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Key J, Gispert S, Koornneef L, Sleddens-Linkels E, Kohli A, Torres-Odio S, Koepf G, Amr S, Reichlmeir M, Harter PN, West AP, Münch C, Baarends WM, Auburger G. CLPP Depletion Causes Diplotene Arrest; Underlying Testis Mitochondrial Dysfunction Occurs with Accumulation of Perrault Proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. Cells 2022; 12:52. [PMID: 36611846 PMCID: PMC9818230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is autosomal, recessively inherited, and characterized by ovarian insufficiency with hearing loss. Among the genetic causes are mutations of matrix peptidase CLPP, which trigger additional azoospermia. Here, we analyzed the impact of CLPP deficiency on male mouse meiosis stages. Histology, immunocytology, different OMICS and biochemical approaches, and RT-qPCR were employed in CLPP-null mouse testis. Meiotic chromosome pairing and synapsis proceeded normally. However, the foci number of the crossover marker MLH1 was slightly reduced, and foci persisted in diplotene, most likely due to premature desynapsis, associated with an accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX. No meiotic M-phase cells were detected. Proteome profiles identified strong deficits of proteins involved in male meiotic prophase (HSPA2, SHCBP1L, DMRT7, and HSF5), versus an accumulation of AURKAIP1. Histone H3 cleavage, mtDNA extrusion, and cGAMP increase suggested innate immunity activation. However, the deletion of downstream STING/IFNAR failed to alleviate pathology. As markers of underlying mitochondrial pathology, we observed an accumulation of PRLTS proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. We propose that the loss of CLPP leads to the extrusion of mitochondrial nucleotide-binding proteins to cytosol and nucleus, affecting late meiotic prophase progression, and causing cell death prior to M-phase entry. This phenotype is more severe than in mito-mice or mutator-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Key
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lieke Koornneef
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Sleddens-Linkels
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aneesha Kohli
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Gabriele Koepf
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shady Amr
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Reichlmeir
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Willy M. Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Fu X, Yang Y, Yan Z, Liu M, Wang X. Transcriptomic Study of Spermatogenesis in the Testis of Hu Sheep and Tibetan Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122212. [PMID: 36553478 PMCID: PMC9778047 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genes involved in male reproduction regulate testis development and spermatogenesis. In this study, the testis tissue transcriptome was used to identify candidate genes and key pathways associated with fecundity in sheep. Histological analysis of testis tissue using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) routine staining was performed for two sheep breeds. Overall, 466 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between Hu sheep (HS) and Tibetan sheep (TS) through RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq), including 226 upregulated and 240 downregulated genes. Functional analysis showed that several terms and pathways, such as "protein digestion and absorption", "cAMP signaling pathway", "focal adhesion", and "p53 signaling pathway" were closely related to testis development and spermatogenesis. Several genes (including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, SOX9, BCL2, HDC, and GGT5) were significantly enriched in these terms and pathways and might affect the reproduction of sheep by regulating the migration of spermatogenic cells, apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, and secretion of sterol hormones via testicular interstitial cells. Our results provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of reproduction in sheep.
