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Deng J, Hua J, Zeng T, Que H, Zhang Q, Li Q, Xie J, Ouyang J. Associations between inflammatory burden index, prostate cancer, and mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals. World J Urol 2024; 42:538. [PMID: 39325178 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-05241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the inflammatory burden index (IBI) and its components for mortality risk among men aged 40 years and older. METHODS A total of 7,344 participants from the NHANES 2001-2010 were included. High PCa risk was defined as a %fPSA greater than 25% and a tPSA level less than 4.0 ng/mL. Cox regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between IBI, PCa risk, and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and random survival forest (RSF) model were utilized to evaluate the predictive value of IBI and its components for mortality. RESULTS Elevated IBI levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.08 [1.05-1.10]) and cancer mortality (HR = 1.11 [1.07-1.15]). High-risk PCa cases also exhibited elevated mortality risk (all-cause: HR = 1.35 [1.19-1.54]; cancer: HR = 1.65 [1.27-2.14]). Additionally, the combined effect of elevated IBI levels and high PCa risk showed a synergistic impact on mortality outcomes (all-cause: HR = 1.49 [1.27-1.74]; cancer: HR = 1.76 [1.29-2.40]). ROC curve analysis revealed that IBI had the highest AUC for predicting all-cause mortality (AUC = 0.690 at 3 years, 0.622 at 5 years, 0.634 at 10 years, and 0.632 at 15 years) compared to its individual components (CRP, NEU, LYM). RSF analysis highlighted IBI as the most significant predictor of all-cause and cancer mortality. CONCLUSION The combined effect of elevated IBI levels and high PCa risk demonstrated a synergistic impact on increased mortality risk among men aged 40 years and older. IBI demonstrated superior predictive performance for mortality outcomes compared to individual inflammatory markers. These findings underscore the potential utility of IBI as a prognostic biomarker for mortality risk assessment in individual with high PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899, Pinghai Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Jingqi Hua
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Hongliang Que
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No.16, Baita West Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215001, China.
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899, Pinghai Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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2
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Cheng X, Zeng Z, Yang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wang G. Novel cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNA signature to predict prognosis in prostate carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:105. [PMID: 36717792 PMCID: PMC9887873 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis, an emerging form of programmed cell death, has recently been identified. However, the association between cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature and the prognosis in prostate carcinoma remains elusive. This study aims to develop the novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature in prostate cancer and explore its latent molecular function. METHODS RNA-seq data and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA datasets. Then, cuproptosis-related gene was identified from the previous literature and further applied to screen the cuproptosis-related differentially expressed lncRNAs. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort or the validation cohort with a 1:1 ratio. Subsequently, the machine learning algorithms (Lasso and stepwise Cox (direction = both)) were used to construct a novel prognostic signature in the training cohorts, which was validated by the validation and the entire TCGA cohorts. The nomogram base on the lncRNA signature and several clinicopathological traits were constructed to predict the prognosis. Functional enrichment and immune analysis were performed to evaluate its potential mechanism. Furthermore, differences in the landscape of gene mutation, tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), drug sensitivity between both risk groups were also assessed to explicit their relationships. RESULTS The cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was constructed based on the differentially expressed cuproptosis-related lncRNAs, including AC005790.1, AC011472.4, AC099791.2, AC144450.1, LIPE-AS1, and STPG3-AS1. Kaplan-Meier survival and ROC curves demonstrate that the prognosis signature as an independent risk indicator had excellent potential to predict the prognosis in prostate cancer. The signature was closely associated with age, T stage, N stage, and the Gleason score. Immune analysis shows that the high-risk group was in an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Additionally, the significant difference in landscape of gene mutation, tumour mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and drug sensitivity between both risk groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS A novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was constructed using machine learning algorithms to predict the prognosis of prostate cancer. It was closely with associated with several common clinical traits, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, immune checkpoints, gene mutation, TMB, MSI, and the drug sensitivity, which may be useful to improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cheng
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Zhenhao Zeng
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Heng Yang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Yujun Chen
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Yifu Liu
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000 China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330000, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
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Human herpesvirus 8 infection is associated with prostate cancer among IFNL4-ΔG carriers. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00546-1. [PMID: 35468990 PMCID: PMC9592685 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The dinucleotide germline variant, rs368234815-ΔG, in the IFNL4 gene (IFNL4-ΔG) has been associated with prostate cancer among men at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections and reported to impair viral clearance. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seropositivity has been associated with prostate cancer in Tobago.
