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Son Y, Li P, Ortega D, Qiu H, Prachyl H, Yang M, Zhu W. Generation of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line Expressing a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reporter Gene. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301764. [PMID: 38708688 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to develop a new method for tracking transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CRISPR/dCas9 activation system is employed to overexpress ferritin heavy chain (FHC) in hiPSC-CMs. The mRNA and protein expression of FHC in hiPSC and hiPSC-CMs significantly increased after transfection. Iron chloride does not affect the cell viability in a concentration range from 0 to 2000 µm. hiPSCs overexpressing FHC (hiPSC- FHCOE) and hiPSC-CMs overexpressing FHC (hiPSC-CM-FHCOE) significantly enhanced cellular uptake of iron chloride but with no changes in electrophysiological properties compared to hiPSC-CM-Control. Furthermore, hiPSC-CM-FHCOE presented robust contrast and lower T2* values, signifying their potential as highly effective candidates for cardiac MRI. Next, hiPSC-CM-FHCOE is injected into mouse hearts and after 3 days of transplantation, MR images are obtained. hiPSC-CM-FHCOE cells exhibited clear signals in the hearts with lower T2* and rapid signal decay. Collectively, data from this proof-of-concept study demonstrated that endogenous labeling with FHC in hiPSC-CMs can be a potent strategy for enhancing the accuracy of cardiac MRI. This technology represents a significant step forward in tracking the transplanted hiPSC-CMs in the hearts of live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Son
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Dakota Ortega
- KE Biosciences Preclinical Imaging Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Hannah Prachyl
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
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Qiu J, Liu XJ, You BA, Ren N, Liu H. Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206487. [PMID: 36642861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Although the survival rate of patients with heart diseases can be improved with contemporary pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures, none of these therapies provide a significant improvement in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem cell-based therapies are a promising approach for functional recovery of damaged myocardium. However, the available stem cells are difficult to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which result in the extremely low transplantation efficiency. Nanomaterials are widely used to regulate the myocardial differentiation of stem cells, and play a very important role in cardiac tissue engineering. This study discusses the current status and limitations of stem cells and cell-derived exosomes/micro RNAs based cardiac therapy, describes the cardiac repair mechanism of nanomaterials, summarizes the recent advances in nanomaterials used in cardiac repair and regeneration, and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant nanomaterials. Besides discussing the potential clinical applications of nanomaterials in cardiac therapy, the perspectives and challenges of nanomaterials used in stem cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration are also considered. Finally, new research directions in this field are proposed, and future research trends are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Medical Research Institute, Jinan Nanjiao Hospital, Jinan, 250002, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ju Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bei-An You
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 266035, P. R. China
| | - Na Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Zhang B, Mo X, Yu F, Ma Y, Yan F. Ultrasound monitoring of magnet-guided delivery of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with magnetic lipid–polymer hybrid nanobubbles. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3628-3639. [PMID: 32529995 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells labeled with positively charged magnetic lipid–polymer hybrid nanobubbles could be tracked for magnet-guided delivery onto the site of an injured artery using ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xinhai Mo
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuqin Ma
- Department of Ultrasound
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen
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Shelat R, Bhatt LK, Khanna A, Chandra S. A comprehensive toxicity evaluation of novel amino acid-modified magnetic ferrofluids for magnetic resonance imaging. Amino Acids 2019; 51:929-943. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Blondiaux E, Pidial L, Autret G, Rahmi G, Balvay D, Audureau E, Wilhelm C, Guerin CL, Bruneval P, Silvestre JS, Menasché P, Clément O. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-loaded fibrin patches act as a reservoir of paracrine factors in chronic myocardial infarction. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3417-3427. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Blondiaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
- Radiology Department; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris
| | - Laetitia Pidial
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
- Plateforme d'imagerie du petit animal, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Gabriel Rahmi
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Daniel Balvay
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
- Plateforme d'imagerie du petit animal, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Etienne Audureau
- Public Health Department; Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, LIC EA4393, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Est; Créteil
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire matières et systèmes complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot; Paris
| | - Coralie L. Guerin
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Paris
