted photoreceptor systems to sense variations in the light spectrum and to acclimate to a range of ambient conditions. Five main groups of photoreceptors have been found in higher plants, cryptochromes, phototropins, UVR8, zeitlupes, and phytochromes, but the last one red/far red wavelengths photoreceptor is the most characterized. Among the many responses modulated by phytochromes, these molecules play an important role in biotic and abiotic stress responses, which is one of the most active research topics in plant biology, especially their effect on agronomic traits. However, regarding the light spectrum, it is not surprising to consider that other photoreceptors are also part of the stress response modulated by light. In fact, it has become increasingly evident that cryptochromes, which mainly absorb in the blue light region, also act as key regulators of a range of plant stress responses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and high radiation. However, this information is rarely evidenced in photomorphogenetic studies. Therefore, the scope of the present review is to compile and discuss the evidence on the abiotic stress responses in plants that are modulated by cryptochromes.
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