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Morito D. Molecular structure and function of mysterin/RNF213. J Biochem 2024; 175:495-505. [PMID: 38378744 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mysterin is a large intracellular protein harboring a RING finger ubiquitin ligase domain and is also referred to as RING finger protein 213 (RNF213). The author performed the first molecular cloning of the mysterin gene as the final step in genetic exploration of cerebrovascular moyamoya disease (MMD) and initiated the next round of exploration to understand its molecular and cellular functions. Although much remains unknown, accumulating findings suggest that mysterin functions in cells by targeting massive intracellular structures, such as lipid droplets (LDs) and various invasive pathogens. In the latter case, mysterin appears to directly surround and ubiquitylate the surface of pathogens and stimulate cell-autonomous antimicrobial reactions, such as xenophagy and inflammatory response. To date, multiple mutations causing MMD have been identified within and near the RING finger domain of mysterin; however, their functional relevance remains largely unknown. Besides the RING finger, mysterin harbors a dynein-like ATPase core and an RZ finger, another ubiquitin ligase domain unique to mysterin, while functional exploration of these domains has also just commenced. In this review, the author attempts to summarize the core findings regarding the molecular structure and function of the mysterin protein, with an emphasis on the perspective of MMD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Morito
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai 1-5-8, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
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2
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Oesch G, Münger R, Steinlin M. Be aware of childhood stroke: Proceedings from EPNS Webinar. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 49:82-94. [PMID: 38447504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Childhood arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a significant health concern with increasing incidence. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of childhood AIS. The incidence of childhood AIS is on the rise especially in developing countries, likely due to improved awareness and diagnostic capabilities. Aetiology of childhood AIS is multifactorial, with both modifiable risk factors and genetic predisposition playing important roles. Identifying and addressing these risk factors, such as infection, sickle cell disease, and congenital heart defects, is essential in prevention and management. Identifying underlying conditions through genetic testing is important for appropriate management and long-term prognosis. Clinically, distinguishing stroke from stroke mimics can be challenging. Awareness of important stroke mimics, including migraines, seizures, and metabolic disorders, is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment. The diagnostic approach to childhood AIS involves a comprehensive "chain of care," including initial assessment, neuroimaging, and laboratory investigations. National guidelines play a pivotal role in standardizing and streamlining the diagnostic process, ensuring prompt and accurate management. Early intervention is critical in the management of childhood AIS. Due to the critical time window, the question if mechanical thrombectomy is feasible and beneficial should be addressed as fast as possible. Early initiation of antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy and, in select cases, thrombolysis can help restore blood flow and minimize long-term neurological damage. Additionally, rehabilitation should start as soon as possible to optimize recovery and improve functional outcomes. In conclusion, childhood AIS is a growing concern. Understanding the increasing incidence, age distribution, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies is crucial for optimized management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Oesch
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robin Münger
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maja Steinlin
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Matta SK, Kohio HP, Chandra P, Brown A, Doench JG, Philips JA, Ding S, Sibley LD. Genome-wide and targeted CRISPR screens identify RNF213 as a mediator of interferon gamma-dependent pathogen restriction in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315865120. [PMID: 38147552 PMCID: PMC10769850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315865120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To define cellular immunity to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screen to identify genes important for (interferon gamma) IFN-γ-dependent growth restriction. We revealed a role for the tumor suppressor NF2/Merlin for maximum induction of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISG), which are positively regulated by the transcription factor IRF-1. We then performed an ISG-targeted CRISPR screen that identified the host E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 as necessary for IFN-γ-mediated control of T. gondii in multiple human cell types. RNF213 was also important for control of bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and viral (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus) pathogens in human cells. RNF213-mediated ubiquitination of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) led to growth restriction of T. gondii in response to IFN-γ. Moreover, overexpression of RNF213 in naive cells also impaired growth of T. gondii. Surprisingly, growth inhibition did not require the autophagy protein ATG5, indicating that RNF213 initiates restriction independent of a previously described noncanonical autophagy pathway. Mutational analysis revealed that the ATPase domain of RNF213 was required for its recruitment to the PVM, while loss of a critical histidine in the RZ finger domain resulted in partial reduction of recruitment to the PVM and complete loss of ubiquitination. Both RNF213 mutants lost the ability to restrict growth of T. gondii, indicating that both recruitment and ubiquitination are required. Collectively, our findings establish RNF213 as a critical component of cell-autonomous immunity that is both necessary and sufficient for control of intracellular pathogens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Matta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Hinissan P. Kohio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Pallavi Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Adam Brown
