1
|
Djennane S, Gersch S, Le-Bohec F, Piron MC, Baltenweck R, Lemaire O, Merdinoglu D, Hugueney P, Nogué F, Mestre P. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of Downy mildew resistant 6 (DMR6-1) in grapevine leads to reduced susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2100-2112. [PMID: 38069501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is an important disease that is present in cultivation areas worldwide, and using resistant varieties provides an environmentally friendly alternative to fungicides. DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6 (DMR6) from Arabidopsis is a negative regulator of plant immunity and its loss of function confers resistance to downy mildew. In grapevine, DMR6 is present in two copies, named VvDMR6-1 and VvDMR6-2. Here, we describe the editing of VvDMR6-1 in embryogenic calli using CRISPR/Cas9 and the regeneration of the edited plants. All edited plants were found to be biallelic and chimeric, and whilst they all showed reduced growth compared with non-transformed control plants, they also had reduced susceptibility to P. viticola. Comparison between mock-inoculated genotypes showed that all edited lines presented higher levels of salicylic acid than controls, and lines subjected to transformation presented higher levels of cis-resveratrol than controls. Our results identify VvDMR6-1 as a promising target for breeding grapevine cultivars with improved resistance to downy mildew.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Djennane
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Gersch
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Lemaire
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | - Fabien Nogué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Pere Mestre
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pathirana R, Carimi F. Studies on Improving the Efficiency of Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) and Optimising Ethyl Methanesulfonate Treatment for Mutation Induction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4126. [PMID: 38140453 PMCID: PMC10748286 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has many applications in grapevine biotechnology including micropropagation, eradicating viral infections from infected cultivars, mass production of hypocotyl explants for micrografting, as a continuous source for haploid and doubled haploid plants, and for germplasm conservation. It is so far the only pathway for the genetic modification of grapevines through transformation. The single-cell origin of somatic embryos makes them an ideal explant for mutation breeding as the resulting mutants will be chimera-free. In the present research, two combinations of plant growth regulators and different explants from flower buds at two stages of maturity were tested in regard to the efficiency of callusing and embryo formation from the callus produced in three white grape cultivars. Also, the treatment of somatic embryos with the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was optimised. Medium 2339 supplemented with β-naphthoxyacetic acid (5 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP-9.0 μM) produced significantly more calluses than medium 2337 supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4.5 µM) and BAP (8.9 µM) in all explants. The calluses produced on medium 2337 were harder and more granular and produced more SEs. Although the stage of the maturity of floral bud did not have a significant effect on the callusing of the explants, calluses produced from immature floral bud explants in the premeiotic stage produced significantly more SEs than those from more mature floral buds. Overall, immature ovaries and cut floral buds exposing the cut ends of filaments, style, etc., tested for the first time in grapevine SE, produced the highest percentage of embryogenic calluses. It is much more efficient to cut the floral bud and culture than previously reported explants such as anthers, ovaries, stigmas and styles during the short flowering period when the immature flower buds are available. When the somatic embryos of the three cultivars were incubated for one hour with 0.1% EMS, their germination was reduced by 50%; an ideal treatment considered to obtain a high frequency of mutations for screening. Our research findings will facilitate more efficient SE induction in grapevines and inducing mutations for improving individual traits without altering the genetic background of the cultivar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nuzzo F, Gambino G, Perrone I. Unlocking grapevine in vitro regeneration: Issues and perspectives for genetic improvement and functional genomic studies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:99-109. [PMID: 36343465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant regeneration is a pivotal process in genetic engineering to obtain large numbers of transgenic, cisgenic and gene edited plants in the frame of functional gene or genetic improvement studies. However, several issues emerge as regeneration is not universally possible across the plant kingdom and many variables must be considered. In grapevine (Vitis spp.), as in other woody and fruit tree species, the regeneration process is impaired by a recalcitrance that depends on numerous factors such as genotype and explant-dependent responses. This is one of the major obstacles in developing gene editing approaches and functional genome studies in grapevine and it is therefore crucial to understand how to achieve efficient regeneration across different genotypes. Further issues that emerge in regeneration need to be addressed, such as somaclonal mutations which do not allow the regeneration of individuals identical to the original mother plant, an essential factor for commercial use of the improved grapevines obtained through the New Breeding Techniques. Over the years, the evolution of protocols to achieve plant regeneration has relied mainly on optimizing protocols for genotypes of interest whilst nowadays with new genomic data available there is an emerging opportunity to have a clearer picture of its molecular regulation. The goal of this review is to discuss the latest information available about different aspects of grapevine in vitro regeneration, to address the main factors that can impair the efficiency of the plant regeneration process and cause post-regeneration problems and to propose strategies for investigating and solving them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Nuzzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nuzzo F, Moine A, Nerva L, Pagliarani C, Perrone I, Boccacci P, Gribaudo I, Chitarra W, Gambino G. Grapevine virome and production of healthy plants by somatic embryogenesis. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1357-1373. [PMID: 35182024 PMCID: PMC9049623 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a widespread fruit tree hosting many viral entities that interact with the plant modifying its responses to the environment. The production of virus‐free plants is becoming increasingly crucial for the use of grapevine as a model species in different studies. Using high‐throughput RNA sequencing, the viromes of seven mother plants grown in a germplasm collection vineyard were sequenced. In addition to the viruses and viroids already detected in grapevine, we identified 13 putative new mycoviruses. The different spread among grapevine tissues collected in vineyard, greenhouse and in vitro conditions suggested a clear distinction between viruses/viroids and mycoviruses that can successfully be exploited for their identification. Mycoviruses were absent in in vitro cultures, while plant viruses and viroids were particularly accumulated in these plantlets. Somatic embryogenesis applied to the seven mother plants was effective in the elimination of the complete virome, including mycoviruses. However, different sanitization efficiencies for viroids and grapevine pinot gris virus were observed among genotypes. The absence of mycoviruses in in vitro plantlets, associated with the absence of all viral entities in somaclones, suggested that this regeneration technique is also effective to eradicate endophytic/epiphytic fungi, resulting in gnotobiotic or pseudo‐gnotobiotic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Nuzzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Amedeo Moine
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy.,Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy.,Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sattar MN, Iqbal Z, Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM. Induced Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees Using New Breeding Tools: Food Security and Climate Resilience. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1347. [PMID: 34371550 PMCID: PMC8309169 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fruit trees provide essential nutrients to humans by contributing to major agricultural outputs and economic growth globally. However, major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity are the uncontrolled proliferation of the population, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Tree mutation breeding has been substantially improved using different physical and chemical mutagens. Nonetheless, tree plant breeding has certain crucial bottlenecks including a long life cycle, ploidy level, occurrence of sequence polymorphisms, nature of parthenocarpic fruit development and linkage. Genetic engineering of trees has focused on boosting quality traits such as productivity, wood quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent technological advances in genome editing provide a unique opportunity for the genetic improvement of woody plants. This review examines application of the CRISPR-Cas system to reduce disease susceptibility, alter plant architecture, enhance fruit quality, and improve yields. Examples are discussed of the contemporary CRISPR-Cas system to engineer easily scorable PDS genes, modify lignin, and to alter the flowering onset, fertility, tree architecture and certain biotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (Z.I.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (Z.I.)
| | - Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PL-27, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| |
Collapse
|