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Paris
| | - Olivier Clément
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris
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Yuan H, Gomez JA, Chien JS, Zhang L, Wilson CM, Li S, Fales AM, Liu Y, Grant GA, Mirotsou M, Dzau VJ, Vo-Dinh T. Tracking mesenchymal stromal cells using an ultra-bright TAT-functionalized plasmonic-active nanoplatform. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:406-413. [PMID: 27095616 PMCID: PMC5645019 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution tracking of stem cells remains a challenging task. An ultra-bright contrast agent with extended intracellular retention is suitable for in vivo high-resolution tracking of stem cells following the implantation. Here, a plasmonic-active nanoplatform was developed for tracking mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mice. The nanoplatform consisted of TAT peptide-functionalized gold nanostars (TAT-GNS) that emit ultra-bright two-photon photoluminescence capable of tracking MSCs under high-resolution optical imaging. In vitro experiment showed TAT-GNS-labeled MSCs retained a similar differentiability to that of non-labeled MSCs controls. Due to their star shape, TAT-GNS exhibited greater intracellular retention than that of commercial Q-Tracker. In vivo imaging of TAT-GNS-labeled MSCs five days following intra-arterial injections in mice kidneys showed possible MSCs implantation in juxta-glomerular (JG) regions, but non-specifically in glomeruli and afferent arterioles as well. With future design to optimize GNS labeling specificity and clearance, plasmonic-active nanoplatforms may be a useful intracellular tracking tool for stem cell research. An ultra-bright intracellular contrast agent is developed using TAT peptide-functionalized gold nanostars (TAT-GNS). It poses minimal influence on the stem cell differentiability. It exhibits stronger two-photon photoluminescence and superior labeling efficiency than commercial Q-Tracker. Following renal implantation, some TAT-GNS-labeled MSCs permeate blood vessels and migrate to the juxta-glomerular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer S Chien
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lunan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christy M Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shuqin Li
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew M Fales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, NC 27708, USA.
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In Vivo Tracking of Cell Therapies for Cardiac Diseases with Nuclear Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3140120. [PMID: 26880951 PMCID: PMC4737458 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though heart diseases are amongst the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, existing treatments are limited in restoring cardiac lesions. Cell transplantations, originally developed for the treatment of hematologic ailments, are presently being explored in preclinical and clinical trials for cardiac diseases. Nonetheless, little is known about the possible efficacy and mechanisms for these therapies and they are the center of continuous investigation. In this scenario, noninvasive imaging techniques lead to greater comprehension of cell therapies. Radiopharmaceutical cell labeling, firstly developed to track leukocytes, has been used successfully to evaluate the migration of cell therapies for myocardial diseases. A substantial rise in the amount of reports employing this methodology has taken place in the previous years. We will review the diverse radiopharmaceuticals, imaging modalities, and results of experimental and clinical studies published until now. Also, we report on current limitations and potential advances of radiopharmaceutical labeling for cell therapies in cardiac diseases.
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Bernsen MR, Guenoun J, van Tiel ST, Krestin GP. Nanoparticles and clinically applicable cell tracking. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150375. [PMID: 26248872 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo cell tracking has emerged as a much sought after tool for design and monitoring of cell-based treatment strategies. Various techniques are available for pre-clinical animal studies, from which much has been learned and still can be learned. However, there is also a need for clinically translatable techniques. Central to in vivo cell imaging is labelling of cells with agents that can give rise to signals in vivo, that can be detected and measured non-invasively. The current imaging technology of choice for clinical translation is MRI in combination with labelling of cells with magnetic agents. The main challenge encountered during the cell labelling procedure is to efficiently incorporate the label into the cell, such that the labelled cells can be imaged at high sensitivity for prolonged periods of time, without the labelling process affecting the functionality of the cells. In this respect, nanoparticles offer attractive features since their structure and chemical properties can be modified to facilitate cellular incorporation and because they can carry a high payload of the relevant label into cells. While these technologies have already been applied in clinical trials and have increased the understanding of cell-based therapy mechanism, many challenges are still faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Bernsen
- 1 Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jamal Guenoun
