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Segovia NI, González-Wevar CA, Naretto J, Rosenfeld S, Brickle P, Hüne M, Bernal V, Haye PA, Poulin E. The right tool for the right question: contrasting biogeographic patterns in the notothenioid fish Harpagifer spp. along the Magellan Province. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212738. [PMID: 35382596 PMCID: PMC8984805 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based analysis has become a fundamental tool to understand the role of Quaternary glacial episodes. In the Magellan Province in southern South America, ice covering during the last glacial maximum (20 ka) radically altered the landscape/seascape, speciation rates and distribution of species. For the notothenioid fishes of the genus Harpagifer, in the area are described two nominal species. Nevertheless, this genus recently colonized South America from Antarctica, providing a short time for speciation processes. Combining DNA sequences and genotyping-by-sequencing SNPs, we evaluated the role of Quaternary glaciations over the patterns of genetic structure in Harpagifer across its distribution in the Magellan Province. DNA sequences showed low phylogeographic structure, with shared and dominant haplotypes between nominal species, suggesting a single evolutionary unit. SNPs identified contrastingly two groups in Patagonia and a third well-differentiated group in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands with limited and asymmetric gene flow. Linking the information of different markers allowed us to infer the relevance of postglacial colonization mediated by the general oceanographic circulation patterns. Contrasting rough- and fine-scale genetic patterns highlights the relevance of combined methodologies for species delimitation, which, depending on the question to be addressed, allows discrimination among phylogeographic structure, discarding incipient speciation, and contemporary spatial differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Segovia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C A González-Wevar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Dinámicas de Ecosistemas de Altas Latitudes (Fondap IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - J Naretto
- Costa Humboldt, Puerto Varas, Los Lagos, Chile
| | - S Rosenfeld
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y sub-Antárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - P Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, UK
| | - M Hüne
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas Australes (ICEA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - V Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
| | - P A Haye
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - E Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
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Ferreira MF, Lo Nostro FL, Fernández DA, Genovese G. Endocrine disruption in the sub Antarctic fish Patagonotothen tessellata (Perciformes, Notothenidae) from Beagle Channel associated to anthropogenic impact. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105478. [PMID: 34562790 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Situated in the sub-Antarctic region, Beagle Channel represents a unique marine ecosystem due to the connection between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, and its proximity to the Antarctic Peninsula. Ushuaia city, the biggest settlement on the channel, exerts an increasing anthropogenic pressure by discharges of urban and industrial effluents. In the present work, we use Patagonotothen tessellata, one of the most abundant and widespread species in the channel, as a bioindicator species in order to evidence anthropic impact from Ushuaia Bay and surrounding areas. We first analyzed and characterized real time gene expression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor and different forms of vitellogenin (VTG), under laboratory conditions. This was achieved by induction with estradiol of P. tessellata males. Then, the selected genes were used as biomarkers for an environmental biomonitoring study. Morphometric indices and circulating sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone) were also quantified in male fish collected from different sites. The qPCR analysis showed that vtgAb form is more inducible than vtgAa or vtgC forms after estrogen induction. The field survey revealed the up-regulation of vtgAb and the androgen receptor in fish from sites with higher anthropogenic influence. Sex steroids followed seasonal variations according to their reproductive cycle, with higher levels of estradiol and testosterone in winter and summer seasons. The use of biomarkers such as gene expression of VTG demonstrates that fish from Ushuaia Bay are likely to be exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds. To our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to assess the endocrine disruption associated to anthropic impact in a widespread fish of the Beagle Channel and contributes to a better understanding of the reproductive physiology of sub Antarctic ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Ferreira
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra Del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA-UNTDF), Ushuaia, Argentina; Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Griselda Genovese
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Hüne M, Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Caselle JE, Sala E. Assemblage structure and spatial diversity patterns of kelp forest-associated fishes in Southern Patagonia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257662. [PMID: 34543325 PMCID: PMC8452001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the ecology of the fish fauna associated with kelp (primarily Macrocystis pyrifera) forests in Southern Patagonia is scarce, especially in how abiotic and biotic variables influence their structure, diversity, and distribution. This information is important for the management and conservation of this unique ecosystem, which has minimal anthropogenic impacts at present. We analyzed data from 122 quantitative underwater transects conducted within kelp forests at 61 stations from Chile's southern Patagonian fjords to the Cape Horn and Diego Ramirez archipelagos and the southern tip of Argentina, including the Mitre Peninsula and Isla de los Estados. In total, 25 fish species belonging to 13 families were observed. Multivariate analysis indicated that there are significant differences in fish assemblage structure among locations and wave exposures, which was driven primarily by Patagonotothen sima and Paranotothenia magellanica, which occurred on exposed and semi-exposed stations. P. cornucola was mainly distributed across sheltered stations of the Kawésqar National Park. Temperature, salinity, depth, and kelp density influenced fish assemblage structure, with the highest diversity in areas with the lowest temperature and greater depth at Isla de los Estados. In contrast, species richness, diversity, abundance, and biomass were all lower in areas with high density of the understory kelp Lessonia spp., which might be driven by the absence of P. tessellata, P. squamiceps and P. cornucola, the most important species in terms of occurrence, abundance, and biomass. Our study provides the first broad-scale description of the fish assemblages associated with kelp forests along the southern cone of South America based on non-invasive visual transects, improving our knowledge of the distribution of fish assemblages across several environmental conditions in this vast and little-studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hüne
- Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas Australes (ICEA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Alan M. Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer E. Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Llompart FM, Fernández DA, Aureliano D, La Mesa M. Life-history traits of the Magellan plunderfish Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, 1801) in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, South America). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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The buoyancy-based biotope axis of the evolutionary radiation of Antarctic cryonotothenioid fishes. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Gilmour ME, Holmes ND, Fleishman AB, Kriwoken LK. Temporal and interspecific variation in feather mercury in four penguin species from Macquarie Island, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:282-289. [PMID: 31232305 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We measured mercury (Hg) concentrations in feathers from four penguin species collected on Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean, to 1) establish baseline Hg concentrations; and 2) compare Hg from samples collected in 2002 ("modern") and from museum specimens collected between 1937 and 1976 ("historic"). Inter-specific differences in feather Hg reflected known differences in habitats and diversity of diets: benthic-foraging Gentoo penguins and Rockhopper penguins that foraged both inshore and offshore had significantly higher feather mercury than the more pelagic, specialist foraging King and Royal penguins. Hg significantly decreased between historic and modern samples in King and Royal penguins. This decrease could be due to changes in either diet, foodwebs, or atmospheric Hg input and sources in the Southern Hemisphere. Because Macquarie Island is home to 2.8 million marine animals, these data may indicate that other species that forage and breed in this region are also exposed to low Hg concentrations in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gilmour
- Ocean Sciences Dept., University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz 95060, CA, USA.