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - John G. Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Jiang L, Liu Y, Zhang L. The emerging role of E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 as an antimicrobial host determinant. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1205355. [PMID: 37655297 PMCID: PMC10465799 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1205355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) is a large E3 ubiquitin ligase with a molecular weight of 591 kDa that is associated with moyamoya disease, a rare cerebrovascular disease. It is located in the cytosol and perinuclear space. Missense mutations in this gene have been found to be more prevalent in patients with moyamoya disease compared with that in healthy individuals. Understanding the molecular function of RNF213 could provide insights into moyamoya disease. RNF213 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain with an E3 ubiquitin ligase domain and six AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domains. It is the only known protein with both AAA+ ATPase and ubiquitin ligase activities. Recent studies have highlighted the role of RNF213 in fighting against microbial infections, including viruses, parasites, bacteria, and chlamydiae. This review aims to summarize the recent research progress on the mechanisms of RNF213 in pathogenic infections, which will aid researchers in understanding the antimicrobial role of RNF213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Walsh SC, Reitano JR, Dickinson MS, Kutsch M, Hernandez D, Barnes AB, Schott BH, Wang L, Ko DC, Kim SY, Valdivia RH, Bastidas RJ, Coers J. The bacterial effector GarD shields Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions from RNF213-mediated ubiquitylation and destruction. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1671-1684.e9. [PMID: 36084633 PMCID: PMC9772000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections and a major threat to women's reproductive health in particular. This obligate intracellular pathogen resides and replicates within a cellular compartment termed an inclusion, where it is sheltered by unknown mechanisms from gamma-interferon (IFNγ)-induced cell-autonomous host immunity. Through a genetic screen, we uncovered the Chlamydia inclusion membrane protein gamma resistance determinant (GarD) as a bacterial factor protecting inclusions from cell-autonomous immunity. In IFNγ-primed human cells, inclusions formed by garD loss-of-function mutants become decorated with linear ubiquitin and are eliminated. Leveraging cellular genome-wide association data, we identified the ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF213 as a candidate anti-Chlamydia protein. We demonstrate that IFNγ-inducible RNF213 facilitates the ubiquitylation and destruction of GarD-deficient inclusions. Furthermore, we show that GarD operates as a cis-acting stealth factor barring RNF213 from targeting inclusions, thus functionally defining GarD as an RNF213 antagonist essential for chlamydial growth during IFNγ-stimulated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Walsh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Reitano
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary S. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dulcemaria Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alyson B. Barnes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Schott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raphael H. Valdivia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Bastidas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.,corresponding author and lead contact:
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Louvrier C, Awad F, Cosnes A, El Khouri E, Assrawi E, Daskalopoulou A, Copin B, Bocquet H, Chantot Bastaraud S, Arenas Garcia A, Dastot Le Moal F, De La Grange P, Duquesnoy P, Guerrera CI, Piterboth W, Ortonne N, Chosidow O, Karabina SA, Amselem S, Giurgea I. RNF213-associated urticarial lesions with hypercytokinemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1545-1555. [PMID: 35780935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urticarial lesions are observed in both cutaneous and systemic disorders. Familial forms of urticarial syndromes are rare and can be encountered in systemic autoinflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate a large family with dominantly inherited chronic urticarial lesions associated with hypercytokinemia. METHODS We performed a genetic linkage analysis in 14 patients from a 5-generation family, as well as whole-exome sequencing, cytokine profiling, and transcriptomic analyses on samples from 2 patients. The identified candidate protein was studied after in vitro expression of the corresponding normal and mutated recombinant proteins. An unsupervised proteomic approach was used to unveil the associated protein network. RESULTS The disease phenotype of the most affected family members is characterized by chronic urticarial flares associated with extremely high plasma levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]) cytokines, with no secondary organ dysfunction, no susceptibility to infections, no fever, and normal C-reactive protein levels. Monocyte transcriptomic analyses identified an immunotolerant profile in the most affected patient. The affected family members carried a loss-of-function mutation in RNF213 that encodes mysterin, a protein with a poorly known physiologic role. We identified the deubiquitinase CYLD, a major regulator of inflammation, as an RNF213 partner and showed that CYLD expression is inhibited by wild-type but not mutant RNF213. CONCLUSION We identified a new entity characterized by chronic urticarial lesions associated with a clinically blunted hypercytokinemia. This disease, which is due to loss of function of RNF213, reveals mysterin's key role in the complex molecular network of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Louvrier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Awad
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cosnes
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil and Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Elma El Khouri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Eman Assrawi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Aphrodite Daskalopoulou
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Copin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bocquet
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil and Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Sandra Chantot Bastaraud
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Angela Arenas Garcia
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Florence Dastot Le Moal
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Chiara I Guerrera
- Plateforme protéomique Necker, Université de Paris, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Inserm US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - William Piterboth
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ortonne
- Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Chosidow
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil and Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sonia A Karabina
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Childhood Genetic Disorders, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.