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Jiang DL, Xu YL, Pan JQ, Fan D, Shen X, Li WY, Ou-Yang HJ, Xu DN, Tian YB, Huang YM. Effects of melatonin on testicular function in adult male mice under different photoperiods. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20220038. [PMID: 36189166 PMCID: PMC9524057 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-li Jiang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Yang-long Xu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Jian-qiu Pan
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Di Fan
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Wan-yan Li
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Hong-jia Ou-Yang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Dan-ning Xu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Yun-bo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
| | - Yun-mao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, China
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Wu X, Yang Y, Zhong C, Guo Y, Li S, Lin H, Liu X. Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured germ cells and functional characterization of zbtb40 during 17alpha-methyltestosterone-induced spermatogenesis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:73. [PMID: 31973692 PMCID: PMC6979330 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is an intricate process regulated by a finely organized network. The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, but the regulatory mechanism of its spermatogenesis is not well-understood. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of the male germ cells isolated from orange-spotted grouper was performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying spermatogenesis. RESULTS In this study, the orange-spotted grouper was induced to change sex from female to male by 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) implantation. During the spermatogenesis, male germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa) were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Transcriptomic analysis for the isolated cells was performed. A total of 244,984,338 clean reads were generated from four cDNA libraries. Real-time PCR results of 13 genes related to sex differentiation and hormone metabolism indicated that transcriptome data are reliable. RNA-seq data showed that the female-related genes and genes involved in hormone metabolism were highly expressed in spermatogonia and spermatozoa, suggesting that these genes participate in the spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the expression of zbtb family genes showed significantly changes in the RNA-seq data, and their expression patterns were further examined during spermatogenesis. The analysis of cellular localization of Eczbtb40 and the co-localization of Eczbtb40 and Eccyp17a1 in different gonadal stages suggested that Eczbtb40 might interact with Eccyp17a1 during spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study, for the first time, investigated the transcriptome of the male germ cells from orange-spotted grouper, and identified functional genes, GO terms, and KEGG pathways involved in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, Eczbtb40 was first characterized and its role during spermatogenesis was predicted. These data will contribute to future studies on the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Chaoyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000 People’s Republic of China
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Luk ACS, Chan WY, Rennert OM, Lee TL. Long noncoding RNAs in spermatogenesis: insights from recent high-throughput transcriptome studies. Reproduction 2014; 147:R131-41. [PMID: 24713396 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex developmental process in which undifferentiated spermatogonia are differentiated into spermatocytes and spermatids through two rounds of meiotic division and finally giving rise to mature spermatozoa (sperm). These processes involve many testis- or male germ cell-specific gene products that undergo strict developmental regulations. As a result, identifying critical, regulatory genes controlling spermatogenesis provide the clues not only to the regulatory mechanism of spermatogenesis at the molecular level, but also to the identification of candidate genes for infertility or contraceptives development. Despite the biological importance in male germ cell development, the underlying mechanisms of stage-specific gene regulation and cellular transition during spermatogenesis remain largely elusive. Previous genomic studies on transcriptome profiling were largely limited to protein-coding genes. Importantly, protein-coding genes only account for a small percentage of transcriptome; the majority are noncoding transcripts that do not translate into proteins. Although small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs, siRNAs, and Piwi-interacting RNAs are extensively investigated in male germ cell development, the role of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), commonly defined as ncRNAs longer than 200 bp, is relatively unexplored. Herein, we summarize recent transcriptome studies on spermatogenesis and show examples that a subset of noncoding transcript population, known as lncRNAs, constitutes a novel regulatory target in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Chun-Shui Luk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Room 622A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Genomic and post-genomic leads toward regulation of spermatogenesis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 113:409-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Transcriptome profiling of the developing postnatal mouse testis using next-generation sequencing. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 56:1-12. [PMID: 23269550 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian testis development is a complex and highly sophisticated process. To study the dynamic change of normal testis development at the transcriptional level, we investigated mouse testes at three postnatal ages: 6 days postnatal, 4 weeks old, and 10 weeks old, representing infant (PN1), juvenile (PN2), and adult (PN3) stages, respectively. Using ultra high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, we obtained 211 million reads with a length of 35 bp. We identified 18837 genes that were expressed in mouse testes, and found that genes expressed at the highest level were involved in spermatogenesis. The gene expression pattern in PN1 was distinct from that in PN2 and PN3, which indicates that spermatogenesis has commenced in PN2. We analyzed a large number of genes related to spermatogenesis and somatic development of the testis, which play important roles at different developmental stages. We also found that the MAPK, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly involved at different developmental stages. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate testis development. Our study also demonstrates significant advantages of RNA-seq technology for studying transcriptome during development.