Methods
We examined whether the association of HHV-8 with prostate cancer is IFNL4-ΔG-dependent among 728 IFNL4-ΔG-genotyped cases and 813 genotyped population-based controls from the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control study. Associations between HHV-8 and prostate cancer were assessed in multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and stratified the analysis into men harboring the IFNL4-ΔG-variant and non-carriers (ΔG/ΔG or ΔG/TT vs. TT/TT).
Results
HHV-8 seropositivity was higher in cases than controls (11% vs. 6%) and this association was restricted to carriers of the ΔG allele (OR 2.19: 95% CI:1.38–3.48) in both African American (OR 1.96; 95% CI:1.08–3.56) and European American men (OR 2.59; 95% CI:1.20–5.56).
Conclusions
HHV-8 seropositivity is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in men harboring the IFNL4 rs368234815-ΔG variant. This study describes HHV-8 infection as a candidate prostate cancer risk factor in men with the IFNL4-ΔG genotype and supports the hypothesis that IFNL4-ΔG is a susceptibility factor that contributes to prostate cancer.
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Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Identifying Opportunities for Treatment and Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061367. [PMID: 35326519 PMCID: PMC8946208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease for men globally. Inflammation, an established hallmark of cancer, is frequently observed in the prostate, though its contribution to prostate cancer risks and outcomes is not fully understood. Prostate cancer is biologically and clinically heterogeneous, and there is now evidence that inflammation and immunological characteristics vary by the genomic and mutational landscape of the tumor. Moreover, it is now recognized that risk factor profiles vary between tumor subgroups, as defined by histopathological and molecular features. Here, we provide a review centered around the relationship between inflammation and prostate cancer, with a consideration of molecular tumor features and a particular focus on the advanced and lethal stages of disease. We summarize findings from epidemiological studies of the etiology and role of inflammation in prostate cancer. We discuss the pathology of prostate inflammation, and consider approaches for assessing the tumor immune microenvironment in epidemiological studies. We review emerging clinical therapies targeting immune biology within the context of prostate cancer. Finally, we consider potentially modifiable risk factors and corresponding lifestyle interventions that may affect prostate inflammation, impacting outcomes. These emerging insights will provide some hints for the development of treatment and prevention strategies for advanced and lethal prostate cancer.
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5
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Guner E, Danacioglu YO, Arikan Y, Seker KG, Polat S, Baytekin HF, Simsek A. The presence of chronic inflammation in positive prostate biopsy is associated with upgrading in radical prostatectomy. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021; 93:280-284. [PMID: 34839632 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.3.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the predictive effect of the presence of chronic prostatitis associated with prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate biopsy on Gleason score upgrade (GSU) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of 295 patients who underwent open or robotic RP with a diagnosis of localized PCa following biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups with and without GSU following RP. Predictive factors affecting GSU on biopsy were determined. The impact of chronic prostatitis associated with prostate cancer on GSU was examined via logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 224 patients with Gleason 3+3 scores on biopsy, 145 (64.7%) had Gleason upgrade, and 79 (35.2%) had no upgrade. Whilst comparing the two groups with and without Gleason upgrade in terms of patient age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, PSA density (PSAD), prostate volume (PV), neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, number of positive cores, percentage of positive cores, and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 score, no statistically significant difference was detected. The presence of chronic prostatitis associated with PCa was higher in the patient cohort with GSU in contrast to the other group (p < 0.001). According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of chronic prostatitis was identified to be an independent marker for GSU. CONCLUSIONS Pathologists and urologists should be careful regarding the possibility of a more aggressive tumor in the presence of chronic inflammation associated with PCa because inflammation within PCa was revealed to be linked with GSU after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Guner
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Yavuz Onur Danacioglu
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Yusuf Arikan
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Kamil Gokhan Seker
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Salih Polat
- Amasya University Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Amasya.
| | - Halil Firat Baytekin
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul.
