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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Yu M, Hu S, Tang B, Yang H, Sun D. Engineering Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a microbial chassis for therapeutic and industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108202. [PMID: 37343690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered microbes, especially Escherichia coli, have been widely used in the biosynthesis of proteins and metabolites for medical and industrial applications. As a traditional probiotic with a well-established safety record, E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has recently emerged as a microbial chassis for generating living therapeutics, drug delivery vehicles, and microbial platforms for industrial production. Despite the availability of genetic tools for engineering laboratory E. coli K-12 and B strains, new genetic engineering systems are still greatly needed to expand the application range of EcN. In this review, we have summarized the latest progress in the development of genetic engineering systems in EcN, as well as their applications in the biosynthesis and delivery of valuable small molecules and biomacromolecules of medical and/or industrial interest, followed by a glimpse of how this rapidly growing field will evolve in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shilong Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongchang Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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Ruiz Del Pino M, Rosales-Castillo A, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Expósito-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. [Isolation of Haemophilus no ducreyi in samples from the genital tract of men: Its clinical relationship]. Rev Int Androl 2023; 21:100374. [PMID: 37413940 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2023.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the advancement of microbiological methods, the isolation of less typical pathogens in cases of urethral and rectal infection is more frequent, apart from the classic etiological agents. One of them is formed by species of Haemophilus no ducreyi (HND). The objective of this work is to describe frequency, susceptibility to antibiotics, and clinical features of HDN urethritis and proctitis in adult males. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is an observational retrospective descriptive study of the results obtained by the Microbiology laboratory of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital on the isolates of HND in genital and rectal samples from males between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS HND was isolated in 135 (7%) of the genital infection episodes diagnosed in men. H. parainfluenzae was the most commonly isolated (34/45; 75.6%). The most frequent symptoms in men with proctitis were rectal tenesmus (31.6%) and lymphadenopathy (10.5%); in those with urethritis, dysuria (71.6%), urethral suppuration (46.7%) and gland lesions (27%), so differentiating it from infections caused by other genitopathogens is difficult. 43% of patients were HIV positive. Antibiotic resistance rates for H. parainfluenzae were high to quinolons, ampicillin, tetracycline and macrolides. CONCLUSION HND species should be considered as possible etiologic agents in episodes of urethral and rectal infection in men, especially in cases with negative screening tests for agents that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Its microbiological identification is essential for the establishment of an effective targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz Del Pino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, España
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, España; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada-IBS, Granada, España.
| | - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, España
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioestadística de FIBAO, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, España
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada-IBS, Granada, España
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-IBS, Granada, España; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada-IBS, Granada, España
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Quattrone C, Manfredi C, Napolitano L, Ferraro A, Distefano C, Di Girolamo A, Sciorio C, Imperatore V, Bottone F, La Rocca R, Arcaniolo D, De Sio M, Spirito L. D-Mannose Plus Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections and Discomfort after Cystoscopy: A Single-Center Prospective Randomized Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1165. [PMID: 37374369 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing cystoscopy can experience discomfort or pain during the procedure. In some cases, a urinary tract infection (UTI) with storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur in the days following the procedure. