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Geng Q, Xu Y, Huang W, Hu Y, Jin H, Hua H, Kong D. The Potential Mechanism of the Anti-Liver Fibrotic Effect of Curcumin in the Gut-Liver Axis. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38669311 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the curative effect of curcumin on liver fibrosis and its correlation with the gut-liver axis in animal models. Histological staining was utilized to conduct histological analysis of the liver and intestine. An automatic biochemical analyzer or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system was utilized for analyzing the biochemical indexes in mice. Western blotting was employed to examine the level of relevant proteins. Furthermore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to explore the impact of curcumin on intestinal microorganisms in rats with liver fibrosis. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze the effect of curcumin on rat feces metabolites. Our results showed that curcumin reduced the formation of collagen fibers caused by carbon tetrachloride in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, curcumin was able to restore intestinal permeability in rats with liver fibrosis. By adopting α diversity analysis (Chao 1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index), we observed that both the diversity and the abundance of intestinal flora in rats with liver fibrosis were increased. The principal component analysis diagram demonstrated that curcumin could enhance the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and also restore the composition of model rat flora, which was similar to that in normal rats, thereby correcting the imbalance of flora in rats with liver fibrosis. In addition, curcumin regulated feces metabolites and their signaling pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that curcumin exhibits antiliver fibrosis effects, and its antiliver fibrosis effects might correlate with gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Geng
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifang Huang
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heiying Jin
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haibing Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangyin Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Tang X. Probiotic Roles of Clostridium butyricum in Piglets: Considering Aspects of Intestinal Barrier Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1069. [PMID: 38612308 PMCID: PMC11010893 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
China, as the global leader in pork production and consumption, is faced with challenges in ensuring sustainable and wholesome growth of the pig industry while also guaranteeing meat food safety amidst the ban on antibiotics usage in animal feed. The focus of the pig industry lies in guaranteeing piglet health and enhancing overall production performance through nutrition regulation. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a new type of probiotic, possesses characteristics such as heat resistance, acid resistance, and bile-salt tolerance, meaning it has potential as a feed additive. Previous studies have demonstrated that C. butyricum has a probiotic effect on piglets and can serve as a substitute for antibiotics. The objective of this study was to review the probiotic role of C. butyricum in the production of piglets, specifically focusing on intestinal barrier function. Through this review, we explored the probiotic effects of C. butyricum on piglets from the perspective of intestinal health. That is, C. butyricum promotes intestinal health by regulating the functions of the mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and microbial barrier of piglets, thereby improving the growth of piglets. This review can provide a reference for the rational utilization and application of C. butyricum in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhou M, Li X, Wang X, Deng N, Cai Y, Tan Z. The dysfunction in intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activity as significant contributors to diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1324938. [PMID: 38264481 PMCID: PMC10803573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Object To investigate the pathogenesis of diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome by examining characteristic changes in intestinal microorganisms, enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and metabolism indices. Methods Twenty mice were randomly and equally divided into control group (NC) and model group (NM). Mice in NM group received adenine suspension at a dosage of 50 mg/(kg⋅day) by gavage, 0.4 mL/time, once a day for 14 days, and Folium sennae decoction at a dosage of 10 g/(kg⋅day) by gavage, 0.4 mL/time, once a day for 7 days, starting on 8th day. Mice in NC group were administered an equivalent amount of sterile water by gavage once a day for 7 days, and twice a day from the 8th day. After modeling, assessments encompassed microbial culture, organ index calculation, microbial and enzyme activity detection, malondialdehyde (MDA) content determination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, blood biochemical tests, and observation of kidney tissue pathological changes. Results The results showed that in NM group, a reduction in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria was noted, accompanied by an increase in the number of bacteria and E. coli. Xylanase activity in the intestinal contents and mucosa, protease activity in the intestinal mucosa, and intestinal mucosa microbial activity were diminished. Conversely, the activities of amylase, sucrase, and lactase increased in intestinal mucosa. Additionally, there was an elevation in the level of MDA. Renal tubular dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the renal interstitium. Conclusion These dysfunctions in intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities suggest potential involvement in diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Cai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun ZB, Hu YF, Song HJ, Cong SB, Wang L. Cry1Ac Mixed with Gentamicin Influences the Intestinal Microbial Diversity and Community Composition of Pink Bollworms. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:58. [PMID: 38255673 PMCID: PMC10820413 DOI: 10.3390/life14010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pink bollworms severely affect the production of cotton. The method currently used for pink bollworm control is the planting of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) protein-expressing transgenic cotton. However, pink bollworms can develop strong resistance to Bt proteins in transgenic cotton because of the large planting area and long planting time of this crop, which severely affects the control of pink bollworms. Intestinal microorganisms play very important roles in insect growth, development and Bt resistance. However, the effect of intestinal microorganisms on pink bollworm Bt resistance is still unclear. The current study aimed to analyze the effect of intestinal microorganisms on the Bt resistance of pink bollworms. Intestinal microorganisms associated with Bt resistance were initially screened through Illumina MiSeq sequencing and analysis. The results showed that feeding with a mixture of gentamicin, Cry1Ac and an artificial diet could significantly increase the mortality of pink bollworm larvae compared with feeding with of a mixture of Cry1Ac and an artificial diet or an artificial diet alone. The microbial diversity, community structure and composition of the pink bollworm larval intestine were significantly influenced by feeding with a mixture of gentamicin, Cry1Ac and an artificial diet. Several intestinal bacteria with significantly altered abundances after treatment with gentamicin were preliminarily screened as potential resources for addressing Bt toxicity. This study provides useful strategies for addressing the Bt resistance of pink bollworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Bin Sun