| | - Abdulmuttalip Simsek
- University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
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Urinary PGE-M in Men with Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164073. [PMID: 34439226 PMCID: PMC8391815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Elevated levels of urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M), a marker of inflammation, have previously been associated with cancer incidence and metastasis. Studies investigating PGE-M in prostate cancer are lacking even though chronic inflammation is a candidate risk factor for the disease. We investigated the association of PGE-M with lethal prostate cancer. We measured PGE-M in the urine of men with prostate cancer and in men without prostate cancer (population controls). Our participants included African American and European American men. Because African American men die more frequently from prostate cancer than European American men, we investigated whether high PGE-M may contribute to the increased mortality among African American prostate cancer patients. We did not observe a relationship between PGE-M and prostate cancer aggressiveness or prostate cancer-specific mortality in our study population, neither in the combined cohort nor in the race/ethnicity stratified analysis. Interestingly, however, we observed a significant relationship between high PGE-M and all-cause mortality in African American men with prostate cancer. Yet, there was no association between high PGE-M and all-cause mortality when these men were regular aspirin users. Abstract Urinary PGE-M is a stable metabolite of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is a product of the inflammatory COX signaling pathway and has been associated with cancer incidence and metastasis. Its synthesis can be inhibited by aspirin. We investigated the association of PGE-M with lethal prostate cancer in a case–control study of African American (AA) and European American men. We measured urinary PGE-M using mass-spectrometry. Samples were obtained from 977 cases and 1022 controls at the time of recruitment. We applied multivariable logistic and Cox regression modeling to examine associations of PGE-M with prostate cancer and participant survival. Median survival follow-up was 8.4 years, with 246 deaths among cases. Self-reported aspirin use over the past 5 years was assessed with a questionnaire. Race/ethnicity was self-reported. Urinary PGE-M levels did not differ between men with prostate cancer and population-based controls. We observed no association between PGE-M and aggressive disease nor prostate-cancer-specific survival. However, we observed a statistically significant association between higher (>median) PGE-M and all-cause mortality in AA cases who did not regularly use aspirin (HR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.23–3.37). Among cases who reported using aspirin, there was no association. Our study does not support a meaningful association between urinary PGE-M and prostate cancer. Moreover, PGE-M levels were not associated with aggressive prostate cancer. However, the observed association between elevated PGE-M and all-cause mortality in AA non-aspirin users reinforces the potential benefit of aspirin to reduce mortality among AA men with prostate cancer.
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Kiely M, Milne GL, Minas TZ, Dorsey TH, Tang W, Smith CJ, Baker F, Loffredo CA, Yates C, Cook MB, Ambs S. Urinary Thromboxane B2 and Lethal Prostate Cancer in African American Men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:123-129. [PMID: 34264335 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a platelet- and cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoid that has been linked to metastasis. We investigated the role of TXA2 in the development of lethal prostate cancer in African American (AA) and European American (EA) men. METHODS We measured urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable metabolite of TXA2, with mass-spectrometry. Samples were obtained from 977 cases and 1022 controls at time of recruitment. We applied multivariable logistic and Cox regression modeling to examine associations of TXB2 with prostate cancer and patient survival. Median survival follow-up was 8.4 years with 246 deaths among cases. Aspirin use was assessed with a questionnaire. Race/ethnicity was self-reported. RESULTS Urinary TXB2 was inversely associated with aspirin use. High (> median) TXB2 was associated with prostate cancer in AA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.13-2.00) but not EA men (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.82-1.40), suggesting upregulated TXA2 synthesis in AA men with prostate cancer. High TXB2 was positively associated with metastatic prostate cancer (OR = 2.60, 95%CI = 1.08-6.28), compared with low (≤ median) TXB2. Furthermore, high TXB2 was also associated with all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.06-2.40) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio = 4.74, 95%CI = 1.62-13.88 in AA men only. CONCLUSION We report a distinct association of TXB2 with prostate cancer outcomes in AA men. In this high-risk group of men, upregulation of TXA2/TXB2 synthesis may promote metastasis and lethal disease. Our observation identifies a potential benefit of aspirin in preventing lethal prostate cancer through inhibition of TXA2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Kiely
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tsion Z Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl J Smith
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francine Baker
