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Zhang H, Wu Y, Zhang H, Sun N, Zhang H, Tian B, Zhang T, Wang K, Nan X, Zhang H. AtMYB72 aggravates photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves caused by salt stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2371694. [PMID: 38916149 PMCID: PMC11204036 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2371694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
MYB transcription factor is one of the largest families in plants. There are more and more studies on plants responding to abiotic stress through MYB transcription factors, but the mechanism of some family members responding to salt stress is unclear. In this study, physiological and transcriptome techniques were used to analyze the effects of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor AtMYB72 on the growth and development, physiological function, and key gene response of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic observation showed that the damage of overexpression strain was more serious than that of Col-0 after salt treatment, while the mutant strain showed less salt injury symptoms. Under salt stress, the decrease of chlorophyll content, the degree of photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) and the degree of oxidative damage of overexpressed lines were significantly higher than those of Col-0. Transcriptome data showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by salt stress in overexpressed lines was significantly higher than that in Col-0. GO enrichment analysis showed that the response of AtMYB72 to salt stress was mainly by affecting gene expression in cell wall ectoplast, photosystem I and photosystem II, and other biological processes related to photosynthesis. Compared with Col-0, the overexpression of AtMYB72 under salt stress further inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll a (Chla) and down-regulated most of the genes related to photosynthesis, which made the photosynthetic system more sensitive to salt stress. AtMYB72 also caused the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of malondialdehyde under salt stress, which decreased the activity and gene expression of key enzymes in SOD, POD, and AsA-GSH cycle, thus destroying the ability of antioxidant system to maintain redox balance. AtMYB72 negatively regulates the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) in A. thaliana leaves under salt stress, which enhances the sensitivity of Arabidopsis leaves to salt. To sum up, MYB72 negatively regulates the salt tolerance of A. thaliana by destroying the light energy capture, electron transport, and antioxidant capacity of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinuo Wu
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tanhang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Nan
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cold-Regions Wetlands Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin, China
| | - Huiui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Chen S, Zhou Q, Feng Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu W. Responsive mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni to complex saline-alkali stress revealed by photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:176. [PMID: 38896259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Saline-alkali stress induces oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in H. citrina, with a significant downregulation of the expression of photosynthesis- and antioxidant-related genes at high concentration. Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that impacts the growth and development of plants. In this study, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni was used to investigate its responsive mechanism to complex saline-alkali stress (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 1:9:9:1) for the first time. The growth phenotype, photoprotective mechanism, and antioxidant system of H. citrina were studied combining physiological and transcriptomic techniques. KEGG enrichment and GO analyses revealed significant enrichments of genes related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that saline-alkali stress remarkably affected the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system. A total of 29 key genes related to photosynthesis and 29 key genes related to antioxidant enzymes were discovered. High-concentration (250 mmol L-1) stress notably inhibited the expression levels of genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins, photosystem reaction center activity, electron transfer, chlorophyll synthesis, and Calvin cycle in H. citrina leaves. However, most of them were insignificantly changed under low-concentration (100 mmol L-1) stress. In addition, H. citrina leaves under saline-alkali stress exhibited yellow-brown necrotic spots, increased cell membrane permeability and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as osmolytes. Under 100 mmol L-1 stress, ROS was eliminate by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Nevertheless, 250 mmol L-1 stress down-regulated the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and key enzymes in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as well as thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Trx-Prx) pathway, thus inhibiting the activities of these enzymes. In conclusion, 250 mmol L-1 saline-alkali stress caused severe damage to H. citrina mainly by inhibiting photosynthesis and ROS scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiuxue Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Jameel J, Anwar T, Majeed S, Qureshi H, Siddiqi EH, Sana S, Zaman W, Ali HM. Effect of salinity on growth and biochemical responses of brinjal varieties: implications for salt tolerance and antioxidant mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38383291 PMCID: PMC10880304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, impacting crops' growth, morphology and biochemical parameters. A pot experiment of three months was conducted between February to April 2023 in the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four brinjal (eggplant) varieties: ICS-BR-1351, HBR-313-D, HBR-314-E, and HBR-334-D