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Kuhnt N, Harder LK, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. Computed tomographic features of the prostatic gland in neutered and intact dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:156. [PMID: 32448265 PMCID: PMC7247128 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim was to investigate age-dependent changes in the prostate of castrated dogs in computed tomographic (CT) examination. Thirty-six canine prostates were evaluated in pre- and post-contrast CT scans. Dogs were divided in groups with homogenous prostatic tissue (25/36) and with tissue alterations (11/36). Prostatic attenuation in Hounsfield Units (HU) and prostatic size were measured and a ratio of the prostatic size to the sixth lumbar vertebra was calculated. Additionally, the CT images of the prostate were compared with ultrasound examination. RESULTS In pre-contrast CT scans no significant differences were found in prostatic size between homogenous and altered prostatic tissue groups whereas prostatic attenuation differed significantly in post-contrast CT between these groups. The homogenous tissue pattern of homogeneous prostates could be confirmed in CT images and in ultrasound examination. Concerning prostates with alterations, the results differed between ultrasound and CT examination in four cases of 11 dogs with tissue alterations. CONCLUSIONS CT is beneficial to examine the prostate of castrated dogs. The prostatic attenuation is characteristic for the prostatic morphology, which can vary due to ageing processes. Differences in attenuation and size can be found between prostates of castrated and intact dogs. Using contrast agent, CT can visualize prostatic alterations, which were not seen in ultrasound. The presented results should be considered preliminary until a study with larger sample size and histologic examination of the prostates is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kuhnt
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. K. Harder
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - I. Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Wang T, Xu Y, Liu W, Shao P, Lv Q, Yang G, Tang L. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Multiphasic Computed Tomography in Patients With Unilateral Renal Tumors: A Feasibility Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1209. [PMID: 31607949 PMCID: PMC6761270 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was to assess the feasibility of a modified multiphasic CT scan protocol combined with homemade software measurements of glomerular filtration rate (CT-GFR) and explore the effect of renal tumor volume on the calculation of CT-GFR. Materials and Methods Prospective observational study comparing three methods of GFR measurement from February 2017 to December 2017, 91 patients with unilateral renal tumor underwent both a modified multiphasic CT scans of kidney and serum creatinine (Scr) tests preoperatively, of which 15 cases underwent additional radionuclide examination. Total and split CT-GFR, with or without renal tumor, were quantified by the homemade software in early and late renal parenchymal phases, respectively. The volume of renal tumor was quantified by the homemade software. Correlation and difference between CT-GFR and traditional methods of GFR measurement, including estimated GFR (eGFR) from Scr concentration and split GFR using of radionuclide examination (R-GFR), were performed. Results There is a strong correlation between CT-GFR with renal tumor and eGFR (r = 0.90, p < 0.001) in early renal parenchymal phase. The relative CT-GFR in early renal parenchymal phase was highly correlated with the relative R-GFR (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Renal tumor volume significantly correlated with the value of CT-GFR that determined by subtracting the CT-GFR measurement without renal tumor from CT-GFR measurement with renal tumor (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusion A modified multiphasic CT scan protocol combined with homemade software might be an alternative technique for the evaluation of renal function for the patients with unilateral renal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Auhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangyan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Andersen IR, Olesen R, Boysen AK, Jensen LH, Mortensen FV, Nielsen DT, Rasmussen F. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a potential biomarker in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:836-845. [PMID: 30348001 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118806652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iben R Andersen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rene Olesen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders K Boysen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars H Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis T Nielsen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Renal Cell Carcinoma Perfusion before and after Radiofrequency Ablation Measured with Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8010003. [PMID: 29316711 PMCID: PMC5871986 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate if the early treatment effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be detected with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI and to correlate RCC perfusion with RFA treatment time. Materials and methods: 20 patients undergoing RFA of their 21 RCCs were evaluated with DCE-MRI before and at one month after RFA treatment. Perfusion was estimated using the maximum slope technique at two independent sittings. Total RCC blood flow was correlated with total RFA treatment time, tumour location, size and histology. Results: DCE-MRI examinations were successfully evaluated for 21 RCCs (size from 1.3 to 4 cm). Perfusion of the RCCs decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from a mean of 203 (±80) mL/min/100 mL before RFA to 8.1 (±3.1) mL/min/100 mL after RFA with low intra-observer variability (r ≥ 0.99, p < 0.0001). There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.95) between time to complete ablation and pre-treatment total RCC blood flow. Tumours with an exophytic location exhibit the lowest mean RFA treatment time. Conclusion: DCE-MRI can detect early treatment effects by measuring RCC perfusion before and after RFA. Perfusion significantly decreases in the zone of ablation, suggesting that it may be useful for the assessment of treatment efficacy. Pre-RFA RCC blood flow may be used to predict RFA treatment time.