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Kiely M, Ambs S. Immune Inflammation Pathways as Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Lethal Prostate Cancer in African American Men. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2874. [PMID: 34207505 PMCID: PMC8227648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial improvements in cancer survival, not all population groups have benefitted equally from this progress. For prostate cancer, men of African descent in the United States and England continue to have about double the rate of fatal disease compared to other men. Studies suggest that when there is equal access to care, survival disparities are greatly diminished. However, notable differences exist in prostate tumor biology across population groups. Ancestral factors and disparate exposures can lead to altered tumor biology, resulting in a distinct disease etiology by population group. While equal care remains the key target to improve survival, additional efforts should be made to gain comprehensive knowledge of the tumor biology in prostate cancer patients of African descent. Such an approach may identify novel intervention strategies in the era of precision medicine. A growing body of evidence shows that inflammation and the immune response may play a distinct role in prostate cancer disparities. Low-grade chronic inflammation and an inflammatory tumor microenvironment are more prevalent in African American patients and have been associated with adverse outcomes. Thus, differences in activation of immune-inflammatory pathways between African American and European American men with prostate cancer may exist. These differences may influence the response to immune therapy which is consistent with recent observations. This review will discuss mechanisms by which inflammation may contribute to the disparate outcomes experienced by African American men with prostate cancer and how these immunogenic and inflammatory vulnerabilities could be exploited to improve their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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9
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Langston ME, Sfanos KS, Khan S, Nguyen TQ, De Marzo AM, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S. Why Do Epidemiologic Studies Find an Inverse Association Between Intraprostatic Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: A Possible Role for Colliding Bias? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:255-259. [PMID: 33547143 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an emerging risk factor for prostate cancer based largely on evidence from animal models and histopathologic observations. However, findings from patho-epidemiologic studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer have been less supportive, with inverse associations observed in many studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer diagnosis. Here, we propose collider stratification bias as a potential methodologic explanation for these inverse findings and provide strategies for conducting future etiologic studies of intraprostatic inflammation and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin E Langston
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saira Khan
- Epidemiology Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Trang Q Nguyen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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10
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Greenland NY, Cowan JE, Chan E, Carroll PR, Stohr BA, Simko JP. Prostate biopsy histopathologic features correlate with a commercial gene expression assay's reclassification of patient NCCN risk category. Prostate 2020; 80:1421-1428. [PMID: 32946625 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For biopsies with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 or 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer, the Genomic Prostate Score (GPS; OncotypeDx) is designed to predict severe pathology at prostatectomy, and, in some cases, recommends reclassification of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk category. We hypothesized that certain histopathologic features that were not considered in the original design of the assay actually would be associated with the NCCN risk category change indicated by GPS testing. METHODS For patients with recommended NCCN risk category change, the biopsy cores used for GPS were re-reviewed for stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and tumor nuclear polarization. RESULTS Of 520 patients from May 2011 to December 2018, GPS testing suggested NCCN risk reclassification in 131 (25%); 127 of these slides were available. Of these, the NCCN risk category increased from intermediate to high in 8, low to intermediate in 15, very low to low in 1, and decreased from intermediate to low in 32, and low to very low in 71. Biopsies with NCCN risk increase were associated with moderate or severe stromal reaction (p < .001) and chronic inflammation (p < .001); biopsies with NCCN risk decrease were associated with absence of these features. In Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 cases (n = 93), presence of nuclear polarization was associated with NCCN risk decrease and its absence with increase (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Moderate or severe stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and lack of nuclear polarization in Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 tumors were each associated with an increase in NCCN risk category indicated by GPS and vice versa. Our results suggest that GPS captures histologic features associated with aggressiveness that are not routinely assessed in standard histopathologic assessments, and that consideration of such histologic features may improve upon current tumor grading approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Greenland
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janet E Cowan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffry P Simko
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhou CK, Rencsok EM, Fall K, Lotan TL, Loda M, Giunchi F, Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Mucci LA, Fiorentino M, Ebot EM. A Prospective Study of Intraprostatic Inflammation, Focal Atrophy, and Progression to Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:2047-2054. [PMID: 31533941 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and focal atrophy are common features adjacent to prostate tumors. Limited evidence exists on whether these features have prognostic significance. METHODS In the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and Physicians' Health Study, we studied 1,035 men diagnosed with prostate cancer. A genitourinary pathologist centrally reviewed tumor and normal areas of hematoxylin and eosin slides from prostate cancer specimens for the presence of acute and chronic inflammation, and four subtypes of focal atrophy. