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De Barros Oliveira R, Anselmi M, Marchette RCN, Roversi K, Fadanni GP, De Carvalho LM, Damasceno S, Heinrich IA, Leal RB, Cavalli J, Moreira-Júnior RE, Godard ALB, Izídio GS. Differential expression of alpha-synuclein in the hippocampus of SHR and SLA16 isogenic rat strains. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114835. [PMID: 38151185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Two inbred strains, Lewis (LEW) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), are well-known for their contrasting behavior related to anxiety/emotionality. Studies with these two strains led to the discovery of the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosome 4 (Anxrr16). To better understand the influences of this genomic region, the congenic rat strain SLA16 (SHR.LEW-Anxrr16) was developed. SLA16 rats present higher hyperactivity/impulsivity, deficits in learning and memory, and lower basal blood pressure than the SHR strain, even though genetic differences between them are only in chromosome 4. Thus, the present study proposed the alpha-synuclein and the dopaminergic system as candidates to explain the differential behavior of SHR and SLA16 strains. To accomplish this, beyond the behavioral analysis, we performed (I) the Snca gene expression and (II) quantification of the alpha-synuclein protein in the hippocampus (HPC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum (STR) of SHR and SLA16 strains; (III) sequencing of the 3'UTR of the Snca gene; and (IV) evaluation of miRNA binding in the 3'UTR site. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was identified in the 3'UTR of the Snca gene, which exhibited upregulation in the HPC of SHR compared to SLA16 females. Alpha-synuclein protein was higher in the HPC of SHR males compared to SLA16 males. The results of this work suggested that differences in alpha-synuclein HPC content could be influenced by miRNA regulation and associated with behavioral differences between SHR and SLA16 animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel De Barros Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mayara Anselmi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Katiane Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pasetto Fadanni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luana Martins De Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samara Damasceno
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Bainy Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cavalli
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Brunialti Godard
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Ramos A, Granzotto N, Kremer R, Boeder AM, de Araújo JFP, Pereira AG, Izídio GS. Hunting for Genes Underlying Emotionality in the Laboratory Rat: Maps, Tools and Traps. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1840-1863. [PMID: 36056863 PMCID: PMC10514530 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220901154034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have systematically investigated the hereditary bases of behaviors since the 19th century, moved by either evolutionary questions or clinically-motivated purposes. The pioneer studies on the genetic selection of laboratory animals had already indicated, one hundred years ago, the immense complexity of analyzing behaviors that were influenced by a large number of small-effect genes and an incalculable amount of environmental factors. Merging Mendelian, quantitative and molecular approaches in the 1990s made it possible to map specific rodent behaviors to known chromosome regions. From that point on, Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analyses coupled with behavioral and molecular techniques, which involved in vivo isolation of relevant blocks of genes, opened new avenues for gene mapping and characterization. This review examines the QTL strategy applied to the behavioral study of emotionality, with a focus on the laboratory rat. We discuss the challenges, advances and limitations of the search for Quantitative Trait Genes (QTG) playing a role in regulating emotionality. For the past 25 years, we have marched the long journey from emotionality-related behaviors to genes. In this context, our experiences are used to illustrate why and how one should move forward in the molecular understanding of complex psychiatric illnesses. The promise of exploring genetic links between immunological and emotional responses are also discussed. New strategies based on humans, rodents and other animals (such as zebrafish) are also acknowledged, as they are likely to allow substantial progress to be made in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ramos
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Natalli Granzotto
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kremer
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ariela Maína Boeder
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Julia Fernandez Puñal de Araújo
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Aline Guimarães Pereira
