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Djennane S, Gersch S, Le-Bohec F, Piron MC, Baltenweck R, Lemaire O, Merdinoglu D, Hugueney P, Nogué F, Mestre P. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of Downy mildew resistant 6 (DMR6-1) in grapevine leads to reduced susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2100-2112. [PMID: 38069501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is an important disease that is present in cultivation areas worldwide, and using resistant varieties provides an environmentally friendly alternative to fungicides. DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6 (DMR6) from Arabidopsis is a negative regulator of plant immunity and its loss of function confers resistance to downy mildew. In grapevine, DMR6 is present in two copies, named VvDMR6-1 and VvDMR6-2. Here, we describe the editing of VvDMR6-1 in embryogenic calli using CRISPR/Cas9 and the regeneration of the edited plants. All edited plants were found to be biallelic and chimeric, and whilst they all showed reduced growth compared with non-transformed control plants, they also had reduced susceptibility to P. viticola. Comparison between mock-inoculated genotypes showed that all edited lines presented higher levels of salicylic acid than controls, and lines subjected to transformation presented higher levels of cis-resveratrol than controls. Our results identify VvDMR6-1 as a promising target for breeding grapevine cultivars with improved resistance to downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Djennane
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Gersch
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Lemaire
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | - Fabien Nogué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Pere Mestre
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
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Fu Q, Wang Y, Yang J, Jiao Y, Li W, Yang F, Yin X, Shang B, Liu R, Zhang Y, Saileke A, Liu G, van Nocker S, Hu H, Xu Y. Plasmopara viticola RxLR effector PvAvh77 triggers cell death and governs immunity responses in grapevine. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2047-2066. [PMID: 36622787 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most significant production challenges for the grape and wine industry. P. viticola injects a plethora of effectors into its host cells to disrupt immune processes, but the mechanisms by which these effectors act at the molecular level have not been well characterized. Herein, we show that a candidate P. viticola avirulence homolog (Avh) RxLR effector gene, designated PvAvh77, was strongly up-regulated during the initial stages of P. viticola infection in Vitis vinifera. Further experiments demonstrated that PvAvh77 could trigger non-specific cell death when expressed in the wild grapevine Vitis riparia and in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum). In addition, a truncated form of PvAvh77, designated PvAvh77-M2, was more active in inducing cell death in N. benthamiana and V. riparia than full-length PvAvh77. Ectopic expression of PvAvh77 in V. vinifera 'Thompson Seedless' leaves neutralized host immunity and enhanced colonization by P. viticola, and the immune-inhibiting activity of PvAvh77 on susceptible Eurasian grapevine depended on its nuclear localization. Using a yeast signal sequence trap approach, we showed that the signal peptide of PvAvh77 is functional in yeast. Moreover, PvAvh77 with a signal peptide stimulated plant immune responses in the apoplast. Notably, application of exogenous purified PvAvh77-M2 effectively initiated defence responses in grapevine extracellularly, as evidenced by increased accumulation of salicylic acid and H2O2, and reduced infection of inoculated P. viticola. In summary, we identified a novel effector, PvAvh77, from P. viticola, which has the potential to serve as an inducer of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Boxing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ayisuwake Saileke
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Huiling Hu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Aoki Y, Kunitomi M, Mori A, Watanabe G, Nojiri M, Suzuki S. Diketopiperazine cyclo(-l-Leu-l-Phe) with plant elicitation activity and anti-oomycete activity against Plasmopara viticola. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6912256. [PMID: 36688783 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to the reduction of synthetic chemical fungicide application in viticulture by using cyclo(-l-Leu-l-Phe) (cLF) produced by Bacillus subtilis KS1, a candidate for biological control agent. cLF is a diketopiperazine and belongs to the family of 2,5-diketopiperazines. KS1 secreted micromolar levels of cLF into culture medium. Micromolar concentrations of cLF structure-dependently decreased by ∼90% both disease severity and lesion density of downy mildew in grapevine cultivated in a growth chamber. Microscopic observation demonstrated that cLF inhibited Plasmopara viticola haustorium formation by 80% but not zoospore germination on leas disks. Interestingly, millimolar concentrations of cLF induced plant defense response, such as expression of genes encoding chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, in grapevine leaves through the salicylic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways. We demonstrated that cLF was a weapon against P. viticola infection. Further evaluation of cLF in field trials is required to uncover its inherent characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Aoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kunitomi
- Life Science Division, CBC CO. Ltd., 2-15-13 Tsukijima Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0052, Japan
| | - Arianna Mori
- Life Science Division, CBC CO. Ltd., 2-15-13 Tsukijima Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0052, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- New Business Development Department, Corporate Research & Business Division, Kaneka Corporation, Tokyo 107-6028, Japan
| | - Masutoshi Nojiri
- New Business Development Department, Corporate Research & Business Division, Kaneka Corporation, Tokyo 107-6028, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
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Dussert Y, Mazet ID, Couture C, Gouzy J, Piron MC, Kuchly C, Bouchez O, Rispe C, Mestre P, Delmotte F. A High-Quality Grapevine Downy Mildew Genome Assembly Reveals Rapidly Evolving and Lineage-Specific Putative Host Adaptation Genes. Genome Biol Evol 2019. [PMID: 30847481 DOI: 10.1101/350041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildews are obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogens that cause devastating plant diseases on economically important crops. Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, a major disease in vineyards worldwide. We sequenced the genome of Pl. viticola with PacBio long reads and obtained a new 92.94 Mb assembly with high contiguity (359 scaffolds for a N50 of 706.5 kb) due to a better resolution of repeat regions. This assembly presented a high level of gene completeness, recovering 1,592 genes encoding secreted proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Plasmopara viticola had a two-speed genome architecture, with secreted protein-encoding genes preferentially located in gene-sparse, repeat-rich regions and evolving rapidly, as indicated by pairwise dN/dS values. We also used short reads to assemble the genome of Plasmopara muralis, a closely related species infecting grape ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata). The lineage-specific proteins identified by comparative genomics analysis included a large proportion of RxLR cytoplasmic effectors and, more generally, genes with high dN/dS values. We identified 270 candidate genes under positive selection, including several genes encoding transporters and components of the RNA machinery potentially involved in host specialization. Finally, the Pl. viticola genome assembly generated here will allow the development of robust population genomics approaches for investigating the mechanisms involved in adaptation to biotic and abiotic selective pressures in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Dussert
- SAVE, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Carole Couture
- SAVE, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jérôme Gouzy
- LIPM, INRA, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Claire Kuchly
- US 1426 GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Pere Mestre
- SVQV, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
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