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of these features with lethal prostate cancer, defined as development of metastatic disease or death during follow-up. RESULTS During a median of 12 years of follow-up, 153 men developed lethal prostate cancer. A total of 84% of men had histologic evidence of chronic inflammation and 30% had acute inflammation. Both chronic and acute inflammation were inversely associated with lethal prostate cancer in age- and lifestyle-adjusted models. Chronic inflammation remained inversely associated with lethal prostate cancer after additionally adjusting for prognostic clinical features (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30-0.69 for mild and HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.80 for moderate to severe). None of the atrophic lesions were associated with lethal prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the presence of inflammation, particularly chronic inflammation, in prostate cancer tissue is associated with better prognosis among patients with prostate cancer. IMPACT This is the largest prospective cohort study to examine the association between inflammation, focal atrophy, and lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily M Rencsok
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katja Fall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Department of Pathology, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Pathology, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Panigrahi GK, Praharaj PP, Kittaka H, Mridha AR, Black OM, Singh R, Mercer R, van Bokhoven A, Torkko KC, Agarwal C, Agarwal R, Abd Elmageed ZY, Yadav H, Mishra SK, Deep G. Exosome proteomic analyses identify inflammatory phenotype and novel biomarkers in African American prostate cancer patients. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1110-1123. [PMID: 30623593 PMCID: PMC6434210 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African American men face a stark prostate cancer (PCa)-related health disparity, with the highest incidence and mortality rates compared to other races. Additional and innovative measures are warranted to reduce this health disparity. Here, we focused on the identification of a novel serum exosome-based "protein signature" for potential use in the early detection and better prognosis of PCa in African American men. Nanoparticle tracking analyses showed that compared to healthy individuals, exosome concentration (number/ml) was increased by ~3.2-fold (P ˂ 0.05) in the sera of African American men with PCa. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of serum exosomes identified seven unique and fifty-five overlapping proteins (up- or downregulated) in African Americans with PCa compared to healthy African Americans. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analyses identified the inflammatory acute-phase response signaling as the top pathway associated with proteins loaded in exosomes from African American PCa patients. Interestingly, African American PCa E006AA-hT cells secreted exosomes strongly induced a proinflammatory M2-phenotype in macrophages and showed calcium response on sensory neurons, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. Additionally, proteomic analyses showed that the protein Isoform 2 of Filamin A has higher loading (2.6-fold) in exosomes from African Americans with PCa, but a lesser loading (0.6-fold) was observed in exosomes from Caucasian men with PCa compared to race-matched healthy individuals. Interestingly, TCGA and Taylor's dataset as well as IHC analyses of PCa tissue showed a lower Filamin A expression in tissues of PCa patients compared with normal subjects. Overall, these results support the usefulness of serum exosomes to noninvasively detect inflammatory phenotype and to discover novel biomarkers associated with PCa in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gati K Panigrahi
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hiroki Kittaka
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Asit R Mridha
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Olen M Black
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Roger Mercer
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen C Torkko
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Rangel College of Pharmacy, College Station, Texas
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gagan Deep
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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13
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Smith CJ, Minas TZ, Ambs S. Analysis of Tumor Biology to Advance Cancer Health Disparity Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:304-316. [PMID: 29137948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mortality rates in the United States continue to decline. Reductions in tobacco use, uptake of preventive measures, adoption of early detection methods, and better treatments have resulted in improved cancer outcomes for men and women. Despite this progress, some population groups continue to experience an excessive cancer burden when compared with other population groups. One of the most prominent cancer health disparities exists in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry when compared with other men, both in the United States and globally. This disparity and other cancer health disparities are largely explained by differences in access to health care, diet, lifestyle, cultural barriers, and disparate exposures to carcinogens and pathogens. Dietary and lifestyle factors, pathogens, and ancestry-related factors can modify tumor biology and induce a more aggressive disease. There are numerous examples of how environmental exposures, like tobacco, chronic stress, or dietary factors, induce an adverse tumor biology, leading to a more aggressive disease and decreased patient survival. Because of population differences in the exposure to these risk factors, they can be the cause of cancer disparities. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of prostate and breast cancer disparities in the United States and discuss how the analysis of tumor biology can advance health disparity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J Smith
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tsion Z Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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14
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15