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of D-mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of UTIs and discomfort in patients undergoing cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: A single-center prospective randomized pilot study was conducted between April 2019 and June 2020. Patients undergoing cystoscopy for suspected bladder cancer (BCa) or in the follow-up for BCa were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups: D-Mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii (Group A) vs. no treatment (Group B). A urine culture was prescribed regardless of symptoms 7 days before and 7 days after cystoscopy. The International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS) for local pain/discomfort, and EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administered before cystoscopy and 7 days after. Results: A total of 32 patients (16 per group) were enrolled. No urine culture was positive in Group A 7 days after cystoscopy, while 3 patients (18.8%) in Group B had a positive control urine culture (p = 0.044). All patients with positive control urine culture reported the onset or worsening of urinary symptoms, excluding the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria. At 7 days after cystoscopy, the median IPSS of Group A was significantly lower than that of Group B (10.5 vs. 16.5 points; p = 0.021), and at 7 days, the median NRS for local discomfort/pain of Group A was significantly lower than that for Group B (1.5 vs. 4.0 points; p = 0.012). No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the median IPSS-QoL and EORTC QLQ-C30 was found between groups. Conclusions: D-Mannose plus Saccharomyces boulardii administered after cystoscopy seem to significantly reduce the incidence of UTI, the severity of LUTS, and the intensity of local discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quattrone
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Distefano
- Division of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Sciorio
- Urology Unit, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bottone
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Sio
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spirito
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zha C, Peng Z, Huang K, Tang K, Wang Q, Zhu L, Che B, Li W, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Zhang W. Potential role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer: immunity, metabolites, pathways of action? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196217. [PMID: 37265797 PMCID: PMC10231684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota helps to reveal the relationship between diseases, but the role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Recent studies have found that the composition and abundance of specific gut microbiota are significantly different between PCa and non-PCa, and the gut microbiota may have common and unique characteristics between different diseases. Intestinal microorganisms are affected by various factors and interact with the host in a variety of ways. In the complex interaction model, the regulation of intestinal microbial metabolites and the host immune system is particularly important, and they play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites. However, specific changes in the composition of intestinal microflora may promote intestinal mucosal immune imbalance, leading to the formation of tumors. Therefore, this review analyzes the immune regulation of intestinal flora and the production of metabolites, as well as their effects and mechanisms on tumors, and briefly summarizes that specific intestinal flora can play an indirect role in PCa through their metabolites, genes, immunity, and pharmacology, and directly participate in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors through bacterial and toxin translocation. We also discussed markers of high risk PCa for intestinal microbiota screening and the possibility of probiotic ingestion and fecal microbiota transplantation, in order to provide better treatment options for clinic patients. Finally, after summarizing a number of studies, we found that changes in immunity, metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zha
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Barone B, Mirto BF, Falcone A, Del Giudice F, Aveta A, Napolitano L, Del Biondo D, Ferro M, Busetto GM, Manfredi C, Terracciano D, Gambardella R, Pandolfo SD, Trama F, De Luca C, Martino R, Capone F, Giampaglia G, Sicignano E, Tataru OS, Lucarelli G, Crocetto F. The Efficacy of Flogofilm ® in the Treatment of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis as an Adjuvant to Antibiotic Therapy: A Randomized Prospective Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082784. [PMID: 37109121 PMCID: PMC10142953 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial prostatitis (BP) is a common prostatic infection characterized by a bimodal distribution in young and older men, with a prevalence between 5-10% among all cases of prostatitis and a high impact on quality of life. Although the management of bacterial prostatitis involves the use of appropriate spectrum antibiotics, which represent the first choice of treatment, a multimodal approach encompassing antibiotics and nutraceutical products in order to improve the efficacy of chosen antimicrobial regimen is often required. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Flogofilm® in association with fluoroquinolones in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). METHODS Patients diagnosed with prostatitis (positivity to Meares-Stamey Test and symptoms duration > 3 months) at the University of Naples "Federico II", Italy, from July 2021 to December 2021, were included in this study. All patients underwent bacterial cultures and trans-rectal ultrasounds. Patients were randomized into two groups (A and B) receiving antibiotic alone or an association of antibiotics plus Flogofilm® tablets containing Flogomicina® for one month, respectively. The NIH-CPSI and IPSS questionnaires were administered at baseline, four weeks, twelve and twenty-four weeks. RESULTS A total of 96 (Group A = 47, Group B = 49) patients concluded the study protocol. The mean age was comparable, with a mean age of 34.62 ± 9.04 years for Group A and 35.29 ± 10.32 years for Group B (p = 0.755), and IPSS at the baseline was 8.28 ± 6.33 and 9.88 ± 6.89 (p = 0.256), respectively, while NIH-CPSI at baseline was 21.70 ± 4.38 and 21.67 ± 6.06 (p = 0.959), respectively. At 1, 3 and 6 months, the IPSS score was 6.45 ± 4.8 versus 4.31 ± 4.35 (p = 0.020), 5.32 ± 4.63 versus 3.20 ± 3.05 (p = 0.042) and 4.91 ± 4.47 versus 2.63 ± 3.28 (p = 0.005) for Groups A and B, respectively. Similarly, the NIH-CPSI total score at 1, 3 and 6 months was 16.15 ± 3.31 versus 13.10 ± 5.03 (p < 0.0001), 13.47 ± 3.07 versus 9.65 ± 4.23 (p < 0.0001) and 9.83 ± 2.53 versus 5.51 ± 2.84 (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Flogofilm®, associated with fluoroquinolones, demonstrate a significant improvement in pain, urinary symptoms and quality of life in patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis in both IPSS and NIH-CPSI scores compared with fluoroquinolones alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Benito Fabio Mirto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Falcone