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Mains JR, Donskov F, Pedersen EM, Madsen HHT, Thygesen J, Thorup K, Rasmussen F. Use of patient outcome endpoints to identify the best functional CT imaging parameters in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20160795. [PMID: 29144161 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the patient outcome endpoints overall survival and progression-free survival to evaluate functional parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. METHODS 69 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma had dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scans at baseline and after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment. Blood volume, blood flow and standardized perfusion values were calculated using deconvolution (BVdeconv, BFdeconv and SPVdeconv), blood flow and standardized perfusion values using maximum slope (BFmax and SPVmax) and blood volume and permeability surface area product using the Patlak model (BVpatlak and PS). Histogram data for each were extracted and associated to patient outcomes. Correlations and agreements were also assessed. RESULTS The strongest associations were observed between patient outcome and medians and modes for BVdeconv, BVpatlak and BFdeconv at baseline and during the early ontreatment period (p < 0.05 for all). For the relative changes in median and mode between baseline and weeks 5 and 10, PS seemed to have opposite associations dependent on treatment. Interobserver correlations were excellent (r ≥ 0.9, p < 0.001) with good agreement for BFdeconv, BFmax, SPVdeconv and SPVmax and moderate to good (0.5 < r < 0.7, p < 0.001) for BVdeconv and BVpatlak. Medians had a better reproducibility than modes. CONCLUSION Patient outcome was used to identify the best functional imaging parameters in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Taking patient outcome and reproducibility into account, BVdeconv, BVpatlak and BFdeconv provide the most clinically meaningful information, whereas PS seems to be treatment dependent. Standardization of acquisition protocols and post-processing software is necessary for future clinical utilization. Advances in knowledge: Taking patient outcome and reproducibility into account, BVdeconv, BVpatlak and BFdeconv provide the most clinically meaningful information. PS seems to be treatment dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Rachel Mains
- 1 Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Frede Donskov
- 2 Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | | | - Jesper Thygesen
- 3 Department of Clinical Engineering, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Kennet Thorup
- 1 Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- 1 Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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Mulé S, Pigneur F, Quelever R, Tenenhaus A, Baranes L, Richard P, Tacher V, Herin E, Pasquier H, Ronot M, Rahmouni A, Vilgrain V, Luciani A. Can dual-energy CT replace perfusion CT for the functional evaluation of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma? Eur Radiol 2017; 28:1977-1985. [PMID: 29168007 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the degree of relationship between iodine concentrations derived from dual-energy CT (DECT) and perfusion CT parameters in patients with advanced HCC under treatment. METHODS In this single-centre IRB approved study, 16 patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib or radioembolization who underwent concurrent dynamic perfusion CT and multiphase DECT using a single source, fast kV switching DECT scanner were included. Written informed consent was obtained for all patients. HCC late-arterial and portal iodine concentrations, blood flow (BF)-related and blood volume (BV)-related perfusion parameters maps were calculated. Mixed-effects models of the relationship between iodine concentrations and perfusion parameters were computed. An adjusted p value (Bonferroni method) < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Mean HCC late-arterial and portal iodine concentrations were 22.7±12.7 mg/mL and 18.7±8.3 mg/mL, respectively. Late-arterial iodine concentration was significantly related to BV (mixed-effects model F statistic (F)=28.52, p<0.0001), arterial BF (aBF, F=17.62, p<0.0001), hepatic perfusion index (F=28.24, p<0.0001), positive enhancement integral (PEI, F=66.75, p<0.0001) and mean slope of increase (F=32.96, p<0.0001), while portal-venous iodine concentration was mainly related to BV (F=29.68, p<0.0001) and PEI (F=66.75, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In advanced HCC lesions, DECT-derived late-arterial iodine concentration is strongly related to both aBF and BV, while portal iodine concentration mainly reflects BV, offering DECT the ability to evaluate both morphological and perfusion changes. KEY POINTS • Late-arterial iodine concentration is highly related to arterial BF and BV. • Portal iodine concentration mainly reflects tumour blood volume. • Dual-energy CT offers significantly decreased radiation dose compared with perfusion CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mulé
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Pigneur
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Quelever
- GE Healthcare, 283 rue de la Minière, 78530, Buc, France
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Biostatistics and bioinformatics core facility, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Baranes
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France
| | | | - Vania Tacher
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France.,, INSERM IMRB, U 955, Equipe 18, Creteil, France
| | - Edouard Herin
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France
| | - Hugo Pasquier
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Service de Radiologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, 100 boulevard General Leclerc, 92118, Clichy, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, centre de recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, Paris, France
| | - Alain Rahmouni
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Service de Radiologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, 100 boulevard General Leclerc, 92118, Clichy, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, centre de recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, Paris, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Creteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France.,, INSERM IMRB, U 955, Equipe 18, Creteil, France
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7
