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Deng S, Pan L, Ke T, Liang J, Zhang R, Chen H, Tang M, Hu W. Rhizophagus Irregularis regulates flavonoids metabolism in paper mulberry roots under cadmium stress. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01155-7. [PMID: 38836935 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is widely found in cadmium (Cd) contaminated areas, with an inherent enhanced flavonoids metabolism and inhibited lignin biosynthesis, colonized by lots of symbiotic fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which Rhizophagus irregularis, an AM fungus, regulates flavonoids and lignin in B. papyrifera under Cd stress remain unclear. Here, a pot experiment of B. papyrifera inoculated and non-inoculated with R. irregularis under Cd stress was carried out. We determined flavonoids and lignin concentrations in B. papyrifera roots by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively, and measured the transcriptional levels of flavonoids- or lignin-related genes in B. papyrifera roots, aiming to ascertain the key components of flavonoids or lignin, and key genes regulated by R. irregularis in response to Cd stress. Without R. irregularis, the concentrations of eriodictyol, quercetin and myricetin were significantly increased under Cd stress. The concentrations of eriodictyol and genistein were significantly increased by R. irregularis, while the concentration of rutin was significantly decreased. Total lignin and lignin monomer had no alteration under Cd stress or with R. irregularis inoculation. As for flavonoids- or lignin-related genes, 26 genes were co-regulated by Cd stress and R. irregularis. Among these genes, BpC4H2, BpCHS8 and BpCHI5 were strongly positively associated with eriodictyol, indicating that these three genes participate in eriodictyol biosynthesis and were involved in R. irregularis assisting B. papyrifera to cope with Cd stress. This lays a foundation for further research revealing molecular mechanisms by which R. irregularis regulates flavonoids synthesis to enhance tolerance of B. papyrifera to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Deng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Pan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Ke
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wentao Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ivannikov R, Laguta I, Anishchenko V, Skorochod I, Kuzema P, Stavinskaya O, Parnikoza I, Poronnik O, Myryuta G, Kunakh V. Composition and Radical Scavenging Activity of the Extracts from Deschampsia Antarctica É. Desv. Plants Grown in Situ and in Vitro. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2021. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2021.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The work was aimed at studying the phytochemicals available in D. antarctica plants from various sites on Antarctic Islands, introducing the plants into in vitro culture and comparing the extracts from the plants grown in situ and in vitro. All the extracts were found to contain high amount of phenols, with luteolin and hydroxybenzoic acids derivatives being the main phytochemicals in the extracts from the plants grown in situ and in vitro. Being diluted by 10 times, the extracts scavenged 50÷90% of DPPH• radicals, 20÷40% of NO• radicals and 40÷60% of OH• radicals. Despite the differences in composition, extracts from the plants grown in situ and in vitro showed similar radical scavenging activity.
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Cuadra P, Guajardo J, Carrasco-Orellana C, Stappung Y, Fajardo V, Herrera R. Differential expression after UV-B radiation and characterization of chalcone synthase from the Patagonian hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112179. [PMID: 31669976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deschampsiaantarctica inhabits the maritime territory of Antarctica and South Patagonia. It grows under very harsh environmental conditions. The survival of this species in low freezing temperatures and under high levels of UV-B radiation may constitute some of the most remarkable adaptive plant responses and suggests that this plant possesses genes associated with cold and UV tolerance. Frequently, increased levels of flavonoids have been linked to highly UV-B irradiated plants. Studies examining the biosynthesis of flavonoids in D. antarctica may provide clues to its success in this extreme environment. In this study, we characterized the family of genes encoding chalcone synthase, a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. DaCHS was cloned, sequenced and characterized by using software tools. CHS contains two domains, the N-terminal domain ranges from amino acid 8 to 231 and the C-terminal domain ranges from amino acid 241 to 391. Sequence analysis of the three family members revealed a high degree of identity after comparison with other monocotyledons such as Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L. and Hordeum vulgare L. According to these results, DaCHS can be grouped together with H. vulgare CHS1 in the same branch. The phylogenetic tree was built using MEGA software and the neighbour join method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. A model of DaCHS was constructed by way of structural tools and key amino acid residues were identified at the active motif site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cuadra
- Universidad de Magallanes, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, P.O. Box 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Joselin Guajardo
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Yazmina Stappung
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Víctor Fajardo
- Universidad de Magallanes, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, P.O. Box 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, 2 norte 685, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile.