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Redina OE, Smolenskaya SE, Markel AL. Genetic Control of the Behavior of ISIAH Rats in the Open Field Test. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anjos PAR, Marchette RCN, Kremer R, Granzotto N, Alves TM, Fadanni GP, Mazur FG, Anton EL, da Silva-Santos JE, Linder ÁE, Izídio GS. The influence of chromosome 4 on high ethanol consumption and blood pressure. Alcohol 2022; 102:1-10. [PMID: 35500756 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) strain was developed through selective breeding for high systolic blood pressure. In our laboratory, we established a congenic rat strain named SHR.Lewis-Anxrr16 (SLA16). The SLA16 rat strain is genetically identical to the SHR except for the inserted Anxrr16 region in chromosome 4. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of this genomic region on ethanol consumption and blood pressure. First, we exposed SHR and SLA16 male and female rats to ethanol consumption. Results showed that, regardless of strain, females consumed more ethanol than males during forced (10% v/v) and spontaneous ethanol consumption (SEC; 2.5-20% v/v). Then, females from both strains were used to evaluate sensitivity to ethanol. No strain differences in the loss of righting reflex were observed after ethanol treatment (3 g/kg, 20% w/v, intraperitoneal [i.p.]). But, in the triple test, female SHR rats presented lower sensitivity to the ethanol (1.2 g/kg, 14% w/v, i.p.). Surprisingly, female SHR rats also presented higher blood pressure after SEC (10% v/v). Finally, losartan treatment was effective in decreasing the blood pressure of female rats of both strains, but had specific effects on SHR ethanol consumption. Our data suggest that SLA16 female rats consume less ethanol (10%), are more sensitive to its effects, and present lower blood pressure than SHR female rats. We demonstrated that the Anxrr16 locus in chromosome 4 is a genetic candidate to explain high ethanol consumption and blood pressure, at least in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Cristina Nunes Marchette
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rafael Kremer
- Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology, and Genetics - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Medicine - Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalli Granzotto
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thalita Mello Alves
- Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology, and Genetics - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pasetto Fadanni
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology, and Genetics - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gabriel Mazur
- Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology, and Genetics - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elaine Leocádia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Áurea Elizabeth Linder
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Department of Pharmacology - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology, and Genetics - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Velázquez AM, Roversi K, Dillenburg-Pilla P, Rodrigues RF, Zárate-Bladés CR, Prediger RDS, Izídio GS. The influence of chromosome 4 on metabolism and spatial memory in SHR and SLA16 rat strains. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111966. [PMID: 31125622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) has been proposed as a good model to study the pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases and glucose intolerance. Our research group developed the SLA16 (SHR.LEW-Anxrr16) congenic strain, which is genetically identical to the SHR strain, except for a locus on chromosome 4 (DGR). We applied in silico analysis on DGR to evaluate the association of their genes with neurobiological and metabolic pathways. After, we characterized cholesterol, triglycerides, metabolism of glucose and the behavioral performance of young (2 months old) and adult (8 months old) SHR and SLA16 rats in the open field, object location and water maze tasks. Finally, naïve young rats were repeatedly treated with metformin (200 mg/kg; v.o.) and evaluated in the same tests. Bioinformatics analysis showed that DGR presents genes related to glucose metabolism, oxidative damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Young SLA16 presented higher cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and locomotion in the open field than SHR rats. In adulthood, SLA16 rats presented high triglycerides and locomotion in the open field and impairment on spatial learning and memory. Finally, the treatment with metformin decreased the glucose tolerance curve and also improved long-term memory in SLA16 rats. These results indicate that DGR presents genes associated with metabolic pathways and neurobiological processes that may produce alterations in glucose metabolism and spatial learning/memory. Therefore, we suggest that SHR and SLA16 strains could be important for the study of genes and subsequent mechanisms that produce metabolic glucose alterations and age-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Katiane Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patricia Dillenburg-Pilla
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel S Prediger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Effects of Repeated Treatment with Midazolam in SHR and SLA16 Rat Strains in the Triple Test. Behav Genet 2018; 48:440-450. [PMID: 30232575 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-018-9922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We exposed male and female rats of SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) and SLA16 (SHR.LEW-Anxrr16) strains, in a non-drugged state, for five consecutive days to the Triple Test (experiment 1); or after repeated treatment with midazolam (MDZ), for four consecutive days. The fifth day was performed without treatment (experiment 2). The first experiment showed that males did not avoid and females increased the exploration of the open arms over the days. In experiment 2, SLA16 from both sexes approached more the open arms than SHR rats. The MDZ anxiolytic-like effect was sustained in both strains and sexes over the days. On the fifth day, SLA16 still approached more the open arms than SHR rats. Data suggest an absence of repeated-trial tolerance to MDZ anxiolytic-like effects. Testing the SHR and SLA16 strains, especially females, could be necessary for the future search for the genes and molecular pathways underlying anxiety/emotionality.
