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Atypical Cadherin FAT3 Is a Novel Mediator for Morphological Changes of Microglia. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0056-20.2020. [PMID: 32868309 PMCID: PMC7768282 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0056-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages that are critical for brain development and homeostasis. Microglial morphology is dynamically changed during postnatal stages, leading to regulating synaptogenesis and synapse pruning. Moreover, it has been well known that the shape of microglia is also altered in response to the detritus of the apoptotic cells and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Although the morphologic changes are crucial for acquiring microglial functions, the exact mechanism which controls their morphology is not fully understood. Here, we report that the FAT atypical cadherin family protein, FAT3, regulates the morphology of microglial cell line, BV2. We found that the shape of BV2 becomes elongated in a high-nutrient medium. Using microarray analysis, we identified that FAT3 expression is induced by culturing with a high-nutrient medium. In addition, we found that purinergic analog, hypoxanthine, promotes FAT3 expression in BV2 and mouse primary microglia. FAT3 expression induced by hypoxanthine extends the time of sustaining the elongated forms in BV2. These data suggest that the hypoxanthine-FAT3 axis is a novel pathway associated with microglial morphology. Our data provide a possibility that FAT3 may control microglial transitions involved in their morphologic changes during the postnatal stages in vivo.
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Davoli R, Fontanesi L, Braglia S, Nisi I, Scotti E, Buttazzoni L, Russo V. Investigation of SNPs in theATP1A2, CA3andDECR1genes mapped to porcine chromosome 4: analysis in groups of pigs divergent for meat production and quality traits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2006.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Qiao R, Gao J, Zhang Z, Li L, Xie X, Fan Y, Cui L, Ma J, Ai H, Ren J, Huang L. Genome-wide association analyses reveal significant loci and strong candidate genes for growth and fatness traits in two pig populations. Genet Sel Evol 2015; 47:17. [PMID: 25885760 PMCID: PMC4358731 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been reported on various pig traits. We performed a GWAS to analyze 22 traits related to growth and fatness on two pig populations: a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 intercross population and a Chinese Sutai half-sib population. RESULTS We identified 14 and 39 loci that displayed significant associations with growth and fatness traits at the genome-wide level and chromosome-wide level, respectively. The strongest association was between a 750 kb region on SSC7 (SSC for Sus scrofa) and backfat thickness at the first rib. This region had pleiotropic effects on both fatness and growth traits in F2 animals and contained a promising candidate gene HMGA1 (high mobility group AT-hook 1). Unexpectedly, population genetic analysis revealed that the allele at this locus that reduces fatness and increases growth is derived from Chinese indigenous pigs and segregates in multiple Chinese breeds. The second strongest association was between the region around 82.85 Mb on SSC4 and average backfat thickness. PLAG1 (pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1), a gene under strong selection in European domestic pigs, is proximal to the top SNP and stands out as a strong candidate gene. On SSC2, a locus that significantly affects fatness traits mapped to the region around the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) gene but its non-imprinting inheritance excluded IGF2 as a candidate gene. A significant locus was also detected within a recombination cold spot that spans more than 30 Mb on SSCX, which hampered the identification of plausible candidate genes. Notably, no genome-wide significant locus was shared by the two experimental populations; different loci were observed that had both constant and time-specific effects on growth traits at different stages, which illustrates the complex genetic architecture of these traits. CONCLUSIONS We confirm several previously reported QTL and provide a list of novel loci for porcine growth and fatness traits in two experimental populations with Chinese Taihu and Western pigs as common founders. We showed that distinct loci exist for these traits in the two populations and identified HMGA1 and PLAG1 as strong candidate genes on SSC7 and SSC4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xianhua Xie
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yin Fan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Leilei Cui
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Junwu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Huashui Ai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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Proteomic analysis of liver in miniature pigs according to developmental stages using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:162-7. [PMID: 24106511 PMCID: PMC3791350 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the shortage of human organ donors for transplant, various studies of xenotransplantation, or the use of animal organs instead of human organs, have been carried out. The organs of porcine are thought to be safer and of a more suitable size for xenotransplantationthan those of nonhuman primates. Understanding the levels of expression of proteins, and their post-translational regulation, would be very practical between different species and among developing stages, though the molecular profiling for xenotransplantation has been rarely studied for porcine, while that of human and rodent is well known. Here, in this present study, we report protein regulation of the developing stages of liver (4-day old neonate, 19-day old piglet and 14-month old adult miniature pigs) using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF. From images of the three different stages, a total of 8 spotswhich were differently regulated were identified, and 5 spots were identified with MALDI-TOF MS. The data presented within this study provides critical direction relating to the development of livers of miniature pigs, which will assist future proteome analysis of the liver, and advance our understanding of the hurdles facing xenotransplantaion.