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ya-Feng Hu
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Han-Jian Song
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sheng-Bo Cong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Wang YY, Lin HL, Wang KL, Que GX, Cao T, Zhu LM, Yang X, Yang XF. Influence of Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites on Progression of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Chin Med Sci J 2023; 38:286-296. [PMID: 38097345 DOI: 10.24920/004220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide because of lifestyle and dietary changes. Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Understanding of the function of gut microbiota and its metabolites in MAFLD may help to elucidate pathological mechanisms, identify diagnostic markers, and develop drugs or probiotics for the treatment of MAFLD. Here we review the pathogenesis of MAFLD by gut microbiota and its metabolites and discuss the feasibility of treating MAFLD from the perspective of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Hai-Lian Lin
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Ke-Lang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Gen-Xiang Que
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - La-Mei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School & University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
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Li X, Yang L, Jiang S, Zhou F, Jiang S, Li Y, Chen X, Yang Q, Duan Y, Huang J. Effect of Fly Maggot Protein as Dietary on Growth and Intestinal Microbial Community of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1433. [PMID: 37998032 PMCID: PMC10669337 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
As the intensive development of aquaculture persists, the demand for fishmeal continues to grow; however, since fishery resources are limited, the price of fishmeal remains high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new sources of protein. They are rich in proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, chitin, vitamins, minerals, and antibacterial substances. Maggot meal-based diet is an ideal source of high-quality animal protein and a new type of protein-based immune enhancer with good application prospects in animal husbandry and aquaculture. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different diets containing maggot protein on the growth and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were fed either a control feed (no fly maggot protein added), FM feed (compound feed with 30% fresh fly maggot protein added), FF feed (fermented fly maggot protein), or HT feed (high-temperature pelleted fly maggot protein) for eight weeks. The results showed that fresh fly maggot protein in the feed was detrimental to shrimp growth, whereas fermented and high-temperature-pelleted fly maggot protein improved shrimp growth and survival. The effects of different fly maggot protein treatments on the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei also varied. Fermented fly maggot protein feed and high-temperature-pelleted fly maggot protein feed increased the relative abundance of Ruegeria and Pseudomonas, which increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and thus inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. In contrast, fresh fly maggot proteins alter the intestinal microbiome, disrupting symbiotic relationships between bacteria, and causing invasion by Vibrio and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These results suggest that fresh fly maggot proteins affect the composition of intestinal microorganisms, which is detrimental to the intestinal tract of L. vannamei, whereas fermented fly maggot protein feed affected the growth of L. vannamei positively by improving the composition of intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lishi Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shigui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Falin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Song Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yundong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xu Chen
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qibin Yang
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518108, China
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Guo L, Yu S, Cao F, Zheng K, Li M, Peng Z, Shi X, Liu L. Dried tea residue can alter the blood metabolism and the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289743. [PMID: 38029088 PMCID: PMC10655126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminant animals face multiple challenges during the rearing process, including immune disorders and oxidative stress. Green tea by-products have gained widespread attention for their significant immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, leading to their application in livestock production. In this study, we investigated the effects of Dried Tea Residue (DTR) as a feed additive on the growth performance, blood biochemical indicators, and hindgut microbial structure and function of Hu sheep. Sixteen Hu sheep were randomly divided into two groups and fed with 0 and 100 g/d of DTR, respectively. Data were recorded over a 56-day feeding period. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes in the production performance of Hu sheep fed with DTR. However, the sheep fed with DTR showed a significant increase in IgA (p < 0.001), IgG (p = 0.005), IgM (p = 0.003), T-SOD (p = 0.013), GSH-Px (p = 0.005), and CAT (p < 0.001) in the blood, along with a significant decrease in albumin (p = 0.019), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.050), and triglyceride (p = 0.021). DTR supplementation enhanced the fiber digestion ability of hindgut microbiota, optimized the microbial community structure, and increased the abundance of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. Therefore, DTR can be used as a natural feed additive in ruminant animal production to enhance their immune and antioxidant capabilities, thereby improving the health status of ruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyong Guo
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Innovation and Application of Agricultural Germplasm Resources, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Cao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, China
| | - Kaizhi Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manman Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenying Peng
- Beijing Jingmi Water Diversion Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyun Shi
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Innovation and Application of Agricultural Germplasm Resources, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Innovation and Application of Agricultural Germplasm Resources, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