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Calvel P, Rolland AD, Jégou B, Pineau C. Testicular postgenomics: targeting the regulation of spermatogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:1481-500. [PMID: 20403865 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm are, arguably, the most differentiated cells produced within the body of any given species. This is owing to the fact that spermatogenesis is an intricate and highly specialized process evolved to suit the individual particularities of each sexual species. Despite a vast diversity in method, the aim of spermatogenesis is always the same, the idealized transmission of genetic patrimony. Towards this goal certain requirements must always be met, such as a relative twofold reduction in ploidy, repackaging of the chromatin for transport and specialized enhancements for cell motility, recognition and fusion. In the past 20 years, the study of molecular networks coordinating male germ cell development, particularly in mammals, has become more and more facilitated thanks to large-scale analyses of genome expression. Such postgenomic endeavors have generated landscapes of data for both fundamental and clinical reproductive biology. Continuous, large-scale integration analyses of these datasets are undertaken which provide access to very precise information on a myriad of biomolecules. This review presents commonly used transcriptomic and proteomic workflows applied to various testicular germ cell studies. We will also provide a general overview of the technical possibilities available to reproductive genomic biologists, noting the advantages and drawbacks of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Calvel
- Inserm, U625, IFR 140, University of Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France
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9
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Abstract
Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte during fertilization by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction even though no DBY protein expression is detected. The cellular location of Dby mRNA is seen in the post-acrosome region, and it comprises nearly half of the mouse spermatozoa in in situ hybridization. In contrast, transcripts of the control gene, Smcy, are not detected in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, although the H-Y antigen encoded by Smcy is expressed on the surface of the spermatozoa. In our microinjection experiment, the zygotic development rate of the as-Dby male pronucleus injection group was significantly lower than that of the as-Smcy male pronucleus injection group (35.9% vs. 95%, P = 0.001) and the as-Dby female pronucleus injection group (35.9% vs. 93.8%, P = 0.001). The rate of male-developed zygotes was also lower than that of the as-Smcy male pronucleus injection group (17.4% vs. 57.9%, P = 0.002) and the as-Dby female pronucleus injection group (17.4% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.002). Thus, we conclude that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and it has an important role in the early zygotic development of male mouse zygotes. This might imply that spermatozoa mRNA is involved in early zygotic and embryonic stages of reproduction.
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Tan Q, Dong D, Ye L, Li R. Combined usage of cascade affinity fractionation and LC-MS/MS for the proteomics of adult mouse testis. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3871-9. [PMID: 19890842 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the proteomics of adult mouse testis were analyzed by the combined usage of cascade affinity fractionation and LC-MS/MS. The differences between the selected affinity ligands in size, shape, structure, and biochemical characteristics, result in each ligand exhibiting a specific affinity to some protein groups. Therefore, a cascade composition of different ligands can be applied to the fractionation of complex tissue proteins. Ultimately, the fractions collected from cascade affinity fractionation were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, which resulted in high confidence identification of a total of 1378 non-redundant mouse testis protein groups, over 2.6 times as many proteins as were detected in the un-fractionated sample (526). All detected proteins were bioinformatically categorized according to their physicochemical characteristics (such as relative molecular mass, pI, grand average hydrophobicity value, and transmembrane helices), subcellular location, and function annotation. This approach highlighted the sensitivity of this method to a wide variety of protein classes. Utilizing a combination of cascade affinity fractionation and LC-MS/MS, we have established the largest proteomic database for adult mouse testis at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiao Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Testicular Development and Spermatogenesis: Harvesting the Postgenomics Bounty. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 636:16-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09597-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Viñas J, Piferrer F. Stage-Specific Gene Expression During Fish Spermatogenesis as Determined by Laser-Capture Microdissection and Quantitative-PCR in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gonads1. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:738-47. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.069708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Chiba T, Yao J, Higami Y, Shimokawa I, Hosokawa M, Higuchi K. Identification of differentially expressed genes in senescence-accelerated mouse testes by suppression subtractive hybridization analysis. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:105-12. [PMID: 17334656 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-006-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strains constitute a model of accelerated senescence coupled with a short lifespan and the early development of various age-related disorders. To identify differential gene expression in testes between senescence-accelerated SAMP1 and control SAMR1 mice, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization. We observed that the expression of three genes related to cell proliferation (myosin regulatory light chain B, aldolase 1A isoform, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc) were upregulated and four genes implicated in spermatogenesis were downregulated in SAMP1 mice. Asb-8, a member of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins, was abundantly expressed in the testes and downregulated in SAMP1. The other three downregulated genes (germ cell-specific gene 1, T-complex polypeptide 1b, and activator of cAMP responsive element modulator in testis) have been reported to regulate late-stage spermatogenesis. These gene expression profiles might explain the findings of early testicular maturation and rapid decline in the ability to produce spermatozoa with advancing age in SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Chiba
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Chan WY, Lee TL, Wu SM, Ruszczyk L, Alba D, Baxendale V, Rennert OM. Transcriptome analyses of male germ cells with serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 250:8-19. [PMID: 16413108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) provides an alternative with additional advantages to microarrays for studying gene expression during spermatogenesis. The digitized transcriptome provided by SAGE of purified mouse germ cells identified 27,504 species of transcripts expressed in type A spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids. Over 2700 of these transcripts were novel. Computational analyses allowed the identification of clusters of co-regulated genes, cell-specific promoter modules, cell-specific biological processes, as well as "preferential" biological networks in different cell types. These analyses provided potential drug targets for interference of specific pathways at different stages of spermatogenesis. Analyses of the transcriptomes revealed the prominent role of cytochrome c oxidase in germ cells and suggest a novel role for this enzyme in cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis in spermatogonia. A number of genes were shown to undergo differential splicing during spermatogenesis giving rise to cell-specific splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yee Chan
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, MSC 4429, Bethesda, MD 20892-4429, USA.
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Divina P, Vlček Č, Strnad P, Pačes V, Forejt J. Global transcriptome analysis of the C57BL/6J mouse testis by SAGE: evidence for nonrandom gene order. BMC Genomics 2005; 6:29. [PMID: 15748293 PMCID: PMC1079818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We generated the gene expression profile of the total testis from the adult C57BL/6J male mice using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Two high-quality SAGE libraries containing a total of 76 854 tags were constructed. An extensive bioinformatic analysis and comparison of SAGE transcriptomes of the total testis, testicular somatic cells and other mouse tissues was performed and the theory of male-biased gene accumulation on the X chromosome was tested. RESULTS We sorted out 829 genes predominantly expressed from the germinal part and 944 genes from the somatic part of the testis. The genes preferentially and specifically expressed in total testis and testicular somatic cells were identified by comparing the testis SAGE transcriptomes to the available transcriptomes of seven non-testis tissues. We uncovered chromosomal clusters of adjacent genes with preferential expression in total testis and testicular somatic cells by a genome-wide search and found that the clusters encompassed a significantly higher number of genes than expected by chance. We observed a significant 3.2-fold enrichment of the proportion of X-linked genes specific for testicular somatic cells, while the proportions of X-linked genes specific for total testis and for other tissues were comparable. In contrast to the tissue-specific genes, an under-representation of X-linked genes in the total testis transcriptome but not in the transcriptomes of testicular somatic cells and other tissues was detected. CONCLUSION Our results provide new evidence in favor of the theory of male-biased genes accumulation on the X chromosome in testicular somatic cells and indicate the opposite action of the meiotic X-inactivation in testicular germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Divina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Integrated Genomics, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vlček
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Integrated Genomics, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Integrated Genomics, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Pačes
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Integrated Genomics, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Forejt
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Integrated Genomics, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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16
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2004. [PMCID: PMC2447475 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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