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Investigation on the transcription factors of porcine 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes. Gene 2012; 499:186-90. [PMID: 22405929 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) regulate the steroid metabolism in mammals. In this study, we aimed to characterize the steroid related transcription factors at the 5' flanking region of these two genes. A series of 5' deletions of approximately 1 kb of 5'-flanking region on both genes were fused to a pGL3 basic vector containing firefly luciferase cDNA, and then transfected to human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Luciferase activity assay indicated the region from -574 to -617 bp of the 3βHSD1 promoter, and from -850 to -868 bp of 17βHSD7 promoter induced the highest luciferase activity. A putative transcription factor, i.e. the proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper (PAR/bZIP) family of 3βHSD1 gene, and three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain class of 17βHSD7 were identified respectively by sequence homology. Gel shift assay further confirmed the binding capacity of the putative elements to nuclear extract. Our study gives new insights to the transcriptional regulation of 3βHSD1 and 17βHSD7 and further hints to their involvement in steroid metabolism.
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Fontanesi L, Speroni C, Buttazzoni L, Scotti E, Costa LN, Davoli R, Russo V. Association between cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin S (CTSS) polymorphisms and meat production and carcass traits in Italian Large White pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 85:331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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A single nucleotide polymorphism in the porcine cathepsin K (CTSK) gene is associated with back fat thickness and production traits in Italian Duroc pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:491-5. [PMID: 19662513 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CTSK) was selected as a candidate gene for fat deposition in pigs because recently, in human and mouse, it was shown that this lysosomal proteinase is an obesity marker. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified in intron 4 of the porcine CTSK gene (g.15G>A; FM209043). Allele frequencies of this polymorphism were analysed in seven pig breeds. Radiation hybrid mapping confirmed the localization of CTSK to porcine chromosome 4, close to the FAT1 QTL region. Three populations of pigs (one Italian Large White and two Italian Duroc groups of pigs) were selected for association analysis. In the Italian Large White breed the g.15G>A SNP was not informative. Association analysis including all Italian Duroc pigs showed that the CTSK marker was associated with back fat thickness and lean cuts (P < 0.01), and average daily gain and feed:gain ratio (P < 0.05) estimated breeding values.
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Vingborg RKK, Gregersen VR, Zhan B, Panitz F, Høj A, Sørensen KK, Madsen LB, Larsen K, Hornshøj H, Wang X, Bendixen C. A robust linkage map of the porcine autosomes based on gene-associated SNPs. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:134. [PMID: 19327136 PMCID: PMC2674067 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic linkage maps are necessary for mapping of mendelian traits and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). To identify the actual genes, which control these traits, a map based on gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers is highly valuable. In this study, the SNPs were genotyped in a large family material comprising more than 5,000 piglets derived from 12 Duroc boars crossed with 236 Danish Landrace/Danish Large White sows. The SNPs were identified in sequence alignments of 4,600 different amplicons obtained from the 12 boars and containing coding regions of genes derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genomic shotgun sequences. RESULTS Linkage maps of all 18 porcine autosomes were constructed based on 456 gene-associated and six porcine EST-based SNPs. The total length of the averaged-sex whole porcine autosome was estimated to 1,711.8 cM resulting in an average SNP spacing of 3.94 cM. The female and male maps were estimated to 2,336.1 and 1,441.5 cM, respectively. The gene order was validated through comparisons to the cytogenetic and/or physical location of 203 genes, linkage to evenly spaced microsatellite markers as well as previously reported conserved synteny. A total of 330 previously unmapped genes and ESTs were mapped to the porcine autosome while ten genes were mapped to unexpected locations. CONCLUSION The linkage map presented here shows high accuracy in gene order. The pedigree family network as well as the large amount of meiotic events provide good reliability and make this map suitable for QTL and association studies. In addition, the linkage to the RH-map of microsatellites makes it suitable for comparison to other QTL studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke K K Vingborg