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Lv J, Qi P, Yan X, Bai L, Zhang L. Structure and Metabolic Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota in Tibetan and Han Populations of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Associated Influencing Factors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2655. [PMID: 38004668 PMCID: PMC10672793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Residents of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might experience shifts in their gut microbiota composition as a result of the plateau environment. For example, high altitudes can increase the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria, decrease the number of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, increase probiotics, and decrease pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the structure and metabolic differences in intestinal microbial communities among the Tibetan and Han populations on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and shed light on the factors that influence the abundance of the microbial communities in the gut. The structural characteristics of intestinal microorganisms were detected from blood and fecal samples using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolic characteristics were detected using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The influencing factors were analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were dominant in the intestinal tract of the Han population, while Bacteroides and Prevotella were dominant in that of the Tibetan population, with marked differences in Pseudomonas, Prevotella, and other genera. Ferulic acid and 4-methylcatechol were the main differential metabolites between the Tibetan and Han ethnic groups. This may be the reason for the different adaptability of Tibetan and Han nationalities to the plateau. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid also have a high correlation with different bacteria and metabolites, which may play a role. These results reveal notable disparities in the compositions and metabolic characteristics of gut microbial communities in the Tibetan and Han people residing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and may provide insights regarding the mechanism of plateau adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.L.); (P.Q.); (X.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Fu Y, Lyu J, Wang S. The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277102. [PMID: 37876938 PMCID: PMC10591221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signaling molecules, triggering the immune system in the gut mucosa and controlling inflammation. For example, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids can release inflammatory-mediated signals by binding to specific receptors. These metabolites indirectly affect host health and intestinal immunity by interacting with the intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. Moreover, Tryptophan-derived metabolites also play a role in governing the immune response by binding to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) located on the intestinal mucosa, enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier. Dietary-derived indoles, which are synthetic precursors of AHR ligands, work together with SCFA and secondary bile acids to reduce stress on the intestinal epithelium and regulate inflammation. This review highlights the interaction between gut microbial metabolites and the intestinal immune system, as well as the crosstalk of dietary fiber intake in improving the host microbial metabolism and its beneficial effects on the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Lyu
- Department of Pathology, the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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Ma Y, Fei Y, Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J, Liu G. Trace metal elements: a bridge between host and intestinal microorganisms. Sci China Life Sci 2023; 66:1976-1993. [PMID: 37528296 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of various enzymes. Symbiotic intestinal microorganisms compete with their host for the use of trace metal elements. Moreover, the metabolic processes of trace metal elements in the host and microorganisms affect the organism's health. Supplementation or the lack of trace metal elements in the host can change the intestinal microbial community structure and function. Functional changes in symbiotic microorganisms can affect the host's metabolism of trace metal elements. In this review, we discuss the absorption and transport processes of trace metal elements in the host and symbiotic microorganisms and the effects of dynamic changes in the levels of trace metal elements on the intestinal microbial community structure. We also highlight the participation of trace metal elements as enzyme cofactors in the host immune process. Our findings indicate that the host uses metal nutrition immunity or metal poisoning to resist pathogens and improve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yanquan Fei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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Tan L, Xi Y, Zhou C, Xu Y, Pang J, Peng X, Tang Z, Sun W, Sun Z. Supplementation with Antimicrobial Peptides or a Tannic Acid Can Effectively Replace the Pharmacological Effects of Zinc Oxide in the Early Stages of Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1797. [PMID: 37889691 PMCID: PMC10251958 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) harms the environment and can potentially increase the number of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective alternatives to improve gut health and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets. This study conducted an antibacterial test of ZnO, antibacterial peptides (AMPs), and tannic acid (TA) in vitro. Thirty piglets were randomly allotted to one of the following three dietary treatments: ZnO (2000 mg/kg ZnO diet), AMPs (700 mg/kg AMPs diet), and TA (1000 mg/kg TA diet). The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO and TA against Escherichia coli and Salmonella were lower than those of AMPs, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO, AMPs, and TA against Staphylococcus aureus were the same. Compared to ZnO, AMPs increased the digestibility of dry, organic matter and the crude fat. Additionally, TA significantly (p < 0.05) increased the digestibility of dry and organic matter. On experimental day 14, the plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) content of piglets supplemented with AMPs and TA was increased significantly (p < 0.05). On experimental day 28, alanine aminotransferase activity in the plasma of weaned piglets in the ZnO and TA groups was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in piglets in the AMPs group. The levels of plasma IL-6 and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ZnO and AMPs groups than in the TA group. On experimental days 14 and 28, no significant differences were observed in the antioxidant capacity among the three experimental groups. Intestinal microbial diversity analysis showed that the Chao1 and ACE indices of piglets in the AMPs group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the ZnO and TA groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Treponema_2 was higher in the feces of piglets fed a diet supplemented with TA than in those fed diet supplemented with ZnO (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae was higher in the feces of piglets fed a diet supplemented with AMPs than in those fed diet supplemented with ZnO or TA. Overall, AMPs and TA could be added to feed as substitutes for ZnO to reduce diarrhea, improve nutrient digestibility and immunity, and increase the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.T.); (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.P.); (X.P.)