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Smith CJ, Dorsey TH, Tang W, Jordan SV, Loffredo CA, Ambs S. Aspirin Use Reduces the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Disease Recurrence in African-American Men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:845-853. [PMID: 28292923 PMCID: PMC5457351 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Men of African descent experience a disproportionately high prostate cancer mortality. Intratumoral inflammation was found to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer. We and others have shown that prostate tumors in African-American (AA) patients harbor a distinct immune and inflammation signature when compared with European-American (EA) patients. These observations suggest that inflammation could be a driver of aggressive disease in men of African descent, leading to the hypothesis that an anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin could prevent disease progression.Methods: We examined the relationship between aspirin use and prostate cancer in the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study consisting of 823 men with incident prostate cancer (422 AA and 401 EA) and 1,034 population-based men without the disease diagnosis (486 AA and 548 EA).Results: We observed a significant inverse association between regular aspirin use and prostate cancer among AA men. Stratification of AA patients by disease stage showed that daily and long-term (>3 years) aspirin use significantly decreased the risk of advanced disease [adjusted ORs for T3/T4 disease: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-0.73; and 0.22, 95% CI, 0.08-0.60, respectively], but not early-stage disease (T1/T2). Regular aspirin use also reduced disease recurrence in AA men.Conclusions: Regular aspirin use is associated with a decreased risk of advanced stage prostate cancer and increased disease-free survival in AA men.Impact: Regular aspirin use before and after a prostate cancer diagnosis may prevent the development of aggressive disease in AA men who are at risk of a lethal malignancy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 845-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Jacobs Smith
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Symone V Jordan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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16
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Spaw M, Anant S, Thomas SM. Stromal contributions to the carcinogenic process. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1199-1213. [PMID: 27787930 PMCID: PMC5354948 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated stromal cells are dynamic characters that endorse the carcinogenic process in a multitude of ways. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role throughout the tumor progression, which includes initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment consists of cellular and non-cellular components. Tumor-associated stromal cell types include the microbiome, immune cells including macrophages, dendritic and T-cells, cells associated with blood and lymphatic vessels including pericytes and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, and adipocytes. The non-cellular components of the microenvironment include matrix proteins and secreted factors. The development of therapies that target the mechanisms by which stromal cells contribute to successful tumorigenesis is major goal of upcoming cancer research. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive discussion of the role of each of the tumor-associated stromal cell types in the carcinogenic process with a special focus on target development and therapeutic intervention. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Spaw
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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17
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Hilary S, Habib H, Souka U, Ibrahim W, Platat C. Bioactivity of arid region honey: an in vitro study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28356100 PMCID: PMC5371251 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of honey have been largely recognized by various studies. Almost all of the potential benefits are associated with polyphenol content. Honey varieties from the arid region are reported to be rich in polyphenols, but data related to its bioactivity in vitro is greatly lacking. This study aimed at establishing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of arid region honey. Four honey varieties from arid region (H1, H2, H3, and H4) and two popular non-arid region honey (H5 and H6) were tested in vitro in this study. Methods The erythrocyte membrane protection effect of honey varieties were measured by hemolysis assay after exposing erythrocytes to a peroxide generator. The subsequent production of MDA (malondialdehyde) content in erythrocytes was measured. Immunomodulatory effect of the honey varieties was tested in prostate cancer cells PC-3 and PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) by measuring the IL-6 (interleukin 6) and NO (nitric oxide) levels in cell culture supernatant after incubation with the honey varieties. PC-3 cell viability was assessed after incubation with honey varieties for 24 h. Results Arid region honey exhibited superior erythrocyte membrane protection effect with H4 measuring 1.3 ± 0.042mMTE/g and H2 measuring 1.122 ± 0.018mMTE/g. MDA levels were significantly reduced by honey samples, especially H4 (20.819 ± 0.63 nmol/mg protein). We observed a significant decrease in cell population in PC-3 after 24 h in culture on treatment with honey. A moderate increase in NO levels was observed in both cultures after 24 h at the same time levels of IL-6 were remarkably reduced by honey varieties. Conclusion The results demonstrate the antioxidant effect of arid region honey due to its erythrocyte membrane protection effect and subsequent lowering of oxidative damage as evident from lower levels of lipid peroxidation byproduct MDA. Arid region honey varieties were as good as non-arid region types at decreasing cell viability of prostate cancer cells. The moderate increase in NO levels in PC-3 and PBMCs were not significant enough to elicit any pro-inflammatory response. However, IL-6 secretion was remarkably reduced by all honey varieties in a comparable level indicating the potential anti-inflammatory property of arid region honey.