- 1 Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Gil S, Correia CR, Mano JF. Magnetically labeled cells with surface-modified fe3 o4 spherical and rod-shaped magnetic nanoparticles for tissue engineering applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:883-91. [PMID: 25641785 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically targeted cells with internalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could allow the success of cell transplantation and cell-based therapies, overcoming low cell retention that occurs when delivering cells by intravenous or local injection. Upon magnetization, these cells could then accumulate and stimulate the regeneration of the tissue in situ. Magnetic targeting of cells requires a detailed knowledge between interactions of engineered nanomaterials and cells, in particular the influence of shape and surface functionalization of MNPs. For the first time, cellular internalization of amino surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles of two different shapes (nanospheres or nanorods) is studied. MNPs show high cellular uptake and labeled cells could exhibit a strong reaction with external magnetic fields. Compared to nanorods, nanospheres show better internalization efficiency, and labeled cells exhibit strong transportation reaction with external magnetic fields. Contiguous viable cell-sheets are developed by magnetic-force-based tissue engineering. The results confirm that the developed magnetic-responsive nano-biomaterials have potential applicability in tissue engineering or cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gil
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das, Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Clara R. Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das, Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra; S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das, Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Lee KS, Kim TJ, Pratx G. Single-cell tracking with PET using a novel trajectory reconstruction algorithm. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:994-1003. [PMID: 25423651 PMCID: PMC4392854 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2373351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all biomedical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) use images to represent the distribution of a radiotracer. However, PET is increasingly used in cell tracking applications, for which the "imaging" paradigm may not be optimal. Here, we investigate an alternative approach, which consists in reconstructing the time-varying position of individual radiolabeled cells directly from PET measurements. As a proof of concept, we formulate a new algorithm for reconstructing the trajectory of one single moving cell directly from list-mode PET data. We model the trajectory as a 3-D B-spline function of the temporal variable and use nonlinear optimization to minimize the mean-square distance between the trajectory and the recorded list-mode coincidence events. Using Monte Carlo simulations (GATE), we show that this new algorithm can track a single source moving within a small-animal PET system with 3 mm accuracy provided that the activity of the cell [Bq] is greater than four times its velocity [mm/s]. The algorithm outperforms conventional ML-EM as well as the "minimum distance" method used for positron emission particle tracking (PEPT). The new method was also successfully validated using experimentally acquired PET data. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of a new method for tracking a single moving cell directly from PET list-mode data, at the whole-body level, for physiologically relevant activities and velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Sil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA 94305 USA
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA 94305 USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA 94305 USA
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Reis LA, Chiu LLY, Wu J, Feric N, Laschinger C, Momen A, Li RK, Radisic M. Hydrogels with integrin-binding angiopoietin-1-derived peptide, QHREDGS, for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:333-41. [PMID: 25632037 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogels are being actively investigated for direct delivery of cells or bioactive molecules to the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) to prevent cardiac functional loss. We postulate that immobilization of the prosurvival angiopoietin-1-derived peptide, QHREDGS, to a chitosan-collagen hydrogel could produce a clinically translatable thermoresponsive hydrogel to attenuate post-MI cardiac remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS In a rat MI model, QHREDGS-conjugated hydrogel (QHG213H), control gel, or PBS was injected into the peri-infarct/MI zone. By in vivo tracking and chitosan staining, the hydrogel was demonstrated to remain in situ for 2 weeks and was cleared in ≈3 weeks. By echocardiography and pressure-volume analysis, the QHG213H hydrogel significantly improved cardiac function compared with the controls. Scar thickness and scar area fraction were also significantly improved with QHG213H gel injection compared with the controls. There were significantly more cardiomyocytes, determined by cardiac troponin-T staining, in the MI zone of the QHG213H hydrogel group; and hydrogel injection did not induce a significant inflammatory response as assessed by polymerase chain reaction and an inflammatory cytokine assay. The interaction of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts with QHREDGS was found to be mediated by β1-integrins. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that the QHG213H peptide-modified hydrogel can be injected in the beating heart where it remains localized for a clinically effective period. Moreover, the QHG213H hydrogel induced significant cardiac functional and morphological improvements after MI relative to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Reis
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Loraine L Y Chiu
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Jun Wu
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Nicole Feric
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Carol Laschinger
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Abdul Momen
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.)
| | - Milica Radisic
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (L.A.R., N.F., C.L., M.R.) and Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (L.L.Y.C., M.R.), University of Toronto, Canada; and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.W., A.M., R.-K.L.).