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Iancu OD, Colville AM, Wilmot B, Searles R, Darakjian P, Zheng C, McWeeney S, Kawane S, Crabbe JC, Metten P, Oberbeck D, Hitzemann R. Gender-Specific Effects of Selection for Drinking in the Dark on the Network Roles of Coding and Noncoding RNAs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1454-1465. [PMID: 29786871 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional differences between heterogeneous stock mice and high drinking-in-the-dark selected mouse lines have previously been described based on microarray technology coupled with network-based analysis. The network changes were reproducible in 2 independent selections and largely confined to 2 distinct network modules; in contrast, differential expression appeared more specific to each selected line. This study extends these results by utilizing RNA-Seq technology, allowing evaluation of the relationship between genetic risk and transcription of noncoding RNA (ncRNA); we additionally evaluate sex-specific transcriptional effects of selection. METHODS Naïve mice (N = 24/group and sex) were utilized for gene expression analysis in the ventral striatum; the transcriptome was sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis were implemented largely as described elsewhere, resulting in the identification of genes that change expression level or (co)variance structure. RESULTS Across both sexes, we detect selection effects on the extracellular matrix and synaptic signaling, although the identity of individual genes varies. A majority of nc RNAs cluster in a single module of relatively low density in both the male and female network. The most strongly differentially expressed transcript in both sexes was Gm22513, a small nuclear RNA with unknown function. Associated with selection, we also found a number of network hubs that change edge strength and connectivity. At the individual gene level, there are many sex-specific effects; however, at the annotation level, results are more concordant. CONCLUSIONS In addition to demonstrating sex-specific effects of selection on the transcriptome, the data point to the involvement of extracellular matrix genes as being associated with the binge drinking phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Dan Iancu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alex M Colville
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert Searles
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Priscila Darakjian
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sunita Kawane
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John C Crabbe
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela Metten
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon
| | - Denesa Oberbeck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Pértile RAN, Corvino ME, Marchette RCN, Pavesi E, Cavalli J, Ramos A, Izídio GS. The Quinpirole Hypolocomotive Effects are Strain and Route of Administration Dependent in SHR and SLA16 Isogenic Rats. Behav Genet 2017; 47:552-563. [PMID: 28822047 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The SHR and SLA16 inbred strains present behavioral differences in anxiety/emotionality that could be under the influence of dopaminergic neurotransmission. In order to investigate the role of D2 receptors in modulating such differences, an agonist (quinpirole) and an antagonist (haloperidol) of this receptor were administered, either via systemic injection (IP), or microinjected into the ventral area of the hippocampus (vHIP). Quinpirole and haloperidol IP decreased locomotor activity, only in SLA16 rats in the open-field (OF), and in both strains in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Quinpirole also increased the preference for the aversive areas of the EPM. Quinpirole vHIP decreased locomotor activity in both strains. Haloperidol vHIP did not elicit behavioural changes and no differences in the levels of D2 receptors and of dopamine transporter in the hippocampus were found. Results indicate that systemic activation/blocking of D2 receptors caused a strain-dependent hypolocomotion, whereas activation of D2 receptors in the vHIP, but not D2 receptor antagonism, regardless of dose, decreased general locomotor activity in the two strains. Therefore, we suggest that genomic differences in the chromosome 4 can influence the locomotor activity regulated by the D2 dopaminergic receptor, especially in the vHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A N Pértile
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - M E Corvino
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R C N Marchette
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - E Pavesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - J Cavalli
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Ramos
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - G S Izídio
