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Souza MRDPDE, Zaleski T, Machado C, Kandalski PK, Forgati M, D' Bastiani E, Piechnik CA, Donatti L. Effect of heat stress on the antioxidant defense system and erythrocyte morphology of Antarctic fishes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 94:e20190657. [PMID: 34730667 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of thermal stress on erythrocytes of Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps, abundant notothenioids in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. In both species, the antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase were punctually altered (8°C for 1, 3 and 6 days) in erythrocytes, indicating that these markers are not ideal for termal stress. However, under the influence of thermal stress, morphological changes in Notothenia coriiceps erythrocytes were observed at all exposure times (1, 3 and 6 days at 8°C), and in Notothenia rossii occurred in 6 days. These results suggest that Notothenia corriceps presents a lower tolerance to thermal stress at 8°C for up to 6 days, since the cellular and nuclear alterations recorded are pathological and may be deleterious to the cells. Among the morphological markers analyzed in this work, we believe that the shape change and nuclear bubble formation may be good stress biomarkers in erythrocytes of Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa D P DE Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tania Zaleski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cintia Machado
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila K Kandalski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Forgati
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elvira D' Bastiani
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A Piechnik
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Todgham AE, Mandic M. Understanding the Metabolic Capacity of Antarctic Fishes to Acclimate to Future Ocean Conditions. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:1425-1437. [PMID: 32814956 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic fishes have evolved under stable, extreme cold temperatures for millions of years. Adapted to thrive in the cold environment, their specialized phenotypes will likely render them particularly susceptible to future ocean warming and acidification as a result of climate change. Moving from a period of stability to one of environmental change, species persistence will depend on maintaining energetic equilibrium, or sustaining the increased energy demand without compromising important biological functions such as growth and reproduction. Metabolic capacity to acclimate, marked by a return to metabolic equilibrium through physiological compensation of routine metabolic rate (RMR), will likely determine which species will be better poised to cope with shifts in environmental conditions. Focusing on the suborder Notothenioidei, a dominant group of Antarctic fishes, and in particular four well-studied species, Trematomus bernacchii, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, Notothenia rossii, and N. coriiceps, we discuss metabolic acclimation potential to warming and CO2-acidification using an integrative and comparative framework. There are species-specific differences in the physiological compensation of RMR during warming and the duration of acclimation time required to achieve compensation; for some species, RMR fully recovered within 3.5 weeks of exposure, such as P. borchgrevinki, while for other species, such as N. coriiceps, RMR remained significantly elevated past 9 weeks of exposure. In all instances, added exposure to increased PCO2, further compromised the ability of species to return RMR to pre-exposure levels. The period of metabolic imbalance, marked by elevated RMR, was underlined by energetic disturbance and elevated energetic costs, which shifted energy away from fitness-related functions, such as growth. In T. bernacchii and N. coriiceps, long duration of elevated RMR impacted condition factor and/or growth rate. Low growth rate can affect development and ultimately the timing of reproduction, severely compromising the species' survival potential and the biodiversity of the notothenioid lineage. Therefore, the ability to achieve full compensation of RMR, and in a short-time frame, in order to avoid long term consequences of metabolic imbalance, will likely be an important determinant in a species' capacity to persist in a changing environment. Much work is still required to develop our understanding of the bioenergetics of Antarctic fishes in the face of environmental change, and a targeted approach of nesting a mechanistic focus in an ecological and comparative framework will better aid our predictions on the effect of global climate change on species persistence in the polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Souza MRDPD, Herrerias T, Zaleski T, Forgati M, Kandalski PK, Machado C, Silva DT, Piechnik CA, Moura MO, Donatti L. Heat stress in the heart and muscle of the Antarctic fishes Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps: Carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defence. Biochimie 2018; 146:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Klein RD, Rosa CE, Colares EP, Robaldo RB, Martinez PE, Bianchini A. Antioxidant defense system and oxidative status in Antarctic fishes: The sluggish rockcod Notothenia coriiceps versus the active marbled notothen Notothenia rossii. J Therm Biol 2017; 68:119-127. [PMID: 28689713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive responses of antioxidant defense systems (ADS) to changes in increased levels of activity are critical, especially in Antarctic fishes. The benthopelagic marbled notothen (Notothenia rossii) shows higher spontaneous activity than the benthonic and sluggish rockcod (N. coriiceps). Therefore, we hypothesize that species-related responses of ADS would occur to counteract different rates of reactive oxygen species formation in these two Antarctic fish. Here we evaluated ADS and oxidative damage in tissues (brain, gills, liver and white muscle) of the two Antarctic fish. Despite no significant differences in lipid and protein oxidative damage were observed, we actually found species- and tissue-specific differences in ADS. Gill metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and liver reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were higher in N. coriiceps than in N. rossii. Brain and gill antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); gill enzyme [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] activity; liver GCL and SOD activity; and white muscle CAT activity were higher in N. rossii than in N. coriiceps. Therefore, the more active fish (N. rossii) maintains higher activities of enzymes involved in superoxide ions (O2.