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
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Genomic organization, alternative splicing and tissues expression of porcine CREB3L4 gene. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1881-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Liu WS, Yasue H, Eyer K, Hiraiwa H, Shimogiri T, Roelofs B, Landrito E, Ekstrand J, Treat M, Paes N, Lemos M, Griffith AC, Davis ML, Meyers SN, Yerle M, Milan D, Beever JE, Schook LB, Beattie CW. High-resolution comprehensive radiation hybrid maps of the porcine chromosomes 2p and 9p compared with the human chromosome 11. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 120:157-63. [PMID: 18467842 DOI: 10.1159/000118757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We are constructing high-resolution, chromosomal 'test' maps for the entire pig genome using a 12,000-rad WG-RH panel (IMNpRH2(12,000-rad))to provide a scaffold for the rapid assembly of the porcine genome sequence. Here we present an initial, comparative map of human chromosome (HSA) 11 with pig chromosomes (SSC) 2p and 9p. Two sets of RH mapping vectors were used to construct the RH framework (FW) maps for SSC2p and SSC9p. One set of 590 markers, including 131 microsatellites (MSs), 364 genes/ESTs, and 95 BAC end sequences (BESs) was typed on the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) panel. A second set of 271 markers (28 MSs, 138 genes/ESTs, and 105 BESs) was typed on the IMpRH(7,000-rad) panel. The two data sets were merged into a single data-set of 655 markers of which 206 markers were typed on both panels. Two large linkage groups of 72 and 194 markers were assigned to SSC2p, and two linkage groups of 84 and 168 markers to SSC9p at a two-point LOD score of 10. A total of 126 and 114 FW markers were ordered with a likelihood ratio of 1000:1 to the SSC2p and SSC9p RH(12,000-rad) FW maps, respectively, with an accumulated map distance of 4046.5 cR(12,000 )and 1355.2 cR(7,000 )for SSC2p, and 4244.1 cR(12,000) and 1802.5 cR(7,000) for SSC9p. The kb/cR ratio in the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) FW maps was 15.8 for SSC2p, and 15.4 for SSC9p, while the ratio in the IMpRH(7,000-rad) FW maps was 47.1 and 36.3, respectively, or an approximately 3.0-fold increase in map resolution in the IMNpRH(12,000-rad) panel over the IMpRH(7,000-rad) panel. The integrated IMNpRH(12,000-rad) andIMpRH(7,000-rad) maps as well as the genetic and BAC FPC maps provide an inclusive comparative map between SSC2p, SSC9p and HSA11 to close potential gaps between contigs prior to sequencing, and to identify regions where potential problems may arise in sequence assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-S Liu
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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A new 4016-marker radiation hybrid map for porcine-human genome analysis. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:51-60. [PMID: 18188646 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a 5000-rad comprehensive radiation hybrid (RH) map of the porcine (Sus scrofa) genome and compared the results with the human genome. Of 4475 typed markers, 4016 (89.7%) had LOD >5 compared with the markers used in our previous RH map by means of two-point analysis and were grouped onto the 19 porcine chromosomes (SSCs). All mapped markers had LOD >3 as determined by RHMAPPER analysis. The current map comprised 430 microsatellite (MS) framework markers, 914 other MS markers, and 2672 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The whole-genome map was 8822.1 cR in length, giving an average marker density of 0.342 Mb/cR. The average retention frequency was 35.8%. Using BLAST searches of porcine ESTs against the RefSeq human nucleotide and amino acid sequences (release 22), we constructed high-resolution comparative maps of each SSC and each human chromosome (HSA). The average distance between ESTs in the human genome was 1.38 Mb. SSC contained 50 human chromosomal syntenic groups, and SSC11, SSC12, and SSC16 were only derived from the HSA13q, HSA17, and HSA5 regions, respectively. Among 38 porcine terminal regions, we found that at least 20 regions have been conserved between the porcine and human genomes; we also found four paralogous regions for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on SSC7, SSC2, SSC4, and SSC1.