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Danhier P, De Preter G, Magat J, Godechal Q, Porporato PE, Jordan BF, Feron O, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Multimodal cell tracking of a spontaneous metastasis model: comparison between MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:143-53. [PMID: 24523059 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MRI cell tracking is a promising technique for tracking various cell types in living animals. Usually, cells are incubated with iron oxides so that the particles are taken up before the cells are injected in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to monitor migration of luciferase-expressing mouse renal cancer cells (RENCA-luc) after intrarenal or intrasplenic injection. These cells were labelled using Molday Ion Rhodamine B (MIRB) fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Their fate after injection was first assessed using ex vivo X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This biodistribution study showed that RENCA-luc cells quickly colonized the lungs and the liver after intrarenal and intrasplenic injection, respectively. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) studies confirmed that this cell line preferentially metastasized to these organs. Early tracking of labelled RENCA-luc cells in the liver using high-field MRI (11.7 T) was not feasible because of a lack of sensitivity. MRI of MIRB-labelled RENCA-luc cells after injection in the left kidney was then performed. T2 - and T2 *-weighted images showed that the labelled cells induced hypointense signals at the injection site. Nevertheless, the hypointense regions tended to disappear after several days, mainly owing to dilution of the MIRB iron oxides with cell proliferation. In conclusion, EPR is well adapted to ex vivo analysis of tissues after cell tracking experiments and allows short-term monitoring of metastasizing cells. MRI is a suitable tool for checking labelled cells at their injection site, but dilution of the iron oxides owing to cell division remains a major limitation. BLI remains the most suitable technique for long-term monitoring of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Ruggiero A, Guenoun J, Smit H, Doeswijk GN, Klein S, Krestin GP, Kotek G, Bernsen MR. In vivo MRI mapping of iron oxide-labeled stem cells transplanted in the heart. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 8:487-94. [PMID: 24375904 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In various stem cell therapy approaches poor cell survival has been recognized as an important factor limiting therapeutic efficacy. Therefore noninvasive monitoring of cell fate is warranted for developing clinically effective stem cell therapy. In this study we investigated the use of voxel-based R₂ mapping as a tool to monitor the fate of iron oxide-labeled cells in the myocardium. Mesenchymal stem cells were transduced with the luciferase gene, labeled with ferumoxide particles and injected in the myocardium of healthy rats. Cell fate was monitored over a period of 8 weeks by bioluminescence and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Bioluminescence signal increased during the first week followed by a steep decrease to undetectable levels during the second week. MR imaging showed a sharp increase in R₂ values shortly after injection at the injection site, followed by a very gradual decrease of R₂ over a period of 8 weeks. No difference in the appearances on R₂-weighted images was observed between living and dead cells over the entire time period studied. No significant correlation between the bioluminescence optical data and R₂ values was observed and quantitative R₂ mapping appeared not suitable for the in vivo assessment of stem cell. These results do not follow previous in vitro reports where it was proposed that living cells may be distinguished from dead cells on the basis of the R₂ relaxivities (intracellular and extracellular iron oxides). Cell proliferation, cell migration, cell death, extracellular superparamagnetic iron oxide dispersion and aggregation exhibit different relaxivities. In vivo these processes happen simultaneously, making quantification very complex, if not impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruggiero
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Lu X, Xia R, Zhang B, Gao F. MRI tracking stem cells transplantation for coronary heart disease. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:899-903. [PMID: 25097541 PMCID: PMC4121722 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stem cell transplantation has become a new treatment option for cardiovascular disease because the stem cells are able to migrate to damaged cardiac tissue, repair the myocardial infarction area and ultimately reduce the role of the infarct-related mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new robust non-invasive imaging technique that can detect anatomical information and myocardial dysfunction, study the mechanism of stem cells therapy with superb spatial/temporal resolution, relatively safe contrast material and lack of radiation. This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of cardiac MRI applied in stem cells transplantation and discusses how to translate this technique into clinical therapy. Sources of Data/Study Selection: Data from cross-sectional and prospective studies published between the years 2001-2013 on the topic were included. Data searches included both human and animal studies. Data Extraction: The data was extracted from online resources of statistic reports, Pub med, THE MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Medical and Radiological journals. Conclusion: MRI is an appealing technique for cell trafficking depicting engraftment, differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Xi Lu, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Rui Xia, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Bing Zhang, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Fabao Gao, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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17