were selected and assessed for the effects of salinity on various growth and biochemical attributes. The experiment was completely randomized in design with three replicates each. This study revealed that increased salinity significantly reduced the shoot length, root length, and leaf number across all varieties, with maximum adverse effects observed at a 300mM NaCl concentration. Among the tested varieties, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated superior performance in most growth parameters, suggesting potential salt tolerance. Biochemically, salinity decreased chlorophyll content across all varieties, with the sharpest decline observed at the highest salt concentration. V4 (HBR-334-D) showed a 57% decrease in chlorophyll followed by V3 (HBR-314-E) at 56%, V2 (HBR-313-D) at 54%, and V1 (ICS-BR-1351) at 33% decrease at maximum salt levels as compared to control. Conversely, carotenoid content increased up to -42.11% in V3 followed by V2 at -81.48%, V4 at -94.11%, and - 233% in V1 at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to respective controls. V3 (HBR-314-E) has the maximum value for carotenoids while V1 has the lowest value for carotenoids as compared to the other three brinjal varieties. In addition to pigments, the study indicated a salinity-induced decrease in total proteins and total soluble sugar, whereas total amino acids and flavonoids increased. Total proteins showed a decrease in V2 (49.46%) followed by V3 (36.44%), V4 (53.42%), and V1 (53.79%) at maximum salt concentration as compared to plants treated with tap water only. Whereas, total soluble sugars showed a decrease of 52.07% in V3, 41.53% in V2, 19.49% in V1, and 18.99% in V4 at the highest salt level. While discussing total amino acid, plants showed a -9.64% increase in V1 as compared to V4 (-31.10%), V2 (-36.62%), and V3 (-22.61%) with high salt levels in comparison with controls. Plant flavonoid content increased in V3 (-15.61%), V2 (-19.03%), V4 (-18.27%) and V1 (-27.85%) at 300mM salt concentration. Notably, salinity elevated the content of anthocyanin, lycopene, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across all varieties. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased under salt stress, suggesting an adaptive response to combat oxidative damage. However, V3 (HBR-314-E) has shown an increase in anthocyanin at -80.00%, lycopene at -24.81%, MDA at -168.04%, hydrogen peroxide at -24.22%, POD at -10.71%, CAT as-36.63 and SOD as -99.14% at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to control and other varieties. The enhanced accumulation of antioxidants and other protective compounds suggests an adaptive mechanism in brinjal to combat salt-induced oxidative stress. The salt tolerance of different brinjal varieties was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the order of salt tolerance was V1 (ICS-BR-1351) > V4 (HBR-334-D), > V2 (HBR-313-D) > V3 (HBR-314-E). Among the varieties studied, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated resilience against saline conditions, potentially offering a promising candidate for saline-prone agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Jameel
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mishra S, Sharma A, Srivastava AK. Ascorbic acid: a metabolite switch for designing stress-smart crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38163756 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2286428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are continually being challenged by a diverse array of abiotic stresses, including: water scarcity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal exposure, and soil salinity. A common theme in these stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts cellular redox homeostasis causing oxidative damage. Ascorbic acid (AsA), commonly known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans, and also plays a crucial role in the plant kingdom. AsA is synthesized by plants through the d-mannose/l-galactose pathway that functions as a powerful antioxidant and protects plant cells from ROS generated during photosynthesis. AsA controls several key physiological processes, including: photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism, either by acting as a co-factor for metabolic enzymes or by regulating cellular redox-status. AsA's multi-functionality uniquely positions it to integrate and recalibrate redox-responsive transcriptional/metabolic circuits and essential biological processes, in accordance to developmental and environmental cues. In recognition of this, we present a systematic overview of current evidence highlighting AsA as a central metabolite-switch in plants. Further, a comprehensive overview of genetic manipulation of genes involved in AsA metabolism has been provided along with the bottlenecks and future research directions, that could serve as a framework for designing "stress-smart" crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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5
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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Marenkova TV, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2014. [PMID: 38001867 PMCID: PMC10669185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS will be described. This review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow various plant lines with given properties to be obtained in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Daria V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Tatiana V. Marenkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
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6