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Interferon-Inducible E3 Ligase RNF213 Facilitates Host-Protective Linear and K63-Linked Ubiquitylation of Toxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous Vacuoles. mBio 2022; 13:e0188822. [PMID: 36154443 PMCID: PMC9601232 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01888-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts and frequently causes zoonotic infections in humans. Whereas infected immunocompetent individuals typically remain asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals can manifest as a severe, potentially lethal disease, and congenital Toxoplasma infections are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The protective immune response of healthy individuals involves the production of lymphocyte-derived cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which elicits cell-autonomous immunity in host cells. IFN-γ-inducible antiparasitic defense programs comprise nutritional immunity, the production of noxious gases, and the ubiquitylation of the Toxoplasma-containing parasitophorous vacuole (PV). PV ubiquitylation prompts the recruitment of host defense proteins to the PV and the consequential execution of antimicrobial effector programs, which reduce parasitic burden. However, the ubiquitin E3 ligase orchestrating these events has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the IFN-γ-inducible E3 ligase RNF213 translocates to Toxoplasma PVs and facilitates PV ubiquitylation in human cells. Toxoplasma PVs become decorated with linear and K63-linked ubiquitin and recruit ubiquitin adaptor proteins in a process that is RNF213 dependent but independent of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). IFN-γ priming fails to restrict Toxoplasma growth in cells lacking RNF213 expression, thus identifying RNF213 as a potent executioner of ubiquitylation-driven antiparasitic host defense.
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Moyamoya disease emerging as an immune-related angiopathy. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:939-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Mineharu Y, Kamata T, Funaki T, Miyamoto S, Koizumi A, Harada KH. Lack of Association between Seropositivity of Vasculopathy-Related Viruses and Moyamoya Disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106509. [PMID: 35500358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the association between genetic factors, such as RNF213 mutations, and moyamoya disease (MMD) has been well investigated, environmental factors are largely undetermined. Thus, we aimed to examine whether viral infection increases the risk of MMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS To eliminate the effect of presence or absence of the RNF213 p.R4810K mutation, the entire study population was positive for this mutation. We collected whole blood from 111 patients with MMD (45 familial and 66 sporadic cases) and 67 healthy volunteers, and we measured the immunoglobulin G titer of 11 viruses (cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, rubella virus, herpes simplex virus, mumps virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus 6 [HHV6], human herpesvirus 8, and John Cunningham virus) that were presumed to be associated with vasculopathy using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positivity for past viral infection was determined by cut-off values obtained from previous reports and the manufacturer's instructions, and the positive rate was compared between cases and age- and sex-matched controls. We performed familial case-specific and sporadic case-specific analyses, as well as a case-control analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the positive rate between the case group and the control group in any of the analyses. A significant difference was only observed in the combined case-control analysis for HHV6 (p = 0.046), but the viral antibody-positive rate in control individuals was higher than in MMD cases. CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional study suggest that the investigated 11 viruses including HHV6 are unlikely to have an impact on MMD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Kamata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Social Health Medicine Welfare Laboratory, Public Interest Incorporated Association Kyoto Hokenkai, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Pollaci G, Gorla G, Potenza A, Carrozzini T, Canavero I, Bersano A, Gatti L. Novel Multifaceted Roles for RNF213 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094492. [PMID: 35562882 PMCID: PMC9099590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF213), also known as Mysterin, is the major susceptibility factor for Moyamoya Arteriopathy (MA), a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that often leads to brain stroke in adults and children. Although several rare RNF213 polymorphisms have been reported, no major susceptibility variant has been identified to date in Caucasian patients, thus frustrating the attempts to identify putative therapeutic targets for MA treatment. For these reasons, the investigation of novel biochemical functions, substrates and unknown partners of RNF213 will help to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of MA and will facilitate variant interpretations in a diagnostic context in the future. The aim of the present review is to discuss novel perspectives regarding emerging RNF213 roles in light of recent literature updates and dissect their relevance for understanding MA and for the design of future research studies. Since its identification, RNF213 involvement in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis has strengthened, together with its role in inflammatory signals and proliferation pathways. Most recent studies have been increasingly focused on its relevance in antimicrobial activity and lipid metabolism, highlighting new intriguing perspectives. The last area could suggest the main role of RNF213 in the proteasome pathway, thus reinforcing the hypotheses already previously formulated that depict the protein as an important regulator of the stability of client proteins involved in angiogenesis. We believe that the novel evidence reviewed here may contribute to untangling the complex and still obscure pathogenesis of MA that is reflected in the lack of therapies able to slow down or halt disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Pollaci