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Bernsen MR, Vaissier PEB, Van Holen R, Booij J, Beekman FJ, de Jong M. The role of preclinical SPECT in oncological and neurological research in combination with either CT or MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41 Suppl 1:S36-49. [PMID: 24895751 PMCID: PMC4003405 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical imaging with SPECT combined with CT or MRI is used more and more frequently and has proven to be very useful in translational research. In this article, an overview of current preclinical research applications and trends of SPECT combined with CT or MRI, mainly in tumour imaging and neuroscience imaging, is given and the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are described. Today SPECT and CT systems are often integrated into a single device (commonly called a SPECT/CT system), whereas at present combined SPECT and MRI is almost always carried out with separate systems and fiducial markers to combine the separately acquired images. While preclinical SPECT/CT is most widely applied in oncology research, SPECT combined with MRI (SPECT/MRI when integrated in one system) offers the potential for both neuroscience applications and oncological applications. Today CT and MRI are still mainly used to localize radiotracer binding and to improve SPECT quantification, although both CT and MRI have additional potential. Future technology developments may include fast sequential or simultaneous acquisition of (dynamic) multimodality data, spectroscopy, fMRI along with high-resolution anatomic MRI, advanced CT procedures, and combinations of more than two modalities such as combinations of SPECT, PET, MRI and CT all together. This will all strongly depend on new technologies. With further advances in biology and chemistry for imaging molecular targets and (patho)physiological processes in vivo, the introduction of new imaging procedures and promising new radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practice may be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R. Bernsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter E. B. Vaissier
- Section Radiation Detection and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Van Holen
- ELIS Department, MEDISIP, Ghent University, iMinds, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J. Beekman
- Section Radiation Detection and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- MILabs B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Katsikis A, Koutelou M. Cardiac Stem Cell Imaging by SPECT and PET. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-014-9265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Harding J, Mirochnitchenko O. Preclinical studies for induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4585-93. [PMID: 24362021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.463737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiated derivatives can potentially be applied to cell-based therapy for human diseases. The properties of iPSCs are being studied intensively both to understand the basic biology of pluripotency and cellular differentiation and to solve problems associated with therapeutic applications. Examples of specific preclinical applications summarized briefly in this minireview include the use of iPSCs to treat diseases of the liver, nervous system, eye, and heart and metabolic conditions such as diabetes. Early stage studies illustrate the potential of iPSC-derived cells and have identified several challenges that must be addressed before moving to clinical trials. These include rigorous quality control and efficient production of required cell populations, improvement of cell survival and engraftment, and development of technologies to monitor transplanted cell behavior for extended periods of time. Problems related to immune rejection, genetic instability, and tumorigenicity must be solved. Testing the efficacy of iPSC-based therapies requires further improvement of animal models precisely recapitulating human disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Harding
- From the Division of Comparative Medicine, Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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20