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Ferrari M, Huellner M, Pauli C, Seifert B, Danuser H, Veit-Haibach P, Mattei A. Assessment of prostate cancer with integrated CT-perfusion using a sector-wise approach. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:152-157. [PMID: 28717538 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.11455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in characterizing primary prostate cancer (PCa) is not definitely known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CTP parameters and histopathological features of PCa tissue, using a sector-wise approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with biopsy-proven PCa underwent prospectively a CTP scan prior to radical prostatectomy. Blood flow (BF), mean blood volume (BV) and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated, with the prostate being divided into eight sectors. Corresponding sector-wise histopathological analysis of whole-mount prostatectomy specimens was performed to determine tumoral area (mm2), mean microvessel density (MVD), Gleason patterns (primary, secondary) and total Gleason score. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between CTP and histopathological parameters. RESULTS BF correlated weakly with tumoral area [ρs coefficient (p-value): 0.25 (0.00)] and MVD [ρs coefficient (p-value): 0.23 (0.00)]. No valuable correlation was found between CTP parameters and primary and secondary Gleason patterns, whereas total Gleason score was weakly correlated with BV [ρs coefficient (p-value): 0.22 (0.00)] and MTT [ρs coefficient (p-value): 0.25 (0.00)]. CONCLUSION BF correlates weakly with size and vascularity of PCa. There is a need for further studies to elucidate the association between CTP parameters and other histopathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferrari
- Department of Urology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huellner
- Department of Medical Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- Department of Medical Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Mattei
- Department of Urology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to examine the role of different imaging biomarkers, focusing in particular on the use of updated CT and PET response criteria for the assessment of oncologic treatment effectiveness in patients with lymphoma but also discussing other potential functional imaging methods and their limitations. CONCLUSION Lymph nodes are commonly involved by metastatic solid tumors as well as by lymphoma. Evolving changes in cancer therapy for lymphoma and metastases have led to improved clinical outcomes. Imaging is a recognized surrogate endpoint that uses established criteria based on changes in tumor bulk to monitor the effects of treatment. With the introduction of targeted therapies and novel antiangiogenic drugs, the oncologic expectations from imaging assessment are changing to move beyond simple morphologic methods. Molecular and functional imaging methods (e.g., PET, perfusion, DWI, and dual-energy CT) are therefore being investigated as imaging biomarkers of response and prognosis. The role of these advanced imaging biomarkers extends beyond measuring tumor burden and therefore might offer insight into early predictors of therapeutic response. Despite the potential benefits of these exciting imaging biomarkers, several challenges currently exist.
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9
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Kim JI, Lee HJ, Goo JM, Kim MA, Chung DH. Correlation of volumetric perfusion CT parameters with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha expression in a rabbit VX2 tumor model. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:708-15. [PMID: 26339038 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115603243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in tumoral angiogenesis and HIF-1α overexpression is associated with an increased risk of patient mortality in many cancers. A number of studies have introduced perfusion computed tomography (CT) as a monitoring modality for antiangiogenic therapy. PURPOSE To investigate significance of volumetric perfusion CT parameters in relationship to HIF-1α expression in VX2 tumor rabbit models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty VX2 carcinoma tumors of bilateral back muscles of 10 rabbits were evaluated with serial volumetric perfusion CT in 7, 10, and 14 days after tumor implantation. CT perfusion data were analyzed to calculate blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and permeability surface area product (PS) of whole tumor and non-necrotic peripheral area (periphery). Immunohistochemical analysis of HIF-1α expression and microvessel density (MVD) was performed. RESULTS HIF-1α was expressed in 12 tumors; two, three, and seven tumors classified as scores 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Mean MVD was 24.85 ± 13.7. PS of both the whole tumor and periphery showed positive correlations with HIF-1α score (r = 0.41, P = 0.046; r = 0.43, P = 0.002, respectively). BV of periphery showed a negative correlation with HIF-1α (r = -0.48, P = 0.040). There was strong positive correlation between HIF-1α expression and MVD (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In VX2 tumors, volumetric perfusion CT parameters were of limited value for the prediction of HIF-1α activity although HIF-1α expression was found to be weakly positively correlated with PS and negatively correlated with BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Assessment of Prostate Cancer With Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Using an En Bloc Approach. Invest Radiol 2014; 49:571-8. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Beresford M, Padhani AR, Goh V, Makris A. Imaging breast cancer response during neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:893-905. [PMID: 16221058 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.5.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is used to enable breast-conserving surgery in patients with large primary operable breast cancers. It is important to be able to accurately assess response to systemic therapy, both to assist the surgeon and for prognostic purposes. Moreover, a proportion of women will fail to respond to treatment and would potentially benefit from either a change in therapy or earlier surgery rather than continuing completion of the planned course of treatment. Conventional techniques of assessing response (clinical examination, x-ray mammography and breast ultrasound) rely on changes in tumor size, which are often delayed and do not always correlate with pathologic response. This review examines the evidence for functional imaging techniques including scintimammography, functional computed tomography, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. These techniques measure changes in tumor vasculature, metabolism or proliferation and may prove to be earlier and more sensitive measures of response to systemic therapy, thus enabling tailoring of an individual's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Beresford
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN, UK.