-) detoxification and GSH production in peripheral tissues (gills, liver and white muscle). This allows the more active fish (N. rossii) to keep levels of lipid and protein oxidative damage similar to those observed in the sluggish fish (N. coriiceps). It is worth noting that the more active fish also shows a higher brain antioxidant capacity, which could involve other non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamins C and E. In contrast, N. coriiceps shows lower consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants in peripheral tissues than N. coriiceps. As hypothesized, our results indicate that differences in ADS profiles between fish species are likely related to their habits and metabolic rates. This would imply in different fish abilities to deal with oxidative stress associated with increasing seawater temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Daniele Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Elton Pinto Colares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Elias Martinez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Rodrigues E, Feijó-Oliveira M, Suda CNK, Vani GS, Donatti L, Rodrigues E, Lavrado HP. Metabolic responses of the Antarctic fishes Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps to sewage pollution. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1205-20. [PMID: 26031510 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the sewage effects of the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, on the hepatic metabolism (energetic, antioxidant, and arginase levels) and levels of plasma constituents of two Antarctic fish species Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps. The bioassays were conducted under controlled temperature (0 °C) and salinity (35 psu), exposing the fish for 96 h, to sewage effluent diluted in seawater to 0.5 % (v/v). Liver homogenates were tested for the specific activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GPase), hexokinase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and arginase. Plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate were also determined. In N. rossii, the decrease in citrate synthase and the increase in G6Pase and GPase suggested that the sewage effluent activated glycogenolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas is N. coriiceps, only G6Pase levels were increased. In N. rossii, sewage effluent induced hypertriglyceridemia without modulating glucose plasma levels, in contrast to N. coriiceps, which developed hypoglycemia without elevating plasma triglyceride levels. The decrease in glutathione reductase levels in N. coriiceps and in superoxide dismutase and catalase in N. rossii suggest that these two species are susceptible to oxidative stress stemming from the production of reactive oxygen species. An increase in magnesium in N. rossii and a decrease in N. coriiceps showed that sewage effluent compromised the control of plasma levels of this cation. Although phylogenetically close, both species of Antarctic fish exhibited different metabolic responses to the sewage effluent, with N. coriiceps showing greater susceptibility to the toxic effects of the pollutants. The present study suggests that the biochemical responses of these two species are potential indicators of metabolic changes caused by sewage effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Feijó-Oliveira
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecília Nohome Kawagoe Suda
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Gannabathula Sree Vani
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Departamento of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico s/No, Curitiba, 81.530-130, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helena Passeri Lavrado
- Departamento of Marine Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 - CCS - Bloco A - sala 89, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Effect of temperature acclimation on the liver antioxidant defence system of the Antarctic nototheniids Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mueller I, Hoffman M, Dullen K, O’Brien K. Moderate elevations in temperature do not increase oxidative stress in oxidative muscles of Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mueller IA, Devor DP, Grim JM, Beers JM, Crockett EL, O'Brien KM. Exposure to critical thermal maxima increases oxidative stress in hearts of white- but not red-blooded Antarctic notothenioid fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:3655-64. [PMID: 22811244 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.071811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic icefishes have a significantly lower critical thermal maximum (CT(max)) compared with most red-blooded notothenioid fishes. We hypothesized that the lower thermal tolerance of icefishes compared with red-blooded notothenioids may stem from a greater vulnerability to oxidative stress as temperature increases. Oxidative muscles of icefishes have high volume densities of mitochondria, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, icefishes have lower levels of antioxidants compared with red-blooded species. To test our hypothesis, we measured levels of oxidized proteins and lipids, and transcript levels and maximal activities of antioxidants in heart ventricle and oxidative pectoral adductor muscle of icefishes and red-blooded notothenioids held at 0°C and exposed to their CT(max). Levels of oxidized proteins and lipids increased in heart ventricle of some icefishes but not in red-blooded species in response to warming, and not in pectoral adductor muscle of any species. Thus, increases in oxidative damage in heart ventricles may contribute to the reduced thermal tolerance of icefishes. Despite an increase in oxidative damage in hearts of icefishes, neither transcript levels nor activities of antioxidants increased, nor did they increase in any tissue of any species in response to exposure to CT(max). Rather, transcript levels of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in hearts of icefishes and the activity of SOD decreased in hearts of the red-blooded species Gobionotothen gibberifrons. These data suggest that notothenioids may have lost the ability to elevate levels of antioxidants in response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Mueller
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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