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Landázuri N, Tong S, Suo J, Joseph G, Weiss D, Sutcliffe DJ, Giddens DP, Bao G, Taylor WR. Magnetic targeting of human mesenchymal stem cells with internalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4017-4026. [PMID: 23766267 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies offer exciting new opportunities for effectively treating many human diseases. However, delivery of therapeutic cells by intravenous injection, while convenient, relies on the relatively inefficient process of homing of cells to sites of injury. To address this limitation, a novel strategy has been developed to load cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), and to attract them to specific sites within the body by applying an external magnetic field. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which may have a significant potential for regenerative cell therapies due to their ease of isolation from autologous tissues, and their ability to differentiate into various lineages and modulate their paracrine activity in response to the microenvironment. The efficient loading of hMSCs with polyethylene glycol-coated SPIOs is achieved, and it is found that SPIOs are localized primarily in secondary lysosomes of hMSCs and are not toxic to the cells. Further, the key stem cell characteristics, including the immunophenotype of hMSCs and their ability to differentiate, are not altered by SPIO loading. Through both experimentation and mathematical modeling, it is shown that, under applied magnetic field gradients, SPIO-containing cells can be localized both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that, by loading SPIOs into hMSCs and applying appropriate magnetic field gradients, it is possible to target hMSCs to particular vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Landázuri
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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21
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Qin J, Li K, Peng C, Li X, Lin J, Ye K, Yang X, Xie Q, Shen Z, Jin Y, Jiang M, Zhang G, Lu X. MRI of iron oxide nanoparticle-labeled ADSCs in a model of hindlimb ischemia. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4914-25. [PMID: 23535037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exhibit tremendous potential for repair of ischemic diseases. However, studies on the fate, migration, differentiation, and body distribution of the labeled ADSCs are rarely reported. In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were designed, synthesized, and coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to produce DMSA nanoparticles (DMSA-NPs). The properties, size distribution, and characterization of DMSA-NPs were evaluated. Green fluorescent protein expressing ADSCs (GFP-ADSCs) were obtained and labeled with DMSA-NPs. The viability, cytotoxicity and multi-differentiation capacity of labeled GFP-ADSCs were evaluated in vitro. Labeled and non-labeled GFP-ADSCs were injected into a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired. The synthesized DMSA-NPs efficiently labeled the GFP-ADSCs in vitro and in vivo without affecting cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and multi-differentiation capacity. The MRI showed hypointense spots in the labeled GFP-ADSCs that lasted up to 8 weeks. Prussian blue staining and immunofluorescence assay at 4 and 8 weeks indicated that the labeled GFP-ADSCs were in and around the ischemic sites and some differentiated into capillaries. This observation is identical to that seen for transplants of unlabeled cells. Labeled cells were also identified mainly in the liver and spleen, with significantly smaller amounts in the lungs, intestines, heart, and kidney. Developed DMSA-NPs were shown to exhibit a considerable potential for use as nanoprobes for MRI of stem cells, which will enhance our understanding of cell-based therapeutic strategies for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
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22
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Emmert MY, Weber B, Wolint P, Frauenfelder T, Zeisberger SM, Behr L, Sammut S, Scherman J, Brokopp CE, Schwartländer R, Vogel V, Vogt P, Grünenfelder J, Alkadhi H, Falk V, Boss A, Hoerstrup SP. Intramyocardial transplantation and tracking of human mesenchymal stem cells in a novel intra-uterine pre-immune fetal sheep myocardial infarction model: a proof of concept study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57759. [PMID: 23533575 PMCID: PMC3606388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem-cell therapies have been suggested for cardiac-regeneration after myocardial-infarction (MI), key-questions regarding the in-vivo cell-fate remain unknown. While most available animal-models require immunosuppressive-therapy when applying human cells, the fetal-sheep being pre-immune until day 75 of gestation has been proposed for the in-vivo tracking of human cells after intra-peritoneal transplantation. We introduce a novel intra-uterine myocardial-infarction model to track human mesenchymal stem cells after direct intra-myocardial transplantation into the pre-immune fetal-sheep. Thirteen fetal-sheep (gestation age: 70–75 days) were included. Ten animals either received an intra-uterine induction of MI only (n = 4) or MI+intra-myocardial injection (IMI;n = 6) using micron-sized, iron-oxide (MPIO) labeled human mesenchymal stem cells either derived from the adipose-tissue (ATMSCs;n = 3) or the bone-marrow (BMMSCs;n = 3). Three animals received an intra-peritoneal injection (IPI;n = 3; ATMSCs;n = 2/BMMSCs;n = 1). All procedures were performed successfully and follow-up was 7–9 days. To assess human cell-fate, multimodal cell-tracking was performed via MRI and/or Micro-CT, Flow-Cytometry, PCR and immunohistochemistry. After IMI, MRI displayed an estimated amount of 1×105–5×105 human cells within ventricular-wall corresponding to the injection-sites which was further confirmed on Micro-CT. PCR and IHC verified intra-myocardial presence via detection of human-specific β-2-microglobulin, MHC-1, ALU-Sequence and anti-FITC targeting the fluorochrome-labeled part of the MPIOs. The cells appeared viable, integrated and were found in clusters or in the interstitial-spaces. Flow-Cytometry confirmed intra-myocardial presence, and showed further distribution within the spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. Following IPI, MRI indicated the cells within the intra-peritoneal-cavity involving the liver and kidneys. Flow-Cytometry detected the cells within spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus, bone-marrow and intra-peritoneal lavage, but not within the heart. For the first time we demonstrate the feasibility of intra-uterine, intra-myocardial stem-cell transplantation into the pre-immune fetal-sheep after MI. Utilizing cell-tracking strategies comprising advanced imaging-technologies and in-vitro tracking-tools, this novel model may serve as a unique platform to assess human cell-fate after intra-myocardial transplantation without the necessity of immunosuppressive-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Luc Behr