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Mariyam S, Bhardwaj R, Khan NA, Sahi SV, Seth CS. Review on nitric oxide at the forefront of rapid systemic signaling in mitigation of salinity stress in plants: Crosstalk with calcium and hydrogen peroxide. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111835. [PMID: 37611833 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a global issue that limits plant growth in agricultural fields and contributes to food crisis. Salt stressors impede plant's ionic, osmotic, and oxidative balance, as well as a variety of physiological functions. Exposure to salinity stress manifest considerable ROS clustering, entailing modification in performance of various organelles. To deal with salinity, plants use a variety of coping strategies, such as osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, increased antioxidant synthesis, and so on. Nitric oxide (NO) is a pivotal signalling molecule that helps facilitate salt stress-induced physiological plant responses. A variety of evidences point to NO being produced under similar stress conditions and with similar kinetics as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The interplay between H2O2 and NO has important functional implications for modulating plant transduction processes. Besides, NO and calcium (Ca2+)-dependent pathways also have some connection in salt stress response mechanisms. Extensive crosstalk between NO and Ca2+ signalling pathways is investigated, and it suggests that almost every type of Ca2+ channel is under the tight control of NO, and NO acts as a Ca2+ mobilising compound and aids in signal reliance. The review provides insights into understanding recent advances regarding NO's, Ca2+ and H2O2 role in salt stress reduction with entwine signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Mariyam
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendra V Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Amoah JN, Adu-Gyamfi MO, Kwarteng AO. Effect of drought acclimation on antioxidant system and polyphenolic content of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1577-1589. [PMID: 38076760 PMCID: PMC10709255 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change-induced drought stress on global food security and environmental sustainability is a serious concern. While previous research has highlighted the potential benefits of drought hardening in improving plants' ability to withstand drought, the exact underlying physiological mechanisms in millet plants (Setaria italica L.) have not been explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought hardening on antioxidant defense and polyphenol accumulation in different millet genotypes ('PI 689680' and 'PI 662292') subjected to different treatments: control (unstressed), drought acclimation (two stress episodes with recovery), and non-acclimation (single stress episode with no recovery). The results showed that drought stress led to higher levels of polyphenols and oxidative damage, as indicated by increased phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin levels. Non-acclimated (NA) plants experienced more severe oxidative damage and inhibition of enzymes associated with the ascorbate glutathione cycle compared to drought-acclimated plants. NA plants also exhibited a significant reduction in photosynthesis and tissue water content. The expression of genes related to antioxidants and polyphenol synthesis was more pronounced in non-acclimated plants. The study demonstrated that drought hardening not only prepared plants for subsequent drought stress but also mitigated damage caused by oxidative stress in plant physiology. Drought-acclimated (DA) plants displayed improved drought tolerance, as evidenced by better growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, polyphenol accumulation, and gene expression related to antioxidants and polyphenol synthesis. In conclusion, the research advocates for the use of drought hardening as an effective strategy to alleviate the negative impacts of drought-induced metabolic disturbances in millet. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01366-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N. Amoah
- Centre for Carbon, Water, and Food, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | | | - Albert Owusu Kwarteng
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
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de Aguiar ÉS, Dias AN, Sousa RM, Germano TA, de Sousa RO, Miranda RDS, Costa JH, dos Santos CP. Genome and Transcriptome Analyses of Genes Involved in Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Pepper Indicate Key Genes Related to Fruit Development, Stresses, and Phytohormone Exposures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3367. [PMID: 37836106 PMCID: PMC10574469 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable consumed worldwide, primarily used for vitamin C uptake and condiment purposes. Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite, acting as an antioxidant and enzymatic cofactor involved in multiple cellular processes. Nevertheless, there is no evidence about the contribution of biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms responsible for Asc reserves in pepper plants. Here, we present a genome- and transcriptome-wide investigation of genes responsible for Asc biosynthesis in pepper during fruit development, stresses, and phytohormone exposures. A total of 21 genes, scattered in ten of twelve pepper chromosomes were annotated. Gene expression analyses of nine transcriptomic experiments supported the primary role of the L-galactose pathway in the Asc-biosynthesizing process, given its constitutive, ubiquitous, and high expression profile observed in all studied conditions. However, genes from alternative pathways generally exhibited low expression or were unexpressed and appeared to play some secondary role under specific stress conditions and phytohormone treatments. Taken together, our findings provide a deeper spatio-temporal understanding of expression levels of genes involved in Asc biosynthesis, and they highlight GGP2, GME1 and 2, and GalLDH members from L-galactose pathway as promising candidates for future wet experimentation, addressing the attainment of increase in ascorbate content of peppers and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évelyn Silva de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil;
| | - Abigailde Nascimento Dias
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raquel Mendes Sousa
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Thais Andrade Germano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (T.A.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Renato Oliveira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.O.d.S.); (R.d.S.M.)