- Laboratory of Behavior Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Mazur FG, Oliveira LFG, Cunha MP, Rodrigues ALS, Pértile RAN, Vendruscolo LF, Izídio GS. Effects of physical exercise and social isolation on anxiety-related behaviors in two inbred rat strains. Behav Processes 2017; 142:70-78. [PMID: 28602748 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of physical exercise (PE) on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in Lewis (LEW) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) male rats. Rats received either four weeks of forced training, 5days/week, on a treadmill (experiment 1) or were given 21days of free access to running wheels (experiment 2). We also tested the effects of social isolation (SI) (seven days of isolation - experiment 3) on behavior. In experiment 1, 20% of LEW rats and 63% of SHR rats completed the training protocol. PE significantly increased central and peripheral locomotion in the open field (OF) and entries into the open arms in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) in both strains. In experiment 2, the distance traveled by SHR rats on running wheels was significantly higher compared with LEW rats. PE on running wheels also increased the time spent in the center of the OF in SHR rats only. In experiment 3, SI decreased central and peripheral locomotion in the OF in both strains. In summary, forced PE on a treadmill reduced anxiety-like behavior and increased locomotion in male rats of both strains, whereas voluntary PE on running wheels decreased anxiety-like behavior in SHR rats only. SI decreased locomotion in both strains in the OF. This study suggests that spontaneous activity levels are genotype-dependent and the effects of PE depend on the type of exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Mazur
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L F G Oliveira
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A L S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - R A N Pértile
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L F Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, MD 21224, Baltimore, USA
| | - G S Izídio
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Silva AF, Sousa DS, Medeiros AM, Macêdo PT, Leão AH, Ribeiro AM, Izídio GS, Silva RH. Sex and estrous cycle influence diazepam effects on anxiety and memory: Possible role of progesterone. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:68-76. [PMID: 27208614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies with rodents and humans show the relationship between female sex hormones and cognitive/emotional tasks. However, despite the greater incidence of anxiety disorders in women, the data are still inconclusive regarding the mechanisms related to this phenomenon. We evaluated the effects of a classical anxiolytic/amnestic drug (diazepam; DZP) on female (at different estrous cycle phases) and male rats tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT), that allows the concomitant evaluation of memory and anxiety-like behavior. Further, in order to investigate the role of progesterone and its metabolites in the effects of DZP in the PMDAT, female rats were pre-treated with the progesterone receptor antagonist mifepristone or the 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride. The main findings were: (1) DZP caused memory impairment and anxiolysis in both sexes, but only the highest dose induced the anxiolytic effect in females; (2) females in proestrus did not present the amnestic and anxiolytic effects of DZP (at 2.0 and 4.0mg/kg, respectively) and (3) the co-administration of mifepristone reestablished both amnestic and anxiolytic effects of DZP, while finasteride reinstated the amnestic effect in proestrus female rats. These results suggest that changes in the endogenous levels of progesterone and its metabolites are important in the modulation of emotional/cognitive behavior in female rats. Based on the influence on different aspects of DZP action, the mechanisms related to this modulation are probably linked to GABAergic transmission, but this point remains to be investigated. Further, the variation in therapeutic and adverse effects of DZP depending on sex and hormonal state is of great relevance considering the higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatildes Feitosa Silva
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Diego Silveira Sousa
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - André Macêdo Medeiros
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Tavares Macêdo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Anderson Henrique Leão
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Biosciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Anselmi M, Correa FJ, Santos JR, Silva AF, Cunha JA, Leão AHF, Campêlo CLC, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH, Izídio GS. Genetic evidence for chromosome 4 loci influencing learning and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 131:182-91. [PMID: 27044679 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis (LEW) and SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) inbred rat strains differ in several anxiety/emotionality and learning/memory-related behaviors. We aimed to search quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influence these behaviors and confirm their effects in a congenic rat strain SLA16 (SHR.LEW.Anxrr16). LEW females and SHR males were intercrossed to produce F2 rats (96/sex), which were all tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT), open-field (OF), object recognition (OR), spontaneous alternation (SA) and fear conditioning (FC). All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers located on chromosome (Chr) 4. Behavioral and genotypic data were used to perform factor and QTL analyses. Also, to confirm the QTL effects, we tested male and female SLA16 rats and their isogenic control SHR in the same behavioral tests. A factor analysis of the F2 population revealed a correlation between anxiety/emotionality related behaviors and learning/memory in both sexes. QTL analysis revealed two significant QTL in males and three in females, on behavioral parameters in the PMDAT, OF and FC. Four QTL found herein were confirmed in SLA16 rats. The SLA16 strain displayed lower levels of anxiety/emotionality, higher locomotor activity and deficits in learning/memory in comparison with SHR strain. The Chr 4 contains genes influencing anxiety/emotionality and learning/memory behaviors and the SLA16 strain represents a valuable tool in the search for them. The use of the SLA16 strain as a genetic model for studying behavioral phenomena and their implications for psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Anselmi
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Junkes Correa
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Anatildes Feitosa Silva
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Cunha
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Anderson Henrique Figueiredo Leão
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Loureiro Chagas Campêlo
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociências e Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudo da Memória em Roedores, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Kokras N, Antoniou K, Mikail HG, Kafetzopoulos V, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Dalla C. Forced swim test: What about females? Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:408-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vanderlinden LA, Saba LM, Bennett B, Hoffman PL, Tabakoff B. Influence of sex on genetic regulation of "drinking in the dark" alcohol consumption. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:43-56. [PMID: 25559016 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ILSXISS (LXS) recombinant inbred (RI) panel of mice is a valuable resource for genetic mapping studies of complex traits, due to its genetic diversity and large number of strains. Male and female mice from this panel were used to investigate genetic influences on alcohol consumption in the "drinking in the dark" (DID) model. Male mice (38 strains) and female mice (36 strains) were given access to 20% ethanol during the early phase of their circadian dark cycle for four consecutive days. The first principal component of alcohol consumption measures on days 2, 3, and 4 was used as a phenotype (DID phenotype) to calculate QTLs, using a SNP marker set for the LXS RI panel. Five QTLs were identified, three of which included a significant genotype by sex interaction, i.e., a significant genotype effect in males and not females. To investigate candidate genes associated with the DID phenotype, data from brain microarray analysis (Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0 ST Arrays) of male LXS RI strains were combined with RNA-Seq data (mouse brain transcriptome reconstruction) from the parental ILS and ISS strains in order to identify expressed mouse brain transcripts. Candidate genes were determined based on common eQTL and DID phenotype QTL regions and correlation of transcript expression levels with the DID phenotype. The resulting candidate genes (in particular, Arntl/Bmal1) focused attention on the influence of circadian regulation on the variation in the DID phenotype in this population of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Vanderlinden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd., Campus Box: C238, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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de Medeiros GF, Pereira E, Granzotto N, Ramos A. Low-anxiety rat phenotypes can be further reduced through genetic intervention. PLoS One 2014; 8:e83666. [PMID: 24386249 PMCID: PMC3875470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study using an intercross between the inbred rat strains Lewis (LEW) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) identified a locus on chromosome 4, named Anxrr16, influencing an experimental index of anxiety and showing a transgressive effect, with alleles from the LEW strain (more anxious) decreasing rather than increasing anxiety. OBJECTIVE To confirm the location and isolate the effect of a rat genome region named Anxrr16 through a planned genomic recombination strategy, where the target locus in SHR rats was replaced with LEW genetic material. METHODS A new congenic strain, named SHR.LEW-Anxrr16 (SLA16), was developed from a cross between LEW (donor) and SHR (receptor) rats and then evaluated in several anxiety-related tests. The activity and attention levels of the new strain were also evaluated, since hyperactivity was observed during its construction and because SHR is a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. RESULTS Significant effects of Anxrr16 were found for open field central locomotion, as well as for other indices of anxiety from the light/dark box, triple test and T-maze. In all cases, the low-anxiety levels of SHR rats were further reduced by the insertion of LEW alleles. Differences in locomotor activity were found only in unfamiliar (hence stressful) environments and no genetic effects were observed in indices of attention. CONCLUSION The SLA16 strain can help in the identification of the molecular pathways involved in experimental anxiety and it demonstrates how apparently extreme phenotypes sometimes hide major opposite-acting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ferreira de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elayne Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalli Granzotto