- IMM RECHERCHE, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacques Scherman
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chad E. Brokopp
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Schwartländer
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vogt
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Grünenfelder
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Alkadhi
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Emmert MY, Wolint P, Winklhofer S, Stolzmann P, Cesarovic N, Fleischmann T, Nguyen TDL, Frauenfelder T, Böni R, Scherman J, Bettex D, Grünenfelder J, Schwartlander R, Vogel V, Gyöngyösi M, Alkadhi H, Falk V, Hoerstrup SP. Transcatheter based electromechanical mapping guided intramyocardial transplantation and in vivo tracking of human stem cell based three dimensional microtissues in the porcine heart. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2428-41. [PMID: 23332174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been repeatedly suggested for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the low retention rate of single cell suspensions limits the efficacy of current therapy concepts so far. Taking advantage of three dimensional (3D) cellular self-assembly prior to transplantation may be beneficial to overcome these limitations. In this pilot study we investigate the principal feasibility of intramyocardial delivery of in-vitro generated stem cell-based 3D microtissues (3D-MTs) in a porcine model. 3D-MTs were generated from iron-oxide (MPIO) labeled human adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) using a modified hanging-drop method. Nine pigs (33 ± 2 kg) comprising seven healthy ones and two with chronic MI in the left ventricle (LV) anterior wall were included. The pigs underwent intramyocardial transplantation of 16 × 10(3) 3D-MTs (1250 cells/MT; accounting for 2 × 10(7) single ATMSCs) into the anterior wall of the healthy pigs (n = 7)/the MI border zone of the infarcted (n = 2) of the LV using a 3D NOGA electromechanical mapping guided, transcatheter based approach. Clinical follow-up (FU) was performed for up to five weeks and in-vivo cell-tracking was performed using serial magnet resonance imaging (MRI). Thereafter, the hearts were harvested and assessed by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Intramyocardial transplantation of human ATMSC based 3D-MTs was successful in eight animals (88.8%) while one pig (without MI) died during the electromechanical mapping due to sudden cardiac-arrest. During FU, no arrhythmogenic, embolic or neurological events occurred in the treated pigs. Serial MRI confirmed the intramyocardial presence of the 3D-MTs by detection of the intracellular iron-oxide MPIOs during FU. Intramyocardial retention of 3D-MTs was confirmed by PCR analysis and was further verified on histology and immunohistochemical analysis. The 3D-MTs appeared to be viable, integrated and showed an intact micro architecture. We demonstrate the principal feasibility and safety of intramyocardial transplantation of in-vitro generated stem cell-based 3D-MTs. Multimodal cell-tracking strategies comprising advanced imaging and in-vitro tools allow for in-vivo monitoring and post-mortem analysis of transplanted 3D-MTs. The concept of 3D cellular self-assembly represents a promising application format as a next generation technology for cell-based myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Y Emmert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Personalized nanomedicine advancements for stem cell tracking. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1488-507. [PMID: 22820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in biomedicine have facilitated the generation of data on the anatomical, physiological and molecular level for individual patients and thus introduces opportunity for therapy to be personalized in an unprecedented fashion. Generation of patient-specific stem cells exemplifies the efforts toward this new approach. Cell-based therapy is a highly promising treatment paradigm; however, due to the lack of consistent and unbiased data about the fate of stem cells in vivo, interpretation of therapeutic effects remains challenging hampering the progress in this field. The advent of nanotechnology with a wide palette of inorganic and organic nanostructures has expanded the arsenal of methods for tracking transplanted stem cells. The diversity of nanomaterials has revolutionized personalized nanomedicine and enables individualized tailoring of stem cell labeling materials for the specific needs of each patient. The successful implementation of stem cell tracking will likely be a significant driving force that will contribute to the further development of nanotheranostics. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of cell tracking using currently available nanoparticles.
