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Wang Y, Tian J, Liu D, Li T, Mao Y, Zhu C. Microglia in radiation-induced brain injury: Cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14794. [PMID: 38867379 PMCID: PMC11168970 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury is a neurological condition resulting from radiotherapy for malignant tumors, with its underlying pathogenesis still not fully understood. Current hypotheses suggest that immune cells, particularly the excessive activation of microglia in the central nervous system and the migration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, play a critical role in initiating and progressing the injury. This review aimed to summarize the latest advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of microglia in radiation-induced brain injury. METHODS This article critically examines recent developments in understanding the role of microglia activation in radiation-induced brain injury. It elucidates associated mechanisms and explores novel research pathways and therapeutic options for managing this condition. RESULTS Post-irradiation, activated microglia release numerous inflammatory factors, exacerbating neuroinflammation and facilitating the onset and progression of radiation-induced damage. Therefore, controlling microglial activation and suppressing the secretion of related inflammatory factors is crucial for preventing radiation-induced brain injury. While microglial activation is a primary factor in neuroinflammation, the precise mechanisms by which radiation prompts this activation remain elusive. Multiple signaling pathways likely contribute to microglial activation and the progression of radiation-induced brain injury. CONCLUSIONS The intricate microenvironment and molecular mechanisms associated with radiation-induced brain injury underscore the crucial roles of immune cells in its onset and progression. By investigating the interplay among microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, potential strategies emerge to mitigate microglial activation, reduce the release of inflammatory agents, and impede the entry of peripheral immune cells into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Department of PediatricsHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiayu Tian
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Department of PediatricsHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Electrocardiogram, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Department of PediatricsHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanna Mao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Department of PediatricsInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityKangfuqian Street 7Zhengzhou450052None SelectedChina
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMedicinaregtan 11Göteborg40530Sweden
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Xuan L, Bai C, Ju Z, Luo J, Guan H, Zhou PK, Huang R. Radiation-targeted immunotherapy: A new perspective in cancer radiotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:1-11. [PMID: 38061920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary oncology, radiation therapy and immunotherapy stand as critical treatments, each with distinct mechanisms and outcomes. Radiation therapy, a key player in cancer management, targets cancer cells by damaging their DNA with ionizing radiation. Its effectiveness is heightened when used alongside other treatments like surgery and chemotherapy. Employing varied radiation types like X-rays, gamma rays, and proton beams, this approach aims to minimize damage to healthy tissue. However, it is not without risks, including potential damage to surrounding normal cells and side effects ranging from skin inflammation to serious long-term complications. Conversely, immunotherapy marks a revolutionary step in cancer treatment, leveraging the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. It manipulates the immune system's specificity and memory, offering a versatile approach either alone or in combination with other treatments. Immunotherapy is known for its targeted action, long-lasting responses, and fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. The interaction between radiation therapy and immunotherapy is intricate, with potential for both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Their combined use can be more effective than either treatment alone, but careful consideration of timing and sequence is essential. This review explores the impact of various radiation therapy regimens on immunotherapy, focusing on changes in the immune microenvironment, immune protein expression, and epigenetic factors, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies and ongoing research to enhance the efficacy of these combined therapies in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
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Pan T, Li X, Zhao B, Zhang C, Rong X, Qin C, Wen G, Wu W, Wang H, Lu K, Zhou H, Peng Y. Radiotherapy-Related Neurologic Complications in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multicenter Epidemiologic Study in Southern China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1119-1129. [PMID: 35391491 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim at describing the incidence, potential predisposing factors, and progression of major radiotherapy-related neurologic complications (RRNC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-endemic regions, especially southern China. METHODS We performed a multicenter longitudinal retrospective study with clinical follow-ups in 22,302 patients with post-radiotherapy NPC between January 2003 and June 2017 covering three major residential areas. Epidemiology, potential predisposing/protective factors, clinicopathologic progression, and survival conditions of each RRNC were separately recorded and analyzed on the basis of their related clinical, radiologic, and laboratory parameters. RESULTS 949 new cases of RRNCs occurred among the 22,302 patients with post-radiotherapy NPC during 101,714 person years' follow-up, which is equal to an incidence density rate of 9.3 new cases per 1000 person year. Radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy showed the highest incidence (2.68%, 597/22,302) with the earliest onset (median latency, 4.45 years) as well. Patients benefited from intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) over conventional radiotherapy (CRT) in both overall survival (median survival 13.2 years for IMRT vs. 8.3 years for CRT) and RRNC-free survival (except for epilepsy and cranial nerve palsy). Causes of death varied substantially between patients with or without RRNCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a non-negligible incidence of RRNC spectrum in southern China in the past ten years. IMRT is one of the most significant protectors against development and progression of RRNCs. IMPACT Our findings support the hypothesis that patients with NPC with preexisting predispositions would receive long-term benefits from IMRT and other dose-related modulations (like hyperfractionation and dose conformation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengguo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Zhongshan City, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Zhongshan City, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng T, Zhang Z, Shen H, Jian Z, Li J, Chen Y, Shen Y, Dai X. Topically applicated curcumin/gelatin-blended nanofibrous mat inhibits pancreatic adenocarcinoma by increasing ROS production and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:126. [PMID: 32891174 PMCID: PMC7487882 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies. Surgical resection supplemented by chemotherapy remains the major therapeutic regimen, but with unavoidable resistance and systemic toxic reaction. Curcumin is a known safe natural compound that can effectively eliminate pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, making it a promising candidate for substitution in subsequent chemotherapy. However, due to its extremely low bioavailability caused by its insolubility and circular elimination, curcumin had an unexpectedly modest therapeutic effect in clinical trials. RESULTS Here, we electrospun curcumin/gelatin-blended nanofibrous mat to largely improve curcumin's bioavailability by local controlled-release. With characterization by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, it was revealed that curcumin was uniformly dispersed in the fiber of the mats with nanoscopic dimensions and could be continuously released into the surrounding medium for days. The cancer inhibitory effects of nano-curcumin and underlying mechanisms were further explored by assays using pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell and experiments using xenograft model. The results showed the released nano-curcumin could effectively inhibit pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation not only in vitro, but more importantly in vivo. This cytotoxic effect of nano-curcumin against pancreatic adenocarcinoma was achieved through provoking the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and activating endoplasmic reticulum stress, which leads to enhanced cell apoptosis via decreased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, curcumin/gelatin-blended nanofibrous mat could be a promising, secure, efficient and affordable substitutional agent for the elimination of residual cancer cells after tumor resection. Moreover, our strategy to obtain curcumin released from nanofibrous mat may provide a universally applicable approach for the study of the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of other potential medicines with low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ziying Jian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21000, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xinyi Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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