| | - Rafael de Souza Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.O.d.S.); (R.d.S.M.)
- Plant Science Department, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (T.A.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Clesivan Pereira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil;
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
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9
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Kumar D, Dhankher OP, Tripathi RD, Seth CS. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles potentially regulate the mechanism(s) for photosynthetic attributes, genotoxicity, antioxidants defense machinery, and phytochelatins synthesis in relation to hexavalent chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131418. [PMID: 37104951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (VI) is one of the hazardous heavy metal, heavily discharged into the soil and severely hampers the plants yield. The TiO2 NPs was selected due to its potential to alleviate the heavy metals toxicity. This manuscript unravels the mechanisms for Cr(VI) induced toxicity and how foliar application of TiO2 NPS potentially ameliorate the toxicity by regulating the photosynthetic attributes, DNA damage, antioxidants defense machinery, and phytochelatins synthesis in Helianthus annuus L. Plants were exposed to Cr(VI) concentrations [0, 15, 30, and 60 mg Cr(VI) kg-1 of soil], and TiO2 NPS (15 mg L-1, 25 nm size) were foliar sprayed thrice to the plants at three days interval. The maximum accumulation of total chromium was recorded in root (12.53 µg g-1 DW) followed by shoot (5.67 µg g-1 DW) at 60 mg Cr(VI) treatment. The presence and localization of TiO2 NPs inside the plant leaf cells were confirmed by TEM-EDS analysis. The results revealed that Cr(VI) exposure had a dose-dependent inhibitory effects on photosynthetic attributes, structure of guard and epidermal cells, photosynthetic pigments; inducing impacts on H2O2 and MDA productions, DNA damage, AsA-GSH cycle, and most importantly on PC2, and PC3 synthesis which is rarely reported. However, TiO2 NPs exposure minimized Cr(VI) induced toxicity through reduction of total chromium accumulation, H2O2 and MDA productions, thereby reducing DNA damage reported first time under combined treatment of Cr(VI)+ TiO2 NPs as evidenced through comet assay. It also positively regulate the photosynthetic pigments, AsA-GSH cycle, and modulates PC2 and PC3 synthesis which have crucial impacts on ROS quenching and Cr(VI) detoxification, respectively, and in turn, minimizes Cr(VI) toxicity in H. annuus L. Besides, this study strengthens the less acknowledged report that Cr(VI) is an inducer of PCs synthesis and also confirms that TiO2 NPs potentially counteract Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mazhar MW, Ishtiaq M, Maqbool M, Atiq Hussain S, Casini R, Abd-ElGawad AM, Elansary HO. Seed Nano-Priming with Calcium Oxide Maintains the Redox State by Boosting the Antioxidant Defense System in Water-Stressed Carom ( Trachyspermum ammi L.) Plants to Confer Drought Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091453. [PMID: 37176998 PMCID: PMC10180095 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the potential of nano seed priming with calcium oxide nanoparticles in maintaining the redox status in carom (Trachyspermum ammi L.) plants by modulating non-enzymatic antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidants. Calcium oxide nanoparticles were prepared in four testing regimes comprising 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm along with the control treatment of 0 ppm (distilled water). Priming was performed by soaking the carom seeds in the aerated water, and plants were grown under split plots corresponding to drought and water. Seed priming with 75 ppm CaONPs reduced hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage by 23.3%, 35.9% and 31.6%, respectively, in the water-stressed carom plants. The glutathione s-transferase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase functions improved under water stress by 42.3%, 24.1% and 44.8%, respectively, in the carom plants raised through 100 ppm primed seeds with CaO_NPs. Priming induced better Ca2+ signaling, which affected the enzymes of the ascorbate glutathione cycle, enabling them to maintain redox status in the carom plants exposed to drought stress. The morpho-agronomic traits of carom plants in terms of number of umbels, hundred seeds weights, shoot and root length and biomass improved significantly upon seed priming treatments. Seed priming with CaO_NPs is a viable strategy to combat reactive oxygen species-mediated damages in the carom plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Mazhar