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Achille Aveta
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Del Biondo
- Department of Urology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trama
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro De Luca
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Martino
- Department of Urology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Capone
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giampaglia
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Sicignano
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- Department of Simulation Applied in Medicine, The Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I.O.S.U.D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology from Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Oral Preparation of Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, Curcumin, and Quercetin (Ialuril ® Soft Gels) for the Prevention of LUTS after Intravesical Chemotherapy. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:365-373. [PMID: PMID: 35893598 PMCID: PMC9326532 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravesical chemotherapy may cause chemical cystitis and related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral preparation of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), curcumin, and quercetin (Ialuril® Soft Gels) to reduce the severity of LUTS in patients with a history of bladder cancer (BCa) undergoing intravesical chemotherapy. We designed a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Patients referred to our institute between November 2016 and March 2018 were enrolled. All subjects had non-muscle-invasive BCa and received intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC). Patients were randomized 1:1 in two groups (intervention vs. control). All subjects underwent oral administration (Ialuril® Soft Gels or placebo) starting one week before the first weekly instillation and ending 30 days after the last one, subsequently starting one week before each monthly instillation and ending 14 days after it. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) and 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess the efficacy of the treatment. Adverse events were also described. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 4, 7, and 13 months of intravesical chemotherapy. A total of 34 patients were enrolled. The median IPSS score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group at 4 (13 vs. 17 points; p = 0.038), 7 (10 vs. 18 points; p < 0.001), and 13 (10 vs. 17 points; p = 0.002) months. The median VAS score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group at 7 (22 vs. 37 points; p = 0.021) and 13 (20 vs. 35 points; p = 0.024) months. No AE specifically related to supplement or placebo was recorded. Oral formulation of HA, CS, quercetin, and curcumin could be an effective and safe supportive therapy against chemical cystitis in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy for BCa.
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The Role of Microbial Factors in Prostate Cancer Development-An Up-to-Date Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204772. [PMID: 34682893 PMCID: PMC8538262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date studies emphasize the role of human urinary and intestinal microbiome in maintaining urogenital health. Both microbial flora and sexually transmitted pathogens may affect metabolic or immune mechanisms and consequently promote or inhibit prostate carcinogenesis. Hereby, we review the most current evidence regarding the microbial factors and their link to prostate cancer. We conducted a literature search up to December 2020. The microbial impact on prostate cancer initiation and progression is complex. The proposed mechanisms of action include induction of chronic inflammatory microenvironment (Propionibacterium spp., sexually-transmitted pathogens) and direct dysregulation of cell cycle (Helicobacter pylori, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus- KSHV, human papilloma virus 18- HPV18). Suppression of immune cell expression and downregulating immune-associated genes are also observed (Gardnerella vaginalis). Additionally, the impact of the gut microbiome proved relevant in promoting tumorigenesis (Bacteroides massiliensis). Nevertheless, certain microbes appear to possess anti-tumor properties (Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas spp.), such as triggering a robust immune response and apoptotic cancer cell death. The role of microbial factors in prostate cancer development is an emerging field that merits further studies. In the future, translating microbial research into clinical action may prove helpful in predicting diagnosis and potential outcomes of the disease.
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Probiotics to treat chronic bacterial prostatitis. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:444. [PMID: 34253903 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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