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12
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Abramovich F, Pensky M, Rozenholc Y. Laplace deconvolution with noisy observations. Electron J Stat 2013. [DOI: 10.1214/13-ejs796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Comparison of free breathing versus breath-hold in perfusion imaging using dynamic volume CT. Insights Imaging 2012; 3:323-8. [PMID: 22695948 PMCID: PMC3481081 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-012-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare two scanning protocols (free breathing versus breath-hold) for perfusion imaging using dynamic volume computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate their effects on image registration. Material and methods Forty patients underwent dynamic volume CT for pancreatic perfusion analysis and were randomly assigned to either a shallow-breathing (I) or breath-hold (II) group. Both dynamic CT protocols consisted of 17 low-dose volumetric scans. Rigid image registration was performed by using the volume with highest aortic attenuation as reference. All other volumes were visually matched with the pancreatic lesion serving as the volumetric region of interest. The overall demand for post-processing per patient was calculated as the median of three-dimensional vector lengths of all volumes in relation to the relative patient origin. The number of volumes not requiring registration was recorded per group. Results Registration mismatch for groups I and II was 2.61 mm (SD, 1.57) and 4.95 mm (SD, 2.71), respectively (P < 0.005). Twenty-eight volumes in group I (8.2%) and 47 volumes in group II (14.1%) did not require manual registration (P = 0.014). Conclusion Shallow breathing during dynamic volume CT scanning reduces the overall demand for motion correction and thus may be beneficial in perfusion imaging of the pancreas Main Messages • Shallow breathing during perfusion CT scanning reduces the overall demand for motion correction. • Shallow breathing may be beneficial in perfusion imaging of the pancreas. • Image registration is crucial for CT perfusion imaging.
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14
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Spira D, Gerlach JD, Spira SM, Schulze M, Sauter A, Horger M. Effect of scan time on perfusion and flow extraction product (K-trans) measurements in lung cancer using low-dose volume perfusion CT (VPCT). Acad Radiol 2012; 19:78-83. [PMID: 22054806 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of measurement time on blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and k-trans-values (flow extraction product) in patients undergoing volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT) for lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was approved by our local Research Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained in all patients. Between December 2009 and December 2010, 75 VPCT scans were obtained in 54 consecutive patients (15 women, 39 men) with histologically confirmed lung cancer. A 64-second VPCT of the tumor (80 kV, 60 mAs) using 128 × 0.6-mm collimation, 6.9-cm z-axis coverage and a total of 26 volume measurements, was performed. BF, BV, and K(trans) were determined. Data evaluation was performed for different measurement times (64 seconds, 45 seconds, 39 seconds, and 36 seconds) by removing the last two, four, and five scans and repeating the analysis. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for effects of measurement time on BF, BV, and k-trans and unpaired/paired Student t-tests were applied for comparisons within/between groups, respectively. RESULTS No effect of measurement time on BF values was noted (P > .05), whereas a significant decrease of BV values (at 39 seconds: 71% ± 2% of 64-second values) and a significant increase of k-trans-values (at 39 seconds: 146% ± 8% of 64-second values) were observed with progressively shortened measurement time (P < .05, respectively). Additionally, with reduced measurement time, the increase in k-trans-values was significantly more pronounced in those patient groups with higher BV (at 39 seconds: 171% ± 15% versus 120% ± 3% of 64-second measurements), and those with lower k-trans (at 39 seconds: 167% ± 16% versus 126% ± 4% of 64-second measurements) (P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION Whereas estimation of BF in lung cancer was independent from VPCT measurement time within the chosen ranges, approximation of both BV and k-trans was affected by measurement duration. A fixed measurement time of 40 seconds is recommended.