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12
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Andersen PK, Veng L, Juul-Madsen HR, Vingborg RKK, Bendixen C, Thomsen B. Gene expression profiling, chromosome assignment and mutational analysis of the porcine Golgi-resident UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter SLC35A3. Mol Membr Biol 2007; 24:519-30. [PMID: 17710655 DOI: 10.1080/09687680701459877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SLC35A3 encodes a Golgi-resident UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter. Here, the porcine SLC35A3 gene was assigned to Sus scrofa chromosome 4 (SSC4) by a combination of radiation hybrid and linkage analysis. Expression profiling using real time RT-PCR showed ubiquitous but variable transcription of SLC35A3 in a selection of tissues. The deduced 325 amino acid sequence revealed a hydrophobic protein with 10 predicted transmembrane helices and the N- and C-terminal tails facing the cytosolic side of the Golgi apparatus. In addition, mutated versions of the UDP-GlcNAc transporter were analyzed in a yeast complementation assay, which allowed us to identify important domains and amino acid residues. Thus, the N-terminal tail was inessential for activity, whereas removal of the first transmembrane domain inhibited yeast complementation. The hydrophilic C-terminus was dispensable while mutant proteins either fully or partially deprived of the last membrane-spanning helix were functionally impaired. The third luminal loop showed modest sequence conservation and appeared structurally flexible as certain deletions were acceptable. In contrast, the fourth luminal loop was more sensitive to changes since the competence of the mutant protein was lowered by mutations. Substitutions of glycines 190, 215 and 254, which are invariant positions in the SLC35A subfamilies affected activity negatively. Interestingly, inhibition of function by a valine to phenylalanine mutation, which has been associated with skeletal malformations, is likely caused by structural incompatibility of the bulky aromatic phenylalanine side chain with the integrity of the transmembrane helix, since substitutions with the smaller aliphatic side chains of leucine and isoleucine were acceptable changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille K Andersen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
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Wijk HJV, Harlizius B, Liefers SC, Buschbell H, Dibbits B, Groenen MAM. In SilicoIdentification and Mapping of Microsatellite Markers onSus ScrofaChromosome 4. Anim Biotechnol 2007; 18:251-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10495390701399368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Szczerbal I, Chmurzynska A, Switonski M. Cytogenetic mapping of eight genes encoding fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in the pig genome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:63-6. [PMID: 17901701 DOI: 10.1159/000106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study cytogenetic localization of eight fatty acid binding protein genes in the pig genome was shown. BAC clones, containing sequences of selected genes (FABP1, FABP2, FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, FABP6, FABP7 and FABP8) were derived from porcine BAC libraries and mapped by FISH to porcine chromosomes (SSC) 3q12, 8q25, 6q26, 4q12, 4q12, 16q22, 1p22 and 4q12, respectively. Detailed analyses of regions containing gene clusters (FABP4, FABP5, FABP8) in chromosome 4 were performed and their order was established. It was shown that these three genes are located beyond the FAT1 region. Assignment of the FABP genes to chromosome regions harboring quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fat deposition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznan, Poznan, Poland.