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12
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Zha C, Peng Z, Huang K, Tang K, Wang Q, Zhu L, Che B, Li W, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Zhang W. Potential role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer: immunity, metabolites, pathways of action? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196217. [PMID: 37265797 PMCID: PMC10231684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota helps to reveal the relationship between diseases, but the role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Recent studies have found that the composition and abundance of specific gut microbiota are significantly different between PCa and non-PCa, and the gut microbiota may have common and unique characteristics between different diseases. Intestinal microorganisms are affected by various factors and interact with the host in a variety of ways. In the complex interaction model, the regulation of intestinal microbial metabolites and the host immune system is particularly important, and they play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites. However, specific changes in the composition of intestinal microflora may promote intestinal mucosal immune imbalance, leading to the formation of tumors. Therefore, this review analyzes the immune regulation of intestinal flora and the production of metabolites, as well as their effects and mechanisms on tumors, and briefly summarizes that specific intestinal flora can play an indirect role in PCa through their metabolites, genes, immunity, and pharmacology, and directly participate in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors through bacterial and toxin translocation. We also discussed markers of high risk PCa for intestinal microbiota screening and the possibility of probiotic ingestion and fecal microbiota transplantation, in order to provide better treatment options for clinic patients. Finally, after summarizing a number of studies, we found that changes in immunity, metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zha
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Qi P, Lv J, Yan X, Bai L, Zhang L. Microfluidics: Insights into Intestinal Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1134. [PMID: 37317109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is a system involving the treatment or manipulation of microscale (10-9 to 10-18 L) fluids using microchannels (10 to 100 μm) contained on a microfluidic chip. Among the different methodologies used to study intestinal microorganisms, new methods based on microfluidic technology have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. The intestinal tracts of animals are populated by a vast array of microorganisms that have been established to play diverse functional roles beneficial to host physiology. This review is the first comprehensive coverage of the application of microfluidics technology in intestinal microbial research. In this review, we present a brief history of microfluidics technology and describe its applications in gut microbiome research, with a specific emphasis on the microfluidic technology-based intestine-on-a-chip, and also discuss the advantages and application prospects of microfluidic drug delivery systems in intestinal microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangdong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liuhui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Lv S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Meng S, Pu Y, Liu X, Liu L, Ma Y, Liu W, Jiang L. Diversity of the fecal microbiota in Chinese ponies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1102186. [PMID: 36777669 PMCID: PMC9909481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiomes of equine are plentiful and intricate, which plays an important part in the growth. However, there is a relative lack of information on the microbial diversity in the pony's gut. Methods In this article, 118 fecal samples from DeBa pony, NiQi pony and GuZh horse were studied by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results Diversity analysis was used to determine the difference of gut microbiota composition among different breeds. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the gut microbiota of NiQi ponies were abundant and various. Beta diversity analysis showed that the microorganisms constitution of DeBa ponies was more similar to that of NiQi ponies. LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis result that the microorganism biomarkers for NiQi pony at the genus level were Phascolarctobacterium, Paludibacter, and Fibrobacter; the bacterial biomarker for DeBa pony was Streptococcus and Prevotella; and the bacterial biomarkers for GuZh horses was Treponema, Treponema Mogibacterium, Adlercreutzia, and Blautia. The correlation analysis between genera with >1% abundance and horse height found that Streptococcus (P < 0.01), Treponema (P < 0.01), Coprococcus (P < 0.01), Prevotella (P < 0.01), Phascolarctobacterium (P < 0.01), and Mogibacterium (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with horses' height. The functional prediction results indicated that DeBa pony have a microbiota functional more similar to NiQi pony. Discussion For the first time, our results announce the species composition and structure of the gut microbiota in Chinese ponies. At the same time, our results can provide theoretical reference for further understanding the healthy breeding, feeding management and disease prevention of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Lv
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China,Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkai Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Meng
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Liu
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lingling Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Wujun Liu ✉
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,Lin Jiang ✉
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15