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25
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Templin C, Zweigerdt R, Schwanke K, Olmer R, Ghadri JR, Emmert MY, Müller E, Küest SM, Cohrs S, Schibli R, Kronen P, Hilbe M, Reinisch A, Strunk D, Haverich A, Hoerstrup S, Lüscher TF, Kaufmann PA, Landmesser U, Martin U. Transplantation and tracking of human-induced pluripotent stem cells in a pig model of myocardial infarction: assessment of cell survival, engraftment, and distribution by hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography of sodium iodide symporter transgene expression. Circulation 2012; 126:430-9. [PMID: 22767659 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.087684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of novel cellular therapies in large-animal models and patients is currently hampered by the lack of imaging approaches that allow for long-term monitoring of viable transplanted cells. In this study, sodium iodide symporter (NIS) transgene imaging was evaluated as an approach to follow in vivo survival, engraftment, and distribution of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives in a pig model of myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic hiPSC lines stably expressing a fluorescent reporter and NIS (NIS(pos)-hiPSCs) were established. Iodide uptake, efflux, and viability of NIS(pos)-hiPSCs were assessed in vitro. Ten (±2) days after induction of myocardial infarction by transient occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, catheter-based intramyocardial injection of NIS(pos)-hiPSCs guided by 3-dimensional NOGA mapping was performed. Dual-isotope single photon emission computed tomographic/computed tomographic imaging was applied with the use of (123)I to follow donor cell survival and distribution and with the use of (99m)TC-tetrofosmin for perfusion imaging. In vitro, iodide uptake in NIS(pos)-hiPSCs was increased 100-fold above that of nontransgenic controls. In vivo, viable NIS(pos)-hiPSCs could be visualized for up to 15 weeks. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that hiPSC-derived endothelial cells contributed to vascularization. Up to 12 to 15 weeks after transplantation, no teratomas were detected. CONCLUSIONS This study describes for the first time the feasibility of repeated long-term in vivo imaging of viability and tissue distribution of cellular grafts in large animals. Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating vascular differentiation and long-term engraftment of hiPSCs in a large-animal model of myocardial infarction. NIS(pos)-hiPSCs represent a valuable tool to monitor and improve current cellular treatment strategies in clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Thorek DLJ, Robertson R, Bacchus WA, Hahn J, Rothberg J, Beattie BJ, Grimm J. Cerenkov imaging - a new modality for molecular imaging. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:163-173. [PMID: 23133811 PMCID: PMC3477724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is an emerging hybrid modality that utilizes the light emission from many commonly used medical isotopes. Cerenkov radiation (CR) is produced when charged particles travel through a dielectric medium faster than the speed of light in that medium. First described in detail nearly 100 years ago, CR has only recently applied for biomedical imaging purposes. The modality is of considerable interest as it enables the use of widespread luminescence imaging equipment to visualize clinical diagnostic (all PET radioisotopes) and many therapeutic radionuclides. The amount of light detected in CLI applications is significantly lower than other that in other optical imaging techniques such as bioluminescence and fluorescence. However, significant advantages include the use of approved radiotracers and lack of an incident light source, resulting in high signal to background ratios. As well, multiple subjects may be imaged concurrently (up to 5 in common bioluminescent equipment), conferring both cost and time benefits. This review summarizes the field of Cerenkov luminescence imaging to date. Applications of CLI discussed include intraoperative radionuclide-guided surgery, monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, tomographic optical imaging capabilities, and the ability to perform multiplexed imaging using fluorophores excited by the Cerenkov radiation. While technical challenges still exist, Cerenkov imaging has materialized as an important molecular imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel LJ Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New York
| | - Robbie Robertson
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, The Takeda Company, Biomedical Imaging GroupCambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wassifa A Bacchus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York
| | - Jaeseung Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York
| | - Julie Rothberg
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New York
| | - Bradley J Beattie
- Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New York
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New York
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