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15
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Chen G, Bourneuf E, Marklund S, Zamaratskaia G, Madej A, Lundström K. Gene expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in relation to androstenone, testosterone, and estrone sulphate in gonadally intact male and castrated pigs. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:2457-63. [PMID: 17609472 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androstenone is one of the main compounds responsible for boar taint, and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD) might be involved in its metabolism. In this study, the gene expression of 3betaHSD and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17betaHSD) were determined by real-time PCR analysis and related to the concentrations of androstenone, testosterone, and estrone sulphate (E1S). The experiments were performed on gonadally intact male pigs classified based on high or low fat androstenone concentrations, as predetermined by HPLC, as well as on immunocastrated and surgically castrated male pigs. The male pigs with high androstenone concentrations in fat had low 3betaHSD gene expression in liver and testis. Moreover, the 17betaHSD gene expression in liver, but not in testis, varied negatively with fat androstenone concentrations. Immunocastrated and surgically castrated male pigs had nondetectable concentrations of fat androstenone and plasma testosterone and E1S, and the castration procedure induced a significant increase of 3betaHSD and 17betaHSD gene expression. The mRNA expression was generally much greater from the 3betaHSD than from the 17betaHSD gene. Furthermore, fat androstenone was negatively correlated with liver 3betaHSD gene expression (Pearson correlation, r = -0.69; P < 0.05), and the 17betaHSD gene expression in liver was negatively correlated with plasma E1S (r = -0.95; P < 0.001), indicating an important role of liver 17betaHSD in the estrogen metabolism of gonadally intact male pigs. Another strong correlation was found between 3betaHSD and 17betaHSD gene expression in liver of the gonadally intact male pigs (r = 0.86; P < 0.01), possibly reflecting similar regulation mechanisms of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wagenknecht D, Stratil A, Bartenschlager H, Van Poucke M, Peelman LJ, Majzlík I, Geldermann H. SNP identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine lamin A/C (LMNA) gene to chromosome 4q. J Anim Breed Genet 2007; 123:280-3. [PMID: 16882095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lamins are components of nuclear lamina and they have a profound influence on nuclear structure and functions. They are encoded by three genes, LMNA, LMNB1 and LMNB2. A genomic fragment of the porcine LMNA gene (822 bp; from exons 7 to 9) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and comparatively sequenced. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in intronic sequences: G162A, G208A, T367G and C618T. The SNPs are within the restriction sites for enzymes Bsh1236I, HpaII, AluI and Bsh1236I respectively. Allele frequencies at SNPs G208A, T367G and C618T were determined by using eight pig breeds. Linkage analysis in the Hohenheim Meishan x Piétrain family placed the LMNA gene in the chromosome 4q linkage group, between MEF2D and GBA (MEF2D - 3.0 cM - LMNA - 0.2 cM - GBA). In radiation hybrid mapping LMNA was most significantly linked to SW270 on chromosome 4 (39 cR; LOD = 7.86). The LMNA gene is located in the quantitative trait loci region for some carcass traits on chromosome 4q.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wagenknecht
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
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17
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Mercadé A, Pérez-Enciso M, Varona L, Alves E, Noguera JL, Sánchez A, Folch JM. Adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein is closely associated to the porcine FAT1 locus on chromosome 41. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:2907-13. [PMID: 17032783 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified 22 polymorphisms in the adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (FABP4) gene, a strong positional candidate gene for the FAT1 locus in porcine chromosome 4. The most informative polymorphism, an insertion/deletion in intron 1, together with a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 3, was genotyped in a cross between Iberian and Landrace pigs. After performing QTL, single marker, and haplotype analyses, we showed that there were at least 2 quantitative trait genes in the FAT1 region and that the FABP4 polymorphism was tightly associated to fatness. A comparison of allelic frequencies in a panel of pig breeds suggested that the Del2634C polymorphism was under indirect selection. We also showed that FABP4 is tightly associated to fatness but not growth. Furthermore, a haplotype analysis suggests that there is genetic heterogeneity at the FAT1 locus within the Landrace breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mercadé