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang S, Xu J, Wang B, Sun X, Zhang Y. Red-fleshed apple flavonoid extract alleviates CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1098954. [PMID: 36742007 PMCID: PMC9890596 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1098954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence of liver damage has increased. Despite the many known health benefits of red-fleshed apple flavonoids, their potential liver-protective effects have not yet been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the composition of red-fleshed apple flavonoid extract (RAFE) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We then induced liver damage in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and performed interventions with RAFE to analyze its effect on liver damage, using bifendate as a positive control. The results showed that catechin was the most abundant flavonoid in 'XJ4' RAFE (49.346 mg/100 g). In liver-injured mice, the liver coefficients converged to normal levels following RAFE intervention. Moreover, RAFE significantly reduced the enzymatic activity levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (ALT), glutamic alanine transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in mouse serum. Furthermore, RAFE significantly increased the content or enzyme activity level of total glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase, and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the liver of mice. In parallel, we performed histopathological observations of mouse livers for each group. The results showed that RAFE restored the pathological changes caused by CCl4 around the central hepatic vein in mice and resulted in tightly bound hepatocytes. The recovery effect of RAFE was dose-dependent in the liver tissue. Regarding intestinal microorganisms, we found that RAFE restored the microbial diversity in liver-injured mice, with a similar microbial composition in the RAFE intervention group and normal group. RAFE reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, increased the levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Clostridium, and reduced the levels of harmful bacteria, such as Erysipelothrix Rosenbach. Therefore, RAFE ameliorated CCl4-induced liver damage by modulating the abundance and composition of intestinal microorganisms in mice. In conclusion, RAFE alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage in mice, with H-RAFE (5 mg kg-1) significantly improving liver damage in mice but M-RAFE (1 mg kg-1) significantly improving the imbalance of intestinal microorganisms in mice. Our research suggests that RAFE could be employed for the adjuvant treatment and prevention of liver damage, and may have important applications in food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jihua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Liu Y, Jia X, Chang J, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Feng B, Fang Z, Li J, Hua L, Wang J, Ren Z, Sun M, Wu D, Xu S. Effect of yeast culture supplementation in sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties, and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1105888. [PMID: 36713176 PMCID: PMC9880171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures on offspring gut development and intestinal microorganisms are not yet known, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets. Methods 40 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (3-7 of parity) with similar backfat were randomly divided into two treatment groups: control diet (CON) and control diet +2.0 g/kg yeast culture (XPC), and the trial started on day 90 of gestation and ended on day 21 of lactation. Results The results showed that maternal addition of yeast culture significantly increased weaned piglet weight and mean daily gain (p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase litter weight gain (p = 0.083) and liver weight (p = 0.076) compared to the control group. The content of thymus malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the content of colon total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the offspring weaned piglets of the XPC group compared to the control group. The expression of thymus SOD1 and SOD2, spleen SOD1, jejunum SOD2, and colon GPX1, SOD1, and SOD2 were significantly downregulated in the XPC group of offspring weaned piglets compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology and the content of short-chain fatty acids in colonic chyme did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the XPC group significantly increased the relative abundance of colonic chyme Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), tended to decrease the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.078), and tended to increase the relative abundance of Alloprevotella (p = 0.055). The XPC group significantly upregulated Blautia and Fournierella (p < 0.05) and significantly downregulated Candidatus_Competibacter, Nitrospira, Dechloromonas, Haliangium, and Oscillospira (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, maternal addition of yeast cultures improved the growth performance of offspring weaned piglets and changed the intestinal microbial community, but did not improve their antioxidant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Liu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shengyu Xu, ✉
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Zeng Y, Dai X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Gifty ZB, Sun W, Tang Z. Effect of Dietary Pomelo Peel Powder on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, Immune Function, Antioxidant Function, Ileum Morphology, and Colonic Microflora of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223216. [PMID: 36428442 PMCID: PMC9687033 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial evaluated how dietary-accommodated pomelo peel powder (PPP) affected average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), diarrhea, antioxidation, and colonic microbial in weaned piglets. Thirty piglets weaned at 28 d were divided into three groups: a basal diet (CON); a CON containing 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC); and a CON containing 8 g/kg (PPP). This trial had a period of 28 days. Piglets supplemented with PPP had higher ADFI and ADG than piglets in CTC and CON (p < 0.05). The diarrhea rate in PPP and CTC was lower than in CON in the 3rd and 4th weeks (p < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and total antioxidant capacity in PPP were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-4, insulin-like growth factor-I, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and IgG concentrations in the PPP and CTC groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ concentrations and the cecal pH in PPP were lower than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IgA concentrations of piglets in PPP were lower than in CTC (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus height/crypt depth of the ileum of piglets in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between PPP and CTC (p > 0.05). The Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria relative abundances in PPP and CTC (p < 0.05) were lower than those in CON, whereas the Bacteroidetes relative abundances in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON. The Prevotellaceae relative abundance in CTC was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Lactobacillaceae relative abundance in CTC was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). The Ruminococcaceae relative abundance in PPP was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Veillonellaceae relative abundance in PPP was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). PPP can improve ADFI and ADG, relieve diarrhea, and enhance the colonic microflora of weaned piglets. Therefore, PPP is expected to replace CTC as a feed additive to alleviate weaning stress and ensure normal growth and development of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Xinrui Dai