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He Y, Li R, Lin F, Xiong Y, Wang L, Wang B, Guo J, Hu C. Transcriptome Changes Induced by Different Potassium Levels in Banana Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E11. [PMID: 31861661 PMCID: PMC7020221 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Potassium plays an important role in enhancing plant resistance to biological and abiotic stresses and improving fruit quality. To study the effect of potassium nutrient levels on banana root growth and its regulation mechanism, four potassium concentrations were designed to treat banana roots from no potassium to high potassium. The results indicated that K2 (3 mmol/L K2SO4) treatment was a relatively normal potassium concentration for the growth of banana root, and too high or too low potassium concentration was not conducive to the growth of banana root. By comparing the transcriptome data in each treatment in pairs, 4454 differentially expressed genes were obtained. There were obvious differences in gene function enrichment in root systems treated with different concentrations of potassium. Six significant expression profiles (profile 0, 1, 2, 7, 9 and 13) were identified by STEM analysis. The hub genes were FKF1, HsP70-1, NRT1/PTR5, CRY1, and ZIP11 in the profile 0; CYP51 in profile 1; SOS1 in profile 7; THA, LKR/SDH, MCC, C4H, CHI, F3'H, 2 PR1s, BSP, TLP, ICS, RO, chitinase and peroxidase in profile 9. Our results provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the gene regulation network in banana roots under different potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdui He
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Fei Lin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Ying Xiong
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Bizun Wang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Jianchun Guo
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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The Chalcone Isomerase Family in Cotton: Whole-Genome Bioinformatic and Expression Analyses of the Gossypium barbadense L. Response to Fusarium Wilt Infection. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121006. [PMID: 31817162 PMCID: PMC6947653 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is a key component of phenylalanine metabolism that can produce a variety of flavonoids. However, little information and no systematic analysis of CHI genes is available for cotton. Here, we identified 33 CHI genes in the complete genome sequences of four cotton species (Gossypium arboretum L., Gossypium raimondii L., Gossypium hirsutum L., and Gossypium barbadense L.). Cotton CHI proteins were classified into two main groups, and whole-genome/segmental and dispersed duplication events were important in CHI gene family expansion. qRT-PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR results suggest that CHI genes exhibit temporal and spatial variation and respond to infection with Fusarium wilt race 7. A preliminary model of CHI gene involvement in cotton evolution was established. Pairwise comparison revealed that seven CHI genes showed higher expression in cultivar 06-146 than in cultivar Xinhai 14. Overall, this whole-genome identification unlocks a new approach to the comprehensive functional analysis of the CHI gene family, which may be involved in adaptation to plant pathogen stress.
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Yin YC, Zhang XD, Gao ZQ, Hu T, Liu Y. The Research Progress of Chalcone Isomerase (CHI) in Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:32-52. [PMID: 30324542 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is the second rate-limiting and the first reported enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids. It catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization reaction, converting the bicyclic chalcone into tricyclic (2S)-flavanone. In this paper, we obtained and analyzed 916 DNA sequences, 1310 mRNA sequences, and 2403 amino acid sequences of CHI registered in NCBI by Jan 2018. The full length of CHI DNA sequences ranges from 218 to 3758 bp, CHI mRNA sequences ranges from 265 to 1436 bp, and CHI amino acid sequences ranges from 35 to 465 amino acid residues. Forty representative species were selected from each family to construct the maximum likelihood tree and analyze the evolutionary relationship. According to the medicinal and agricultural use, 13 specific species were selected, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The molecular weight of CHI ranges from 23 to 26 kD, and the isoelectric point of CHI ranges from 4.93 to 5.85. All the half-life periods of CHI are 30 h in mammalian reticulocytes in vitro, 20 h in yeast, and 10 h in E. coli in vivo, theoretically. The consistency of the 13 CHI amino acid sequences is 63.55%. According to the similarity between each sequence, we selected four CHI sequences of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Taxus wallichiana, and Tradescantia hirsutiflora for secondary structure, three-dimensional protein models, conserved domains, transmembrane structure, and signal peptide prediction analysis. It was found that CHI sequences of Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora owned a higher similarity; they both share the template 4doi.1.A. The four CHI all have no signal peptides, and they exert their activities in cytoplasm. Then, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Research Gate were used as information sources through the search terms 'chalcone isomerase', 'biosynthesis', 'expression', and their combinations to get the latest and comprehensive information of CHI, mainly from the year 2010 to 2018. More than 300 papers were searched and 116 papers were reviewed in the present work. We summarized the classification of CHI, catalytic reaction mechanism of CHI, and progress of genetic engineering regarding CHI clone, expression, and exogenous stimulator regulation. This paper will lay a foundation for further studies of CHI and other functional genes involved in flavonoids biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102401, China.
