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Chakraborty A, Mukherjee S, Santra I, Dey D, Mukherjee S, Ghosh B. Secondary metabolite fingerprinting, anti-pathogenic activity, elite chemotype selection and conservation of Curcuma caesia- an ethnomedicinally underutilized species. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:155. [PMID: 38766325 PMCID: PMC11096293 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcuma caesia Roxb. is an ethnomedicinally important, essential oil (EO) yielding aromatic plant. A total of twelve accessions of this plant rhizome were collected from six different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against eight disease-causing, multi-drug-resistant pathogenic strains of urinary-tract infection and respiratory-tract infection. The EO and extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition zone of 18.00 ± 0.08 and 17.50 ± 0.14 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae by accession 06, even where all the broad-spectrum antibiotics failed to respond. In this study, we employed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to quantify curcumin, the primary secondary metabolite of C. caesia, and the highest 0.228 mg/gm of curcumin resulted from accession 06. Hence, on the basis of all aspects, accession 06 was identified as the elite chemotype among all twelve accessions. The chemical profiling of EO from accession 06 was done using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Conceivably, about 13 medicinally significant compounds were detected. As this plant species is seasonal and has difficulties in conventional breeding due to dormancy, it must be conserved through in vitro tissue culture for a steady supply throughout the year in massive amounts for agricultural demand. A maximum number of 19.28 ± 0.37 shoots has been obtained in MS medium fortified with 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin, and Naphthalene acetic acid. The genetic uniformity of the plants has been studied through Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism. Therefore, this study must help meet the need for essential phytoactive compounds through a simple, validated, and reproducible plant tissue culture protocol throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Chakraborty
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Suproteem Mukherjee
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Indranil Santra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
| | - Diganta Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Private Limited, Kolkata, 700068 India
| | - Swapna Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, Kolkata, 700084 India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118 India
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2
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Xia H, Pu X, Zhu X, Yang X, Guo H, Diao H, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zeng Y, Li Z. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Total Flavonoid Content in Brown Rice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1684. [PMID: 37761824 PMCID: PMC10531027 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic effects. Breeding rice varieties rich in flavonoids can prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, most of the genes reported are known to regulate flavonoid content in leaves or seedlings. To further elucidate the genetic basis of flavonoid content in rice grains and identify germplasm rich in flavonoids in grains, a set of rice core collections containing 633 accessions from 32 countries was used to determine total flavonoid content (TFC) in brown rice. We identified ten excellent germplasms with TFC exceeding 300 mg/100 g. Using a compressed mixed linear model, a total of 53 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). By combining linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, location of significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene expression, and haplotype analysis, eight candidate genes were identified from two important QTLs (qTFC1-6 and qTFC9-7), among which LOC_Os01g59440 and LOC_Os09g24260 are the most likely candidate genes. We also analyzed the geographic distribution and breeding utilization of favorable haplotypes of the two genes. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of TFC in brown rice and could facilitate the breeding of flavonoid-rich varieties, which may be a prevention and adjuvant treatment for cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (X.P.)
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (X.P.)
| | - Haifeng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Henan Diao
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe 164300, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Yulong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Xingming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China; (X.P.)
| | - Zichao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.X.)
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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3
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Sloan JM, Mujab AAM, Mashitah J, Zulkarami B, Wilson MJ, Toh LS, Nur Zahirah AJ, Afiq K, Asyraf AT, Zhu XG, Yaapar N, Fleming AJ. Elevated CO 2 Priming as a Sustainable Approach to Increasing Rice Tiller Number and Yield Potential. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 36947269 PMCID: PMC10033790 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tillering and yield are linked in rice, with significant efforts being invested to understand the genetic basis of this phenomenon. However, in addition to genetic factors, tillering is also influenced by the environment. Exploiting experiments in which seedlings were first grown in elevated CO2 (eCO2) before transfer and further growth under ambient CO2 (aCO2) levels, we found that even moderate exposure times to eCO2 were sufficient to induce tillering in seedlings, which was maintained in plants grown to maturity plants in controlled environment chambers. We then explored whether brief exposure to eCO2 (eCO2 priming) could be implemented to regulate tiller number and yield in the field. We designed a cost-effective growth system, using yeast to increase the CO2 level for the first 24 days of growth, and grew these seedlings to maturity in semi-field conditions in Malaysia. The increased growth caused by eCO2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight. In order to make the process more appealing to conventional rice farmers, we then developed a system in which fungal mycelium was used to generate the eCO2 via respiration of sugars derived by growing the fungus on lignocellulosic waste. Not only does this provide a sustainable source of CO2, it also has the added financial benefit to farmers of generating economically valuable oyster mushrooms as an end-product of mycelium growth. Our experiments show that the system is capable of generating sufficient CO2 to induce increased tillering in rice seedlings, leading eventually to 18% more tillers and panicles in mature paddy-grown crop. We discuss the potential of eCO2 priming as a rapidly implementable, broadly applicable and sustainable system to increase tillering, and thus yield potential in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sloan
- School of Biosciences, Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Azzami Adam Muhamad Mujab
- Commercialization and Business Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, MARDI Parit, 32800, Parit, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jusoh Mashitah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Berahim Zulkarami
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J Wilson
- School of Biosciences, Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liang Su Toh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Jalil Nur Zahirah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaruzali Afiq
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tajuddin Asyraf