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Cuenod CA, Favetto B, Genon-Catalot V, Rozenholc Y, Samson A. Parameter estimation and change-point detection from Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI data using stochastic differential equations. Math Biosci 2011; 233:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patel GS, Kiuchi T, Lawler K, Ofo E, Fruhwirth GO, Kelleher M, Shamil E, Zhang R, Selvin PR, Santis G, Spicer J, Woodman N, Gillett CE, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Kéri G, Schaeffter T, Goh V, O'Doherty MJ, Ellis PA, Ng T. The challenges of integrating molecular imaging into the optimization of cancer therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:603-31. [PMID: 21541433 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We review novel, in vivo and tissue-based imaging technologies that monitor and optimize cancer therapeutics. Recent advances in cancer treatment centre around the development of targeted therapies and personalisation of treatment regimes to individual tumour characteristics. However, clinical outcomes have not improved as expected. Further development of the use of molecular imaging to predict or assess treatment response must address spatial heterogeneity of cancer within the body. A combination of different imaging modalities should be used to relate the effect of the drug to dosing regimen or effective drug concentration at the local site of action. Molecular imaging provides a functional and dynamic read-out of cancer therapeutics, from nanometre to whole body scale. At the whole body scale, an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging probe is required to localise (micro)metastatic foci and/or residual disease that are currently below the limit of detection. The use of image-guided endoscopic biopsy can produce tumour cells or tissues for nanoscopic analysis in a relatively patient-compliant manner, thereby linking clinical imaging to a more precise assessment of molecular mechanisms. This multimodality imaging approach (in combination with genetics/genomic information) could be used to bridge the gap between our knowledge of mechanisms underlying the processes of metastasis, tumour dormancy and routine clinical practice. Treatment regimes could therefore be individually tailored both at diagnosis and throughout treatment, through monitoring of drug pharmacodynamics providing an early read-out of response or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Abstract
Cancer treatment strategies have changed considerably over the past two decades, with increasing emphasis on cancer-specific biological therapies. This situation has led to the incorporation of biomarkers, including those obtained by medical imaging, into trial designs to better understand mechanisms of action and, hopefully, to provide early evidence of treatment efficacy at a molecular or physiological level. Unlike blood tests and tissue samples, an imaging biomarker allows assessment of treatment in the whole tumor, in all tumors in the body, and at multiple time points. This situation has increased the complexity of clinical trials, as each imaging modality has issues related to cost, ease of use, patient compatibility, data analysis, and interpretation. This article reviews strengths and limitations of the current imaging methods available in clinical cancer trials, including MRI, CT, PET, and ultrasonography. The information gained by each test, and the difficulties in acquiring the data and interpreting it are also discussed in order to help researchers plan imaging in clinical trials and interpret data from such studies.
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CT color mapping of the arterial enhancement fraction of VX2 carcinoma implanted in rabbit liver: comparison with perfusion CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196:102-8. [PMID: 21178053 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.09.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) calculated at multiphasic liver CT with the hepatic perfusion index (HPI) measured with cine mode perfusion CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cine mode perfusion CT was performed after VX2 tumor implantation in the livers of 10 rabbits. HPI and its color map were obtained with a computer application. With raw data from cine mode perfusion CT, images were extracted in the unenhanced, arterial, and portal venous phases to simulate multiphasic liver CT. On the basis of simulated multiphasic CT images, the AEF color map was obtained with prototype software. HPI and AEF were compared for the same regions of interest in the liver parenchyma, whole liver tumor, and viable tumor portion. RESULTS In the liver parenchyma, the mean HPI was 23.3% ± 2.6% (SD) and the AEF 24.4% ± 2.8%; in whole liver tumor, 73.4% ± 9.5% and 78.4% ± 10.5%; and in the viable tumor portion, 78.0% ± 7.7% and 78.3% ± 7.5%. The differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05, Wilcoxon's signed rank test). Measurement agreement between the two parameters was moderate (Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, -14.9% and 19.2%), but there was a strong positive correlation between AEF and HPI (within-subject r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Functional maps of HPI and AEF correlated with the histologic findings. CONCLUSION AEF calculated from simulated multiphasic liver CT images correlates strongly with HPI obtained at cine mode perfusion CT. Further study of the AEF is warranted to explore its value in providing hepatic perfusion information without additional radiation exposure.