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André Ramos
- Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Crabbe JC. Rodent models of genetic contributions to motivation to abuse alcohol. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2014; 61:5-29. [PMID: 25306777 PMCID: PMC4988659 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0653-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In summary, there are remarkably few studies focused on the genetic contributions to alcohol's reinforcing values. Almost all such studies examine the two-bottle preference test. Despite the deficiencies I have raised in its interpretation, a rodent genotype's willingness to drink ethanol when water is freely available offers a reasonable aggregate estimate of alcohol's reinforcing value relative to other genotypes (Green and Grahame 2008). As indicated above, however, preference drinking studies will likely never avoid the confounding role of taste preferences and most often yield intake levels not sufficient to yield a pharmacologically significant BAL. Thus, the quest for improved measures of reinforcing value continues. Of the potential motivational factors considered by McClearn in his seminal review in this series, we can safely conclude that rodent alcohol drinking is not primarily directed at obtaining calories. The role of taste (and odor) remains a challenge. McClearn appears to have been correct that especially those genotypes that avoid alcohol are probably doing so based on preingestive sensory cues; however, postingestive consequences are also important. Cunningham's intragastric model shows the role of both preingestional and postingestional modulating factors for the best known examples, the usually nearly absolutely alcohol-avoiding DBA/2J and HAP-2 mice. Much subsequent data reinforce McClearn's earlier conclusion that C57BL/6J mice, at least, do not regulate their intake around a given self-administered dose of alcohol by adjusting their intake. This leaves us with the puzzle of why nearly all genotypes, even those directionally selectively bred for high voluntary intake for many generations, fail to self-administer intoxicating amounts of alcohol. Since McClearn's review, many ingenious assays to index alcohol's motivational effects have been used extensively, and new methods for inducing dependence have supplanted the older ones prevalent in 1968. I have tried to identify promising areas where the power of genetics could be fruitfully harvested and generally feel that we have a much more clear idea now about some important experiments remaining to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Crabbe
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, and VA Medical Center (R&D 12), 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239 USA, Phone: 503-273-5298, FAX: 503-721-1029
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Medeiros GFD, Corrêa FJ, Corvino ME, Izídio GDS, Ramos A. The Long Way from Complex Phenotypes to Genes: The Story of Rat Chromosome 4 and Its Behavioral Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2014.43024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Korbolina EE, Kozhevnikova OS, Stefanova NA, Kolosova NG. Quantitative trait loci on chromosome 1 for cataract and AMD-like retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:49-59. [PMID: 22300709 PMCID: PMC3292905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract are common age-related diseases in humans. Previously we showed that senescence-accelerated OXYS rats develop retinopathy and cataract, which are comparable to human AMD and senile cataract. Here we focused on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which affect early-onset cataract and retinopathy in OXYS rats, using F2 hybrids bred by a reciprocal cross (OXYS×WAG and WAG×OXYS). Chromosome 1 showed significant associations between retinopathy and loci in the regions of markers D1Rat30 and D1Rat219 (QTL1) as well as D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2); and between early cataract development with the locus in the region of the markers D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2). To determine the effects of these QTLs, we generated two congenic strains by transferring chromosome 1 regions from OXYS into WAG background. Both congenic strains (named WAG/OXYS-1.1 and WAG/OXYS-1.2, respectively) display early cataract and retinopathy development. Thus, we confirmed that genes located in the analyzed regions of chromosome 1 are associated with the development of these diseases in OXYS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Korbolina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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