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Chen
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Ziema Bumbie Gifty
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1399-6192-900
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Song WJ, Song QL, Chen XL, Liu GH, Zou ZH, Tan J, Liu LX, Zeng YB. Effects of honeycomb extract on the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant function and intestinal microorganisms of yellow bantam broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101811. [PMID: 35709681 PMCID: PMC9207294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have already described the physiological effects of bee products, such as honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly, on livestock farming, the health benefits of the honeycomb are still not fully understood. The problem of drug residues and bacterial resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics is becoming increasingly serious. For this reason, a safe, green substitute has to be sought. We conducted a comparative study of honeycomb extract (HE) and an antibiotic on growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant function and intestinal microorganisms of yellow bantam broilers. A total of four hundred eighty 21-day-old female yellow bantam broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates of 16 birds each. The 5 groups were as follows, with birds receiving a basal diet supplemented with 150 ppm (mg/kg) of chlortetracycline (CTE), a basal diet without HE (control group), and a basal diet with 0.1%, 0.15%, or 0.2% HE for 60 days. The results showed that HE addition significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), decrease feed gain ratio (F/G) from 21 to 80 and 51 to 80 days of age compared to the control group, with all 3 HE addition groups having statistically identical values to the antibiotic group. HE implementation dramatically increased spleen index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM,), glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and total cecum bacteria and Lactobacillus compared to the control group, numerically at the same level as, or even better than, the antibiotic group. HE and CTE both markly reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration compared to the control group, with higher concentrations of HE reducing the effect more dramatically than antibiotics. Both HE and CTE significantly raised dressed yield compared to the control group. In summary, HE, as a potential antibiotic alternative, improved growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal microorganisms in yellow bantam broilers. According to the cubic regression analyses, the recommended supplemental dose of HE was calculated to be 0.15 to 0.17% for female yellow bantam broilers between 21 and 80 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - Q L Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China.
| | - X L Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - G H Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - Z H Zou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - J Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - L X Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
| | - Y B Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
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Guo K, Xu S, Zeng Z. "Liver-gut" axis: A target of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1050709. [PMID: 36531498 PMCID: PMC9747758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when fat accumulates in the liver even without excessive alcohol intake. Among the current therapeutic approaches for NAFLD, lifestyle modification with dietary changes and regular exercise is the mainstay treatment. With the rise of intestinal microecology, regulation of the "liver-gut" axis can be an effective treatment for NAFLD. This review aimed to assess the modulation of the liver-gut microbiota axis with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a therapeutic approach to NAFLD and further explored its application in the newly discovered therapeutic avenues beyond NAFLD treatment.
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Zheng SJ, Luo Y, Xiao JH. The Impact of Intestinal Microorganisms and Their Metabolites on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1123-1139. [PMID: 35431564 PMCID: PMC9012311 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s355749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology comprising numerous genetic and environmental factors; however, many of the mechanisms underlying disease development remain unclear. Nevertheless, a critical role has recently been assigned to intestinal microorganisms in T1DM disease pathogenesis. In particular, a decrease in intestinal microbial diversity, increase in intestinal permeability, and the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the pancreas have been reported in patients and animal models with T1DM. Moreover, intestinal microbial metabolites differ between healthy individuals and patients with T1DM. Specifically, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which contributes to intestinal barrier integrity and immune response regulation, is significantly reduced in patients with T1DM. Considering this correlation between intestinal microorganisms and T1DM, many studies have investigated the potential of intestinal microbiota in preventive and therapeutic strategies for T1DM. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide further support for the notion that intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of T1DM occurrence and development. In particular, this article reviews the involvement of the intestinal microbiota and the associated metabolites in T1DM pathogenesis, as well as recent studies on the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in T1DM prevention and treatment. CONCLUSION Intestinal microbes and their metabolites contribute to T1DM occurrence and development and may become a potential target for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Zheng