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18F-FDG PET and biomarkers for tumour angiogenesis in early breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 38:46-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang C, Stadler WM, Karczmar GS, Milosevic M, Yeung I, Haider MA. Comparison of quantitative parameters in cervix cancer measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and CT. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:1601-9. [PMID: 20512864 PMCID: PMC3089960 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical tumors of 38 cervix cancer patients were scanned by T(1)-weighted dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI and then by DCE-CT on the same day. Gadodiamide and iohexol were respectively used as the low-molecular-weight contrast agent in DCE-MRI and DCE-CT. Under an extended Tofts model, DCE-MRI data were analyzed using either individual arterial input functions estimated by a multiple reference tissue method or a population arterial input function by Parker et al., whereas DCE-CT data were analyzed using the arterial input function directly measured from the external iliac arteries. The derived quantitative parameters of cervical tumors were compared between DCE-MRI and DCE-CT. When using the individual multiple reference tissue method arterial input functions to analyze the DCE-MRI data, the correlation coefficients between DCE-MRI- and DCE-CT-derived parameters were, respectively, back-flux rate constant (r = 0.80), extravascular extracellular fractional volume (r = 0.73), contrast agent transfer rate (r = 0.62), and blood plasma volume (r = 0.32); when using the Parker population arterial input function, the correlation coefficients were back-flux rate constant (r = 0.79), extravascular extracellular fractional volume (r = 0.77), contrast agent transfer rate (r = 0.63), and blood plasma volume (r = 0.58). Tumor parametric maps derived by DCE-MRI and DCE-CT had very similar morphologies. However, the means of most derived quantitative parameters were significantly different between the two imaging methods. Close correlation of quantitative parameters derived from two independent imaging modalities suggests both are measuring similar tumor physiologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Walter M. Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michael Milosevic
- Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network, and Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivan Yeung
- Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network, and Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoom A. Haider
- Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wu GY, Ghimire P. Perfusion computed tomography in colorectal cancer: Protocols, clinical applications and emerging trends. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3228-31. [PMID: 19598297 PMCID: PMC2710777 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfusion computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a novel functional imaging technique with gradually increasing importance in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). By providing the functional tumor microvasculature, it also helps the assessment of therapeutic response of anti-angiogenic drugs as it may reflect tumor angiogenesis. Perfusion CT has been applied in clinical practice to delineate inflammatory or neoplastic lymph nodes irrespective of their size, identify micro-metastases and to predict metastases in advance of their development. It is of increasing significance for preoperative adjuvant therapies and avoidance of unnecessary interventions. Despite controversies regarding the techniques employed, its validity and reproducibility, it can be advantageous in the management of CRCs in which the prognosis is dependent on preoperative staging. With recent advances in the perfusion CT techniques, and incorporation to other modalities like positron emission tomography, perfusion CT will be a novel tool in the overall management of CRCs. This article aims at reviewing the existing clinical applications and recent advances of perfusion CT with a reference to future development in the management of CRCs.