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Crystal structure and enzymatic properties of chalcone isomerase from the Antarctic vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica Desv. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192415. [PMID: 29394293 PMCID: PMC5796730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is an important enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis that catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of chalcones into (S)-flavanones. CHIs have been classified into two types based on their substrate specificity. Type I CHIs use naringenin chalcone as a substrate and are found in most of plants besides legumes, whereas type II CHIs in leguminous plants can also utilize isoliquiritigenin. In this study, we found that the CHI from the Antarctic plant Deschampsia antarctica (DaCHI1) is of type I based on sequence homology but can use type II CHI substrates. To clarify the enzymatic mechanism of DaCHI1 at the molecular level, the crystal structures of unliganded DaCHI1 and isoliquiritigenin-bound DaCHI1 were determined at 2.7 and 2.1 Å resolutions, respectively. The structures revealed that isoliquiritigenin binds to the active site of DaCHI1 and induces conformational changes. Additionally, the activity assay showed that while DaCHI1 exhibits substrate preference for naringenin chalcone, it can also utilize isoliquiritigenin although the catalytic activity was relatively low. Based on these results, we propose that DaCHI1 uses various substrates to produce antioxidant flavonoids as an adaptation to oxidative stresses associated with harsh environmental conditions.
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Montes C, Castro Á, Barba P, Rubio J, Sánchez E, Carvajal D, Aguirre C, Tapia E, DelÍ Orto P, Decroocq V, Prieto H. Differential RNAi responses of Nicotiana benthamiana individuals transformed with a hairpin-inducing construct during Plum pox virus challenge. Virus Genes 2014; 49:325-38. [PMID: 24964777 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing and large-scale small RNA analysis can be used to develop RNA interference (RNAi)-based resistance strategies for Plum pox virus (PPV), a high impact disease of Prunus spp. In this study, a pPPViRNA hairpin-inducing vector harboring two silencing motif-rich regions of the PPV coat protein (CP) gene was evaluated in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (NB) plants. Wild-type NB plants infected with a chimeric PPV virus (PPV::GFP) exhibited affected leaves with mosaic chlorosis congruent to GFP fluorescence at 21 day post-inoculation; transgenic lines depicted a range of phenotypes from fully resistant to susceptible. ELISA values and GFP fluorescence intensities were used to select transgenic-resistant (TG-R) and transgenic-susceptible (TG-S) lines for further characterization of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by large-scale small RNA sequencing. In infected TG-S and untransformed (WT) plants, the observed siRNAs were nearly exclusively 21- and 22-nt siRNAs that targeted the whole PPV::GFP genome; 24-nt siRNAs were absent in these individuals. Challenged TG-R plants accumulated a full set of 21- to 24-nt siRNAs that were primarily associated with the selected motif-rich regions, indicating that a trans-acting siRNAs process prevented viral multiplication. BLAST analysis identified 13 common siRNA clusters targeting the CP gene. 21-nt siRNA sequences were associated with the 22-nt siRNAs and the scarce 23- and 24-nt molecules in TG-S plants and with most of the observed 22-, 23-, and 24-nt siRNAs in TG-R individuals. These results validate the use of a multi-hot spot silencing vector against PPV and elucidate the molecules by which hairpin-inducing vectors initiate RNAi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montes
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina Research Station, Avenida Santa Rosa 11610, La Pintana, 8831314, Santiago, Chile
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The homoeologous genes encoding chalcone–flavanone isomerase in Triticum aestivum L.: Structural characterization and expression in different parts of wheat plant. Gene 2014; 538:334-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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