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian-Hui Xiao, Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, HuiChuan District, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Tang X, Liu X, Zhong J, Fang R. Potential Application of Lonicera japonica Extracts in Animal Production: From the Perspective of Intestinal Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719877. [PMID: 34434181 PMCID: PMC8381474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) extract is rich in active substances, such as phenolic acids, essential oils, flavones, saponins, and iridoids, which have a broad spectrum of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that L. japonica has a good regulatory effect on animal intestinal health, which can be used as a potential antibiotic substitute product. However, previous studies about intestinal health regulation mainly focus on experimental animals or cells, like mice, rats, HMC-1 Cells, and RAW 264.7 cells. In this review, the intestinal health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, and its potential application in animal production were summarized. Through this review, we can see that the effects and mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health regulation of farm and aquatic animals are still rare and unclear. Further studies could focus on the regulatory mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health especially the protective effects of L. japonica extract on oxidative injury, inflammation, and regulation of intestinal flora in farm animals and aquatic animals, thereby providing references for the rational utilization and application of L. japonica and its extracts in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, College of Biotechnology, Hengyang, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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22
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Zhang K, Wang N, Lu L, Ma X. Fermentation and Metabolism of Dietary Protein by Intestinal Microorganisms. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:807-811. [PMID: 32048966 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200212095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein is linked to the intestinal microorganisms. The decomposition of dietary protein can provide nutrients for microbial growth, which in turn can ferment protein to produce some metabolites. This review elaborates that the effects of different protein levels and types on intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites fermented by intestinal microorganisms, as well as the effects of these metabolites on organisms. It is well known that intestinal microbial imbalance can cause some diseases. Dietary protein supplementation can alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms and thus regulates the body health. However, protein can also produce some harmful metabolites. Therefore, how to rationally supplement protein is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081,China
| | - Lin Lu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193, China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wen Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Tan Z, Wu K. Sex Differences in Intestinal Microbial Composition and Function of Hainan Special Wild Boar. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1553. [PMID: 32887230 PMCID: PMC7552319 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health and disease status of the host. Research on the effect of sex on animal intestinal microorganisms is still limited; and the effect of castration on the gut microbiome of male pigs has not been fully investigated. In this study, 30 Hainan special wild boars at the same growth stage were divided into three groups (10 entire males, 10 females, and 10 castrated males). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate the fecal microbiota of the Hainan special wild boar. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria were the five dominant phyla found in the specimens. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in the microbiota of female pigs than in male pigs, while Firmicutes was on the contrary. The percentage of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus was higher in males than females. The microbial diversity of females was significantly higher compared to males; castration increased the intestinal microbial diversity of males. Functional prediction showed that male fecal microorganisms were rich in membrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism; energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were rich in the female group; the fecal microorganisms of castrated males had higher membrane transport abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Kebang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.W.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Vázquez L, Flórez AB, Redruello B, Mayo B. Metabolism of Soy Isoflavones by Intestinal Bacteria: Genome Analysis of an Adlercreutzia Equolifaciens Strain That Does Not Produce Equol. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E950. [PMID: 32586036 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are transformed in the gut into more estrogen-like compounds or into inactive molecules. However, neither the intestinal microbes nor the pathways leading to the synthesis of isoflavone-derived metabolites are fully known. In the present work, 73 fecal isolates from three women with an equol-producing phenotype were considered to harbor equol-related genes by qPCR. After typing, 57 different strains of different taxa were tested for their ability to act on the isoflavones daidzein and genistein. Strains producing small to moderate amounts of dihydrodaidzein and/or O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) from daidzein and dihydrogenistein from genistein were recorded. However, either alone or in several strain combinations, equol producers were not found, even though one of the strains, W18.34a (also known as IPLA37004), was identified as Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, a well-described equol-producing species. Analysis and comparison of A. equolifaciens W18.34a and A. equolifaciens DSM19450T (an equol producer bacterium) genome sequences suggested a deletion in the former involving a large part of the equol operon. Furthermore, genome comparison of A. equolifaciens and Asaccharobacter celatus (other equol-producing species) strains from databases indicated many of these also showed deletions within the equol operon. The present results contribute to our knowledge to the activity of gut bacteria on soy isoflavones.