| | - N D Holmes
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia 7001; Island Conservation, 2100 Delaware Ave., Santa Cruz 95060, CA, USA
| | - A B Fleishman
- Conservation Metrics, Inc., 145 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz 95060, CA, USA
| | - L K Kriwoken
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia 7001
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8
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Ceballos SG, Roesti M, Matschiner M, Fernández DA, Damerau M, Hanel R, Salzburger W. Phylogenomics of an extra-Antarctic notothenioid radiation reveals a previously unrecognized lineage and diffuse species boundaries. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:13. [PMID: 30630407 PMCID: PMC6327445 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impressive adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes in Antarctic waters is generally thought to have been facilitated by an evolutionary key innovation, antifreeze glycoproteins, permitting the rapid evolution of more than 120 species subsequent to the Antarctic glaciation. By way of contrast, the second-most species-rich notothenioid genus, Patagonotothen, which is nested within the Antarctic clade of Notothenioidei, is almost exclusively found in the non-Antarctic waters of Patagonia. While the drivers of the diversification of Patagonotothen are currently unknown, they are unlikely to be related to antifreeze glycoproteins, given that water temperatures in Patagonia are well above freezing point. Here we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) in a total of twelve Patagonotothen species. Results We present a well-supported, time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis including closely and distantly related outgroups, confirming the monophyly of the genus Patagonotothen with an origin approximately 3 million years ago and the paraphyly of both the sister genus Lepidonotothen and the family Notothenidae. Our phylogenomic and population genetic analyses highlight a previously unrecognized linage and provide evidence for shared genetic variation between some closely related species. We also provide a mitochondrial phylogeny showing mitonuclear discordance. Conclusions Based on a combination of phylogenomic and population genomic approaches, we provide evidence for the existence of a new, potentially cryptic, Patagonotothen species, and demonstrate that genetic boundaries between some closely related species are diffuse, likely due to recent introgression and/or incomplete linage sorting. The detected mitonuclear discordance highlights the limitations of relying on a single locus for species barcoding. In addition, our time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis shows that the early burst of diversification roughly coincides with the onset of the intensification of Quaternary glacial cycles and that the rate of species accumulation may have been stepwise rather than constant. Our phylogenetic framework not only advances our understanding of the origin of a high-latitude marine radiation, but also provides the basis for the study of the ecology and life history of the genus Patagonotothen, as well as for their conservation and commercial management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1345-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Ceballos
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE, Ushuaia, Argentina. .,Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo A Houssay 200, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. .,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marius Roesti
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Matschiner
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE, Ushuaia, Argentina.,Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo A Houssay 200, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Malte Damerau
- Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Hanel
- Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Hamburg, Germany
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Early life history traits of Harpagifer antarcticus (Harpagiferidae, Notothenioidei) from the South Shetland Islands during austral summer. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Riccialdelli L, Newsome SD, Fogel ML, Fernández DA. Trophic interactions and food web structure of a subantarctic marine food web in the Beagle Channel: Bahía Lapataia, Argentina. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-2007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Spatial variation in the diet of Patagonotothen tessellata (Pisces, Nototheniidae) from the fjords and channels of southern Chilean Patagonia. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3434-9. [PMID: 22331888 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115169109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, but has experienced episodic climate change during the past 40 million years. It remains unclear how ancient periods of climate change have shaped Antarctic biodiversity. The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Antarctic notothenioid fishes has become a classic example of how the evolution of a key innovation in response to climate change can drive adaptive radiation. By using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of notothenioids and reconstructed paleoclimate, we demonstrate that the origin of AFGP occurred between 42 and 22 Ma, which includes a period of global cooling approximately 35 Ma. However, the most species-rich lineages diversified and evolved significant ecological differences at least 10 million years after the origin of AFGPs, during a second cooling event in the Late Miocene (11.6-5.3 Ma). This pattern indicates that AFGP was not the sole trigger of the notothenioid adaptive radiation. Instead, the bulk of the species richness and ecological diversity originated during the Late Miocene and into the Early Pliocene, a time coincident with the origin of polar conditions and increased ice activity in the Southern Ocean. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of Antarctic notothenioids suggesting that the ecological opportunity that underlies this adaptive radiation is not linked to a single trait, but rather to a combination of freeze avoidance offered by AFGPs and subsequent exploitation of new habitats and open niches created by increased glacial and ice sheet activity.
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