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18
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Sciarra A, Gentilucci A, Salciccia S, Pierella F, Del Bianco F, Gentile V, Silvestri I, Cattarino S. Prognostic value of inflammation in prostate cancer progression and response to therapeutic: a critical review. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:35. [PMID: 27924136 PMCID: PMC5123292 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate is an immune-competent organ normally populated by inflammatory cells. Prostatic inflammation origin can be multi-factorial and there are some emerging evidences on its possible role as a factor involved in prostate cancer (PC) pathogenesis and progression. This review critically analyzes the role of inflammation as a prognostic factor for progression and aggressiveness of PC. We verified the last 10 years literature data on the association between inflammation and PC aggressiveness, or PC response to therapies. Several studies tried to correlate different inflammatory factors with the aggressiveness and metastatization of PC; all data sustain the role of inflammation in PC progression but they also produce confusion to identify a reliable clinical prognostic marker. Data on patients submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP) showed that cases with marked intraprostatic tissue inflammation are associated with higher rate of biochemical progression; systemic inflammation markers appear to have a significant prognostic value. Analyzing data on patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT) emerges a significant association between high neuthrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and decreased progression free survival and overall survival; also plateled to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been proposed as significant prognostic factors for progression and overall survival. In patients submitted to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), inflammation may drive castration resistant PC (CRPC) development by activation of STAT3 in PC cells. NLR has been proposed as independent predictor of overall survival in CRPC submitted to chemotherapy. Most of data are focused on markers related to systemic inflammation such as NLR and CRP, more than specifically to chronic prostatic inflammation. The suggestion is that these inflammatory parameters, also if not specific for prostatic inflammation and possibly influenced by several factors other than PC, can integrate with established prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Urology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Urological science, University Sapienza, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ida Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Racial differences in prostate inflammation: results from the REDUCE study. Oncotarget 2016; 8:71393-71399. [PMID: 29069714 PMCID: PMC5641057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) risk differs between races, and we previously showed prostate inflammation in benign prostate tissue was linked with a lower future PC risk. However, whether prostate tissue inflammation varies by race is unknown. We analyzed baseline acute and chronic prostate inflammation by race in REDUCE, a 4-year, multicenter, placebo-controlled study where all men had a negative prostate biopsy prior to enrollment. We included 7,982 men with standardized central pathology review to determine the presence or absence of chronic or acute inflammation in baseline prostate biopsy tissue. Logistic regression was used to compare prostate inflammation by race, adjusting for confounders. Of 7,982 men, 7,271 were white (91.1%), 180 (2.3%) black, 131 (1.6%) Asian, 319 (4.0%) Hispanic and 81 (1%) unknown. A total of 78% had chronic and 15% had acute inflammation. On multivariable analysis relative to white men, black men were less likely (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.41-1.03, p = 0.07) and Asian men more likely to have acute inflammation (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.14-2.65, p = 0.001). Hispanic men had similar levels of acute inflammation as white men. Chronic inflammation did not significantly differ across races. We identified racial differences in acute inflammation, particularly in Asian men, in benign prostate tissue that inversely mirrored population-level data on PC race disparity. As we showed in REDUCE that acute inflammation is linked with lower future PC risk, if validated in future studies, these data suggest racial differences in prostatic acute inflammation may contribute in part to race differences in PC risk, especially among Asian men.
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20
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Moreira DM, Nickel JC, Andriole GL, Castro-Santamaria R, Freedland SJ. Chronic baseline prostate inflammation is associated with lower tumor volume in men with prostate cancer on repeat biopsy: Results from the REDUCE study. Prostate 2015; 75:1492-8. [PMID: 26184556 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether baseline acute and chronic prostate inflammation among men with initial negative biopsy for prostate cancer (PC) is associated with PC volume at the 2-year repeat prostate biopsy in a clinical trial with systematic biopsies. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 886 men with negative baseline prostate biopsy and positive 2-year repeat biopsy in the Reduction by Dutasteride of PC Events (REDUCE) study. Acute and chronic inflammation and tumor volume were determined by central pathology. The association of baseline inflammation with 2-year repeat biopsy cancer volume was evaluated with linear and Poisson regressions controlling for demographics and laboratory variables. RESULTS Chronic, acute inflammation, and both were detected in 531 (60%), 12 (1%), and 84 (9%) baseline biopsies, respectively. Acute and chronic inflammation were significantly associated with each other (P < 0.001). Chronic inflammation was associated with larger prostate (P < 0.001) and lower pre-repeat biopsy PSA (P = 0.01). At 2-year biopsy, baseline chronic inflammation was associated with lower mean tumor volume (2.07 µl vs. 3.15 µl; P = 0.001), number of biopsy cores involved (1.78 vs. 2.19; P < 0.001), percent of cores involved (17.8% vs. 22.8%; P < 0.001), core involvement (0.21 µl vs. 0.31 µl; P < 0.001), and overall percent tumor involvement (1.40% vs. 2.01%; P < 0.001). Results were unchanged in multivariable analysis. Baseline acute inflammation was not associated with any tumor volume measurement. CONCLUSION In a cohort of men with 2-year repeat prostate biopsy positive for PC after a negative baseline biopsy, baseline chronic inflammation was associated with lower PC volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Curtis Nickel
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gerald L Andriole