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
| | - Isabella Canavero
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Laura Gatti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Neurology IX Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-23942389
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11
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Thery F, Martina L, Asselman C, Zhang Y, Vessely M, Repo H, Sedeyn K, Moschonas GD, Bredow C, Teo QW, Zhang J, Leandro K, Eggermont D, De Sutter D, Boucher K, Hochepied T, Festjens N, Callewaert N, Saelens X, Dermaut B, Knobeloch KP, Beling A, Sanyal S, Radoshevich L, Eyckerman S, Impens F. Ring finger protein 213 assembles into a sensor for ISGylated proteins with antimicrobial activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5772. [PMID: 34599178 PMCID: PMC8486878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, ubiquitin-like protein that can conjugate to substrate proteins (ISGylation) to counteract microbial infection, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we use a virus-like particle trapping technology to identify ISG15-binding proteins and discover Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF213) as an ISG15 interactor and cellular sensor of ISGylated proteins. RNF213 is a poorly characterized, interferon-induced megaprotein that is frequently mutated in Moyamoya disease, a rare cerebrovascular disorder. We report that interferon induces ISGylation and oligomerization of RNF213 on lipid droplets, where it acts as a sensor for ISGylated proteins. We show that RNF213 has broad antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, counteracting infection with Listeria monocytogenes, herpes simplex virus 1, human respiratory syncytial virus and coxsackievirus B3, and we observe a striking co-localization of RNF213 with intracellular bacteria. Together, our findings provide molecular insights into the ISGylation pathway and reveal RNF213 as a key antimicrobial effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thery
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lia Martina
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Asselman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madeleine Vessely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Heidi Repo
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - George D Moschonas
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Bredow
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qi Wen Teo
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Leandro
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denzel Eggermont
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katie Boucher
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Festjens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antje Beling
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner side Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Lilliana Radoshevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Mineharu Y, Miyamoto S. RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: Key Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Vascular Stability. Front Neurol 2021; 12:687088. [PMID: 34381413 PMCID: PMC8350054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.687088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic chronically progressive cerebrovascular disease, which causes both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic studies identified RNF213/Mysterin and GUCY1A3 as disease-causing genes. They were also known to be associated with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, coronary artery disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. This review focused on these two molecules and their strong linker, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and caveolin to understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and related vascular diseases. They are important regulators of lipid metabolism especially lipotoxicity, NF-κB mediated inflammation, and nitric oxide-mediated vascular protection. Although intimal thickening with fibrosis and damaged vascular smooth muscle cells are the distinguishing features of moyamoya disease, origin of the fibrous tissue and the mechanism of smooth muscle cell damages remains not fully elucidated. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have long been a focus of interest, but other vascular components such as immune cells and extracellular matrix also need to be investigated in future studies. Molecular research on moyamoya disease would give us a clue to understand the mechanism preserving vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mineharu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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