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Kambadakone AR, Sahani DV. Body perfusion CT: technique, clinical applications, and advances. Radiol Clin North Am 2009; 47:161-78. [PMID: 19195541 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion CT has made tremendous progress since its inception and is gradually broadening its applications from the research realm into routine clinical care. This has been particularly noteworthy in the oncological setting, where perfusion CT is emerging as a valuable tool in tissue characterization, risk stratification and monitoring treatment effects especially assessing early response to novel targeted therapies. Recent technological advancements in CT have paved ways to overcome the initial limitations of restricted tissue coverage and radiation dose concerns. In this article, the authors review the basic principles and technique of perfusion CT and discuss its various oncologic and non-oncological clinical applications in body imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R Kambadakone
- Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Park MS, Klotz E, Kim MJ, Song SY, Park SW, Cha SW, Lim JS, Seong J, Chung JB, Kim KW. Perfusion CT: noninvasive surrogate marker for stratification of pancreatic cancer response to concurrent chemo- and radiation therapy. Radiology 2008; 250:110-7. [PMID: 18984781 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2493080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively determine whether perfusion computed tomography (CT) parameters, such as volume transfer constant (K(trans)) between blood plasma and extracellular extravascular space (EES) and blood volume calculated from dynamic CT data, can be used to predict response of pancreatic cancer to concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CCRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was institutional review board approved, and written informed consent was obtained. Thirty patients with pancreatic cancer underwent perfusion CT with 64-detector row CT before gemcitabine-based CCRT. Two perfusion parameters (K(trans) and blood volume) measured before treatment were compared between patients who responded to treatment and those who did not, as determined with World Health Organization criteria from first and second posttherapeutic follow-up CT examinations, which were performed at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with the two-sample t test. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cutoff value of perfusion parameters for differentiation of responders from nonresponders. RESULTS Twenty of 30 patients examined at 3-month follow-up responded to therapy. Their pretreatment K(trans) value was significantly higher than that of nonresponders (50.8 mL/100 mL/min +/- 30.5 [standard deviation] vs 19.0 mL/100 mL/min +/- 10.8, P = .001). The best cutoff value for differentiating between responders and nonresponders was 31.8 mL/100 mL/min, which yielded 75.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. Ten of 18 patients examined at 6-month follow-up responded to therapy. Their pretreatment K(trans) value was significantly higher than that of nonresponders (58.6 mL/100 mL/min +/- 43.2 vs 19.8 mL/100 mL/min +/- 10.9, P = .002). Responders also had higher blood volume values, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION Tumors with a high pretreatment K(trans) value tended to respond better to CCRT than did tumors with a low pretreatment K(trans) value. Perfusion CT may be used to predict tumor response to CCRT in patients with pancreatic cancer. This might aid in development of a tailored approach to therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Suk Park
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-ku, Shinchon-dong 134, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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Functional computed tomographic quantification of angiogenesis in rabbit VX2 soft-tissue tumor before and after interventional therapy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2008; 32:697-705. [PMID: 18830097 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e31815b7dcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate the applicative value of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging on quantitative assessment of tumor angiogenesis before and after transcatheter arterial embolization and monitoring the early interventional therapeutic effect in malignant solid tumors. METHODS Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits successfully implanted VX2 tumor in the unilateral proximal thigh were divided into 2 groups (8 per group) at random and performed conventional CT plain scan and perfusion scan 14 days after implantation and 3 days after interventional therapy, respectively. The values of blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface area product (PS) in VX2 tumors and normal muscles were computed after intravenous bolus administration of iodinated contrast medium, and the differences among them were analyzed. Meanwhile, correlative analysis between perfusion parameters and microvessel density (MVD) counts and average optical density (AOD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was done. RESULTS Before interventional therapy, the values of BF, BV, MTT, and PS of the VX2 tumors in interventional group were 303.28 +/- 69.91 mL 100 g min, 7.02 +/- 3.10 mL 100 g, 1.99 +/- 0.28 seconds, and 65.88 +/- 9.38 mL 100 g min, respectively. Compared with the parametric values of normal muscular tissues, there were significant differences among them (F values were 4285.82, 1867.46, 413.04, and 698.42, respectively; P < 0.01). There were no significant differences of the above parametric values between the interventional group and the control group. Three days after interventional therapy, the values of BF, BV, MTT, and PS of the VX2 tumors in the interventional group were 7.53 +/- 2.37 mL 100 g min, 1.20 +/- 0.23 mL 100 g, 3.29 +/- 0.57 seconds, 4.01 +/- 1.51 mL 100 g min, respectively. Compared with the parametric values of preinterventional therapy and the control group, there were significant differences among them (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a good positive correlation between BF, BV, PS, and MVD, and AOD of VEGF (r > 0.7, P < 0.05) in VX2 tumors; however, there was no significant correlation between MTT and MVD (P > 0.05), and there was significant negative correlation between MTT and AOD of VEGF (r = -0.78, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Multislice spiral CT perfusion imaging is a functional imaging technique that provides useful, quantitative assessment to tumor angiogenesis, blood perfusion, and vascular permeability, which can evaluate the early interventional therapeutic effect in malignant solid tumors invasively and accurately.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION An expanding understanding of the importance of angiogenesis in oncology and the development of numerous angiogenesis inhibitors are driving the search for biomarkers of angiogenesis. We review currently available candidate biomarkers and surrogate markers of anti-angiogenic agent effect. DISCUSSION A number of invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive tools are described with their potential benefits and limitations. Diverse markers can evaluate tumor tissue or biological fluids, or specialized imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of these markers into clinical trials may provide insight into appropriate dosing for desired biological effects, appropriate timing of additional therapy, prediction of individual response to an agent, insight into the interaction of chemotherapy and radiation following exposure to these agents, and perhaps most importantly, a better understanding of the complex nature of angiogenesis in human tumors. While many markers have potential for clinical use, it is not yet clear which marker or combination of markers will prove most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Building 10/3B42, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Qi YY, Zou LG, Liang P, Zhang D. Establishing models of portal vein occlusion and evaluating value of multi-slice CT in hepatic VX2 tumor in rabbits. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3333-41. [PMID: 17659672 PMCID: PMC4172713 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i24.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish models of portal vein occlusion of hepatic VX2 tumor in rabbits and to evaluate the value of multi-slice CT.