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Albayrak S, Zengin K, Tanik S, Bakirtas H, Imamoglu A, Gurdal M. Red cell distribution width as a predictor of prostate cancer progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7781-4. [PMID: 25292063 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the utility of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as a simple and readily available marker in prostate cancer, as well as to evaluate RDW as a predictor of progression in prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 62 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy and 62 healthy controls of mean age 64 (range, 45-75) years at the Urology Clinic of Bozok University Hospital. Data collection was performed using our laboratory information system database to retrieve findings regarding RDW, hemoglobin, prostate- specific antigen (PSA), and age. The RDW values were compared between the healthy control group and prostate cancer patients. A high risk of progression as defined as a Gleason score (GS) >6, total number of cores positive for cancer >33%, each core containing >50% cancer cells, and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >10 ng/ mL. Patients were classified according to risk of progression, as well as divided into subgroups according to the RDW quartile. RESULTS The mean RDW value of prostate cancer patients was 14.6, compared with 13.7 in the healthy control group (p=0.001). A higher RDW was associated with an increased risk of progression, whereas a lower RDW value was correlated with a low risk of progression. CONCLUSIONS RDW is an easily derived measure that might, in combination with other markers, help predict prostate cancer risk and progression. We suggest that RDW may be used in combination with other parameters in the assessment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahattin Albayrak
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey E-mail :
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22
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Agalliu I, Williams S, Adler B, Androga L, Siev M, Lin J, Xue X, Huang G, Strickler HD, Ghavamian R. The impact of obesity on prostate cancer recurrence observed after exclusion of diabetics. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:821-30. [PMID: 25771797 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although overall there is a positive association between obesity and risk of prostate cancer (PrCa) recurrence, results of individual studies are somewhat inconsistent. We investigated whether the failure to exclude diabetics in prior studies could have increased the likelihood of conflicting results. METHODS A total of 610 PrCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2005 and 2012 were followed for recurrence, defined as a rise in serum PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml following surgery. Body mass index (BMI) and history of type 2 diabetes were documented prior to PrCa surgery. The analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Obesity (25.6 %) and diabetes (18.7 %) were common in this cohort. There were 87 (14.3 %) recurrence events during a median follow-up of 30.8 months after surgery among the 610 patients. When analyzed among all PrCa patients, no association was observed between BMI/obesity and PrCa recurrence. However, when analysis was limited to non-diabetics, obese men had a 2.27-fold increased risk (95 % CI 1.17-4.41) of PrCa recurrence relative to normal weight men, after adjusting for age and clinical/pathological tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This study found a greater than twofold association between obesity/BMI and PrCa recurrence in non-diabetics. We anticipated these results because the relationship between BMI/obesity and the biologic factors that may underlie the PrCa recurrence-BMI/obesity association, such as insulin, may be altered by the use of anti-diabetes medication or diminished beta-cell insulin production in advanced diabetes. Studies to further assess the molecular factors that explain the BMI/obesity-PrCa recurrence relationship are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA,
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Cavazos DA, deGraffenried MJ, Apte SA, Bowers LW, Whelan KA, deGraffenried LA. Obesity promotes aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1179-86. [PMID: 25264717 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the leading preventable comorbidity associated with increased prostate cancer-related recurrence and mortality. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that a body mass index >30 is associated with increased oxidative DNA damage within the prostate gland and increased prostate cancer-related mortality. Here we provide evidence that obesity promotes worse clinical outcome through induction of metabolic abnormalities known to promote genotoxic stress. We have previously reported that blood serum derived from obese mice may enhance the proliferative and invasive potential of human prostate cancer cell lines ex vivo. Here we show that a 1-h exposure of LNCaP or PacMetUT1 prostate cancer cell lines and nonmalignant RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells to 2% serum from obese mice induces markers of aerobic glycolysis relative to those exposed to serum from nonobese mice. This metabolic change was correlated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased frequency of DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, N-tert-Butylhydroxylamine, an antioxidant, significantly suppressed markers of aerobic glycolysis in the cells exposed to the blood serum of obese mice, suggesting that ROS contributes to a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. Here we describe obesity-induced changes in key metabolic markers that impact prostate cancer cell progression and explore the role of antioxidants in ameliorating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cavazos
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas , USA
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Mast cells as a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:711-20. [PMID: 24324287 PMCID: PMC3844173 DOI: 10.1155/2013/478303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains one of the major men's health issues and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is now ascertained that prostate cancer emerges from multiple spontaneous and/or inherited alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in complex networks controlling critical cellular events. It is now accepted that several innate and adaptive immune cells, including T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells (MCs), infiltrate the prostate cancer. All of these cells are irregularly scattered within the tumor and loaded with an assorted array of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. This complex framework reflects the diversity in tumor biology and tumor-host interactions. MCs are well-established effector cells in Immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E) associated immune responses and potent effector cells of the innate immune system; however, their clinical significance in prostate cancer is still debated. Here, these controversies are summarized, focusing on the implications of these findings in understanding the roles of MCs in primary prostate cancer.
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