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Maqbool
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | | | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Han K, Hu L, Niu T, Yang Y, Chang Y, Xie J. Exogenous Proline Enhances Systemic Defense against Salt Stress in Celery by Regulating Photosystem, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:928. [PMID: 36840277 PMCID: PMC9963348 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how exogenous proline induces salinity tolerance in celery. We analyzed the effects of foliar spraying with 0.3 mM proline on celery growth, photosystem, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant system under salt stress (100 mM NaCl), using no salt stress and no proline spraying as control. The results showed that proline-treated plants exhibited a significant increase in plant biomass due to improved growth physiology, supported by gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Calvin cycle enzyme activity (Ketosasaccharide-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase) results. Also, proline spraying significantly suppressed the increase in relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content caused by salt stress, suggesting a reduction in biological membrane damage. Moreover, salt stress resulted in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and 4-coumaric acid accumulation in celery, and their contents were reduced after foliar spraying of proline. Furthermore, proline increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced ascorbic acid, glutathione, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, total phenolic acids, and total flavonoids). Additionally, proline increased the activity of key enzymes (ascorbate oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) in the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle, activating it to counteract salt stress. In summary, exogenous proline promoted celery growth under salt stress, enhanced photosynthesis, increased total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents, and improved antioxidant capacity, thereby improving salt tolerance in celery.
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Roșca M, Mihalache G, Stoleru V. Tomato responses to salinity stress: From morphological traits to genetic changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118383. [PMID: 36909434 PMCID: PMC10000760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is an essential annual crop providing human food worldwide. It is estimated that by the year 2050 more than 50% of the arable land will become saline and, in this respect, in recent years, researchers have focused their attention on studying how tomato plants behave under various saline conditions. Plenty of research papers are available regarding the effects of salinity on tomato plant growth and development, that provide information on the behavior of different cultivars under various salt concentrations, or experimental protocols analyzing various parameters. This review gives a synthetic insight of the recent scientific advances relevant into the effects of salinity on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield, fruit quality parameters, and on gene expression of tomato plants. Notably, the works that assessed the salinity effects on tomatoes were firstly identified in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, followed by their sifter according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and with an emphasis on their results. The assessment of the selected studies pointed out that salinity is one of the factors significantly affecting tomato growth in all stages of plant development. Therefore, more research to find solutions to increase the tolerance of tomato plants to salinity stress is needed. Furthermore, the findings reported in this review are helpful to select, and apply appropriate cropping practices to sustain tomato market demand in a scenario of increasing salinity in arable lands due to soil water deficit, use of low-quality water in farming and intensive agronomic practices.