METHODS: Forty New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to digital table: Immediate group (group A; transplantation of tumor immediately after the portal vein occlusion), 3-wk group (group B; transplantation of tumor at 3 wk after the portal vein occlusion), negative control group (group C) and positive control group (group D), 10 rabbits in each group. Hepatic VX2 tumor was transplanted with abdominal-embedding innoculation immediately after the portal vein occlusion and at 3 wk after the portal vein occlusion. Meanwhile, they were divided into negative control group (Left external branch of portal vein was occluded by sham-operation, and left exite was embedded and inoculated pseudoly) and positive control group (Transplanted tumor did not suffer from the portal vein occlusion). All rabbits were scanned with multi-slice CT.
RESULTS: All 40 animals were employed in the final analysis without death. Tumor did not grow in both immediate group and 3-wk group. In 3-wk group, left endite was atrophied and growth of tumor was inhibited. The maximal diameter of tumor was significantly smaller than that in positive control group (2.55 ± 0.46 vs 3.59 ± 0.37 cm, t = 5.57, P < 0.001). Incidences of metastasis in the liver and lung were lower in 3-wk group than those in positive control group (10% vs 40%, and 90% vs 100%, respectively). The expression intensities of the vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in groups A, B, C and D were 0.10 ± 0.06, 0.66 ± 0.21, 0.28 ± 0.09 and 1.48 ± 0.32, respectively. VEGF expression level in the test group A was significantly lower than that in the negative control group C (t = 5.07; P < 0.001). In addition, VEGF expression in the test group B was significantly lower than that in the positive control group D (t = 6.38; P < 0.001). Scanning with multi-slice CT showed that displaying rate of hepatic artery branches was obviously lower in grade III (40%) than that in gradeI(70%) and II (100%) (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference in displaying rate of the portal vein at various grades. Values of blood flow (BF) of the liver, blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability of vascular surface (PS) were lower in the immediate group and 3-wk group than those in control groups, but values of hepatic arterial fraction (HAF) were increased. Significant positive correlations were existed between BF and BV (r = 0.905, P < 0.01), and between BF and PS (r = 0.967, P < 0.01), between BV and PS (r = 0.889, P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation existed between PV and HAF (r = -0.768, P < 0.01), between PS and HAF (r = -0.557, P < 0.01). The values of BF, BV and PS had a positive correlation with VEGF (rBF = 0.842, rBV = 0.579, rPS = 0.811, P < 0.01) . However, there was no significant correlation between the values of MTT and HAF and the VEGF expression (rMTT = 0.066, rHAF = -0.027).
CONCLUSION: Ligating the left external branch of portal vein is an ideal way to establish models of portal vein occlusion in rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumor. Multi-slice CT plays a key role in evaluating effect of portal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Aliberti C, Benea G, Kopf B, De Giorgi U. Hepatic metastases of hemangiopericytoma: contrast-enhanced MRI, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and angiography findings. Cancer Imaging 2006; 6:56-9. [PMID: 16766270 PMCID: PMC1693778 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2006.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiopericytoma is a rare and characteristically hypervascular tumour. We report a case of hepatic metastases of hemangiopericytoma for which there was correlative imaging by ultrasonography, ultrasonography with second-generation contrast agent (BR1), computed tomography, gadolinium-enhanced, Gd-BOPTA-enhanced and ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance, and angiography. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which all these modalities were used in the diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Aliberti
- Department of Imaging, Delta Hospital, Lagosanto, Ferrara, Italy.
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Sung YM, Lee KS, Kim BT, Han J, Lee EJ. Lobar mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung showing negative FDG uptake on integrated PET/CT. Eur Radiol 2005; 15:2075-8. [PMID: 15717197 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-004-2604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma manifesting as air-space consolidation with negative FDG uptake on integrated PET/CT in a 42-year-old woman. To know this pattern of uptake especially in the case of mucin-predominant lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma may help avoid misdiagnosis of this particular tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Mi Sung
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea
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