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nazmin Yaapar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Andrew J Fleming
- School of Biosciences, Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Li Y, Ai Z, Mu Y, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Li L, Huang Z, Nie L, Khan MN. Rice yield penalty and quality deterioration is associated with failure of nitrogen uptake from regreening to panicle initiation stage under salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120755. [PMID: 37025146 PMCID: PMC10071828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development and utilization of saline land for rice cultivation have effectively expanded grain productivity. Rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and the increasing salinity problem threatens rice yield and quality. Therefore, we conducted open field experiments to study the effect of salinity on different growth stages of rice. Irrigating saline treatment was conducted at three different growth stages: irrigating saline from the regreening stage to the panicle initiation stage (S1), irrigating saline from the panicle initiation stage to the flowering stage (S2), and irrigating saline from the flowering stage to the maturity stage (S3). Each treatment period lasted for about 30 days. At the same time, irrigating saline water from the regreening stage to the maturity stage (S4) treatment was added in 2022 to explore the performance of salt stress during the whole growth period of rice. Based on the treatment of these different saline irrigation growth periods, three saline concentrations were incorporated, including salinity 0‰ (T1), 3‰ (T2), and 6‰ (T3) concentrations. No irrigating saline during the whole growth period was also used as a control (CK). The results indicated that rice grain yield and quality were most sensitive to saline treatment during S1 among the three stress periods. At the S1 stage, salinity mainly reduced the nitrogen uptake, resulting in stunted plant growth, reducing tillering, yield, and yield components, and deteriorating the rice quality. Compared to the control, IEN (grain yield over the total amount of N uptake in plants at maturity) was more sensitive at the S1 stage than S2 and S3 stages under salinity. Furthermore, the findings of our study suggest that under salinity, rice growth is not only directly affected by the higher sodium (Na+) content in plants, but the higher concentration of Na+ reduced the ability of plants to uptake nitrogen. Thus, more attention should be paid to the field management of the S1 stage, the most sensitive stage during rice cultivation in salinized areas. It is necessary to avoid salt damage to rice during this period and ensure irrigation with precious freshwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyong Ai
- National Innovation Center of Saline−Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yixue Mu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tingcheng Zhao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- National Innovation Center of Saline−Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Rare alleles from tolerant cultivars are useful for generating salt-tolerant rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:306-307. [PMID: 36503864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Chong SN, Ravindran P, Kumar PP. Regulation of primary seed dormancy by MAJOR LATEX PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEIN329 in Arabidopsis is dependent on DNA-BINDING ONE ZINC FINGER6. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6838-6852. [PMID: 35969447 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seeds exhibit primary dormancy to prevent germination under unfavourable conditions. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellin signalling intermediate RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) forms a transcription factor complex with DNA-BINDING ONE ZINC FINGER6 (DOF6) in regulating seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Using an RNA-sequencing approach, we identified MAJOR LATEX PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEIN329 (MLP329) as a downstream target of DOF6. MLP329 was found to be a positive regulator of primary seed dormancy, because freshly harvested unstratified mlp329 mutant seeds showed early germination, while unstratified transgenic seeds overexpressing MLP329 showed poor germination. MLP329 expression level was reduced in wild-type seeds upon dry storage and cold stratification. MLP329 expression level was enhanced by DOF6; however, DOF6-dependent MLP329 expression was suppressed in the presence of RGL2. MLP329 expression was enhanced in seeds treated with ABA and auxin IAA. Moreover, the mlp329 mutant seeds exhibited enhanced expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA1 and suppression of the ABA biosynthetic gene ZEP compared to the overexpression lines. The observed suppression of DOF6-dependent MLP329 expression by RGL2 reveals a possible negative feedback mechanism to modulate seed dormancy. MLP329 also probably enhances the endogenous ABA/GA ratio to positively regulate primary seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ney Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Pratibha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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Amoghavarsha C, Pramesh D, Sridhara S, Patil B, Shil S, Naik GR, Naik MK, Shokralla S, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Nayak A, Prasannakumar MK. Spatial distribution and identification of potential risk regions to rice blast disease in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7403. [PMID: 35523840 PMCID: PMC9076900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is a globally important crop and highly vulnerable to rice blast disease (RBD). We studied the spatial distribution of RBD by considering the 2-year exploratory data from 120 sampling sites over varied rice ecosystems of Karnataka, India. Point pattern and surface interpolation analyses were performed to identify the spatial distribution of RBD. The spatial clusters of RBD were generated by spatial autocorrelation and Ripley’s K function. Further, inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and indicator kriging (IK) approaches were utilized to generate spatial maps by predicting the values at unvisited locations using neighboring observations. Hierarchical cluster analysis using the average linkage method identified two main clusters of RBD severity. From the Local Moran’s I, most of the districts were clustered together (at I > 0), except the coastal and interior districts (at I < 0). Positive spatial dependency was observed in the Coastal, Hilly, Bhadra, and Upper Krishna Project ecosystems (p > 0.05), while Tungabhadra and Kaveri ecosystem districts were clustered together at p < 0.05. From the kriging, Hilly ecosystem, middle and southern parts of Karnataka were found vulnerable to RBD. This is the first intensive study in India on understanding the spatial distribution of RBD using geostatistical approaches, and the findings from this study help in setting up ecosystem-specific management strategies against RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaragi Amoghavarsha
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.,Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Devanna Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Balanagouda Patil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandip Shil
- Division of Social Sciences, Research Centre, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ganesha R Naik
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath K Naik
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ahmed M El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anusha Nayak
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukapalli K Prasannakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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