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Tan Z, Wu C, Xuan Z, Cheng Y, Xiong R, Su Z, Wang D. Lead exposure dose-dependently affects oxidative stress, AsA-GSH, photosynthesis, and mineral content in pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007276. [PMID: 36275549 PMCID: PMC9583015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal pollutant and negatively affects agriculture and ecosystems. Pb can cause oxidative stress and abnormal plant growth. The ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle mainly exists in chloroplasts and resists oxidative stress, scavenges reactive oxygen radicals, and maintains normal photosynthesis. However, the dosage related effects of Pb on pakchoi photosynthesis, via oxidative stress and the AsA-GSH system, remains unclear. In this study, various Pb dosage stress models were tested (low: 300 mg/kg; medium: 600 mg/kg; high: 900 mg/kg). Pb stress induced a dose-dependent increase in Pb content in pakchoi leaves (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that Se, B, and Pb were significantly and negatively correlated. Pb stress also increased MDA content and decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activities (P < 0.05). We also found that Vc content, as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio, decreased. Additionally, Pb stress destroyed chloroplast structure, decreased photosynthesis indicators Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci and VPD, and attenuated Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo (P < 0.05). In the high-dose group, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids decreased significantly, while the expression of chloroplast development genes (GLK, GLN2) decreased (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that Pb stress leads to dosage-dependent, aberrant photosynthesis by inhibiting the AsA-GSH system in pakchoi. This study expands the Pb toxicology research field and provides indications for screening antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanming Tan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Zhengying Xuan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Renci Xiong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Zhihang Su
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
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Response to Direct Selection against Drought Stress in Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6888187. [PMID: 36106029 PMCID: PMC9467820 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6888187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Central Anatolia is prone to drought with low precipitation and high evapotranspiration which influence the growth of a several crops. The selection and cultivation of drought-tolerant crops that can survive and maintain under poor climatic conditions are very important. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L. Umbelliferae) is famous for aromatic, medicinal, and therapeutic uses in the Mediterranean region and elsewhere. Drought stress most often delays or reduces seed germination ending up in irregular and poor crop growth. The study aimed to compare the effects of −0.1, −0.2, and −0.4 MPa of PEG 6000 osmo-priming pretreatments for 12, 24, and 36 h and two PEG 6000 post-treatments of −0.05 and −0.15 MPa along with their respective controls for 14 days as post-treatment on seed germination and seedling establishment potential of Turkish cv. Cameli. The results showed significant differences among germination index, germination stresses tolerance index, germination speed, final germination percentage, seedling vigor index, mean germination time, shoot, root and seedling length, and seedling fresh and dry weight of pretreatments and post-treatments when compared to nonprimed and hydro-primed seeds used as control treatments. Osmo-priming pretreatments of black cumin using −0.2 or −0.4 MPa PEG 6000 for 24 or 36 hours in a medium containing −0.05 MPa PEG 6000 as post-treatment showed improved germination efficiency, with increased adaptation ability.
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Comparative Metabolic Study of Two Contrasting Chinese Cabbage Genotypes under Mild and Severe Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115947. [PMID: 35682623 PMCID: PMC9180449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is an important leafy vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. Drought is one of the most important limiting factors for the growth, production and quality of Chinese cabbage due to its weak drought tolerance. In order to deepen the understanding of drought stress response in Chinese cabbage, metabolomics studies were conducted in drought−tolerant (DT) and drought−susceptible (DS) genotypes of Chinese cabbage under water deficit−simulated mild and severe drought stress conditions. A total of 777 metabolites were detected, wherein 90 of them were proposed as the drought−responsive metabolites in Chinese cabbage, with abscisic acid (ABA), serine, choline alfoscerate, and sphingosine as potential representative drought stress biomarkers. We also found that drought−tolerant and drought−susceptible genotypes showed differential metabolic accumulation patterns with contrasting drought response mechanisms. Notably, constitutively high levels of ABA and glutathione were detected in drought−tolerant genotype in all tested and control conditions. In addition, proline, sucrose, γ−aminobutyric acid, and glutathione were also found to be highly correlated to drought tolerance. This study is the first metabolomic study on how Chinese cabbage responds to drought stress, and could provide insights on how to develop and cultivate new drought−resistant varieties.
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Siddiqui MH, Khan MN, Singh VP. Hot and dry: how plants can thrive in future climates. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:497-499. [PMID: 35175359 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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