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López-Colom P, Castillejos L, Barba-Vidal E, Zhu Y, Puyalto M, Mallo JJ, Martín-Orúe SM. Response of gastrointestinal fermentative activity and colonic microbiota to protected sodium butyrate and protected sodium heptanoate in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4 . Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:339-359. [PMID: 31342760 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1641376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of two new fat-protected butyrate or heptanoate salts to improve gut health and control post-weaning colibacillosis in weaning piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4+, particularly focusing on their impact on intestinal microbiota and fermentative activity along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Seventy-two 21-d-old pigs were fed a plain diet (CTR) or supplemented with sodium butyrate (BUT) or sodium heptanoate (HPT), both at 0.3%. After a week of adaptation, animals were orally challenged at days 8 and 9 with 5.8 · 109 and 6.6 · 1010 cfu, respectively, and were euthanised on d 4 and d 8 post-inoculation (PI) (n = 8) to collect blood, digesta and tissue samples and characterise microbial groups, pathogen loads (qPCR), fermentation, ileal histomorphometry and immune markers. Colonic microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing. Supplementing both acid salts did not compensate clinical challenge effects nor performance impairments and neither histomorphometry nor serum biomarkers. Changes in the gastric fermentative activity were registered, BUT reducing lactic acid concentrations (day 8 PI), and with HPT fewer animals presenting detectable concentrations of propionic, butyric and valeric acids. At ileum BUT increased acetic acid concentration (day 8 PI), and both additives reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the colon. Increases in enterobacteria and coliforms counts in ileal digesta (day 4 PI, p < 0.10) and mucosa scrapes (p < 0.05) were registered although E. coli F4 gene copies were unaffected. Regarding changes in the colonic microbiota (day 4 PI), Prevotellaceae and Prevotella were promoted with BUT supplementation whereas only minor groups were modified in HPT-treated animals. Summarising, although the pathogen loads or inflammatory mediators remained unresponsive, butyrate and heptanoate showed a significant impact on microbial fermentation along the whole GIT, being able to modify different bacterial groups at the colon. It could be hypothesised that these effects might be mediated by a carry-over effect of the changes observed in gastric fermentation, but possibly also to a better nutrient digestion in the foregut as a result of the reduced colonic SCFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola López-Colom
- a Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- a Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Emili Barba-Vidal
- a Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Yanan Zhu
- a Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | | | | | - Susana M Martín-Orúe
- a Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
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Pinna C, Vecchiato CG, Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Stefanelli C, Grandi M, Gatta PP, Biagi G. An in vitro evaluation of the effects of a Yucca schidigera extract and chestnut tannins on composition and metabolic profiles of canine and feline faecal microbiota. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:395-412. [PMID: 28758797 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1355039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of a Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) and tannins from chestnut wood on composition and metabolic activity of canine and feline faecal microbiota was evaluated. Four treatments were carried out: control diet, chestnut tannins (CT), YSE and CT + YSE. The YSE was added to canine and feline faecal cultures at 0.1 g/l, while CT were added at 0.3 g/l for a 24-h incubation. A total of 130 volatile compounds were detected by means of headspace-solid phase microextraction gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Several changes in the metabolite profiles of fermentation fluids were found, including a decrease of alcohols (-19%) and esters (-42%) in feline and canine inoculum, respectively, which was due to the antibacterial properties of tannins. In canine inoculum, after 6 h, YSE + CT caused lower cadaverine concentrations (-37%), while ammonia (-4%) and quinolone (-27%) were reduced by addition of CT. After 24 h, the presence of CT resulted in a decrease of sulphur compounds, such as dimethyl sulphide (-69%) and dimethyl disulphide (-20%). In feline faecal cultures, after 6 h, CT lowered the amount of indole (-48%), whereas YSE tended to decrease trimethylamine levels (-16%). Both in canine and feline inoculum, addition of CT and, to a minor extent, YSE affected volatile fatty acids patterns. In canine faecal cultures, CT exerted a marginal inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli population (-0.45 log 10 numbers of DNA copies/ml), while enterococci were increased (+2.06 log 10 numbers of DNA copies/ml) by YSE. The results from the present study show that YSE and tannins from chestnut wood exert different effects on the composition and metabolism of canine and feline faecal microbiota. In particular, the supplementation of YSE and tannins to diets for dogs and cats may be beneficial due to the reduction of the presence of some potentially toxic volatile metabolites in the animals' intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pinna
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , Italy
| | | | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- b Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research , University of Bologna , Cesena , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- b Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research , University of Bologna , Cesena , Italy.,c Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- d Department for Life Quality Studies , University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Monica Grandi
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Gatta
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , Italy
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is produced from linoleic acid (LA) by bacteria in the rumen of herbivores. CLA enters the human diet mainly via milk fat and fatty beef; it acts as an effective anticarcinogen and exhibits other important physiological effects. The objective of the current study was to investigate the capability of a LA-conjugating bacterial community isolated from a human volunteer and associated with germ-free rats to supply the host with CLA. Gnotobiotic rats were fed a diet enriched with esterified LA in the form of sunflower-seed oil. The control group was fed the same diet and remained germ-free. Bacterial cell counts, in vitro LA-conjugation activities, and CLA concentration in feces and in the contents of various intestinal segments were determined. After 10 wk, various tissues were analyzed for CLA concentrations. LA-conjugation activity was found only in feces, cecum and colon content samples from associated rats, but CLA accumulation in various body tissues did not differ significantly between the two groups. The ratio of CLA to LA in feces and in cecal and colonic contents did not differ between groups, indicating that the microorganisms in the cecum and the colon do not synthesize substantial amounts of CLA in vivo and therefore, do not contribute to the CLA supplementation of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kamlage
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
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