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Berg F, Stern S, Andersson K, Andersson L, Moller M. Refined localization of the FAT1 quantitative trait locus on pig chromosome 4 by marker-assisted backcrossing. BMC Genet 2006; 7:17. [PMID: 16542463 PMCID: PMC1431559 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major QTL for fatness and growth, denoted FAT1, has previously been detected on pig chromosome 4q (SSC4q) using a Large White - wild boar intercross. Progeny that carried the wild boar allele at this locus had higher fat deposition, shorter length of carcass, and reduced growth. The position and the estimated effects of the FAT1 QTL for growth and fatness have been confirmed in a previous study. In order to narrow down the QTL interval we have traced the inheritance of the wild boar allele associated with high fat deposition through six additional backcross generations. RESULTS Progeny-testing was used to determine the QTL genotype for 10 backcross sires being heterozygous for different parts of the broad FAT1 region. The statistical analysis revealed that five of the sires were segregating at the QTL, two were negative while the data for three sires were inconclusive. We could confirm the QTL effects on fatness/meat content traits but not for the growth traits implying that growth and fatness are controlled by distinct QTLs on chromosome 4. Two of the segregating sires showed highly significant QTL effects that were as large as previously observed in the F2 generation. The estimates for the remaining three sires, which were all heterozygous for smaller fragments of the actual region, were markedly smaller. With the sample sizes used in the present study we cannot with great confidence determine whether these smaller effects in some sires are due to chance deviations, epistatic interactions or whether FAT1 is composed of two or more QTLs, each one with a smaller phenotypic effect. Under the assumption of a single locus, the critical region for FAT1 has been reduced to a 3.3 cM interval between the RXRG and SDHC loci. CONCLUSION We have further characterized the FAT1 QTL on pig chromosome 4 and refined its map position considerably, from a QTL interval of 70 cM to a maximum region of 20 cM and a probable region as small as 3.3 cM. The flanking markers for the small region are RXRG and SDHC and the orthologous region of FAT1 in the human genome is located on HSA1q23.3 and harbors approximately 20 genes. Our strategy to further refine the map position of this major QTL will be i) to type new markers in our pigs that are recombinant in the QTL interval and ii) to perform Identity-By-Descent (IBD) mapping across breeds that have been strongly selected for lean growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Susanne Stern
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Kjell Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 24, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Maria Moller
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
- Experimental Medicine Unit, School of Medicine, University of Wales, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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Kim JW, Zhao SH, Uthe JJ, Bearson SMD, Tuggle CK. Physical mapping of eight pig genes whose expression level is acutely affected by Salmonella challenge. Anim Genet 2005; 36:359-62. [PMID: 16026354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Current Research Status for Economically Important and Disease Related Genes in Major Livestock Species. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2005.47.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Demeure O, Pomp D, Milan D, Rothschild MF, Tuggle CK. Mapping of 443 porcine EST improves the comparative maps for SSC1 and SSC7 with the human genome. Anim Genet 2005; 36:381-9. [PMID: 16167980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous mapping studies of complex traits in the pig have resulted in quantitative trait loci (QTL) intervals of 10-20 cM. To improve the chances to identify the genes located in such intervals, increased expressed sequence tags (EST)-based marker density, coupled with comparative mapping with species whose genomes have been sequenced such as human and mouse, is the most efficient tool. In this study, we mapped 443 porcine EST with a radiation hybrid (RH) panel (384 had LOD > 6.0) and a somatic cell hybrid panel. Requiring no discrepancy between two-point and multipoint RH data allowed robust assignment of 309 EST, of which most were located on porcine chromosomes (SSC) 1, 4, 7, 8 and X. Moreover, we built framework maps for two chromosomes, SSC1 and SSC7, with mapped QTL in regions with known rearrangement between pig and human genomes. Using the Blast tool, we found orthologies between 407 of the 443 pig cDNA sequences and human genes, or to existing pig genes. Our porcine/human comparative mapping results reveal possible new homologies for SSC1, SSC3, SSC5, SSC6, SSC12 and SSC14 and add markers in synteny breakpoints for chromosome 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Demeure
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, BP52627, France
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Mercadé A, Estellé J, Noguera JL, Folch JM, Varona L, Silió L, Sánchez A, Pérez-Enciso M. On growth, fatness, and form: A further look at porcine Chromosome 4 in an Iberian × Landrace cross. Mamm Genome 2005; 16:374-82. [PMID: 16104385 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-2447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A crossed population between Iberian x Landrace pigs consisting of 321 F2, 87 F3, and 85 backcross individuals has been analyzed to refine the number and positions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting shape, growth, fatness, and meat quality traits in SSC4. A multitrait multi-QTL approach has been used. Our results suggest that carcass length and shoulder weight are affected by two loci. The first one, close to the AFABP gene, has a very strong pleiotropic effect on fatness, whereas the second one, in the interval between S0073 and S0214, also affects live weight, although to a lesser extent. This latter QTL would correspond to the FAT1 locus described initially in pigs. It seems that SSC4's loci play an important role in redistributing total weight, and the Landrace allele increases shoulder weight and carcass length much more than ham or total weight. Furthermore, there is also strong evidence of additional loci influencing pH and color in more distant, telomeric positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mercadé
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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