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Lutze P, Brenmoehl J, Tesenvitz S, Ohde D, Wanka H, Meyer Z, Grunow B. Effects of Temperature Adaptation on the Metabolism and Physiological Properties of Sturgeon Fish Larvae Cell Line. Cells 2024; 13:269. [PMID: 38334662 PMCID: PMC10854621 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how Atlantic sturgeon cells respond to elevated temperatures, shedding light on the potential impacts of climate change on fish. Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), an IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List species and evolutionarily related to paleonisiform species, may have considerable physiological adaptability, suggesting that this species may be able to cope with changing climatic conditions and higher temperatures. To test this hypothesis, the AOXlar7y cell line was examined at 20 °C (control) and at elevated temperatures of 25 °C and 28 °C. Parameters including proliferation, vitality, morphology, and gene expressions related to proliferation, stemness, and stress were evaluated. Additionally, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of cellular changes, mitochondrial and metabolic activities were assessed using Seahorse XF96. AOXlar7y cells adapted to 28 °C exhibited enhanced mitochondrial adaptability, plasticity, heightened cell proliferation, and increased hsp70 expression. Increased baseline respiration indicated elevated ATP demand, which is potentially linked to higher cell proliferation and heat stress defense. Cells at 28 °C also displayed elevated reserve respiration capacity, suggesting adaptation to energy demands. At 25 °C, AOXlar7y cells showed no changes in basal respiration or mitochondrial capacity, suggesting unchanged ATP demand compared to cells cultivated at 20 °C. Proliferation and glycolytic response to energy requirements were diminished, implying a connection between glycolysis inhibition and proliferation suppression. These research results indicate sturgeon cells are capable of withstanding and adapting to an 8 °C temperature increase. This cellular analysis lays a foundation for future studies aimed at a deeper understanding of fish cell physiological adaptations, which will contribute to a better knowledge of environmental threats facing Atlantic sturgeon and fish populations amid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lutze
- Fish Growth Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (J.B.); (D.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Stephanie Tesenvitz
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Daniela Ohde
- Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (J.B.); (D.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Heike Wanka
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Zianka Meyer
- Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (J.B.); (D.O.); (Z.M.)
- Diagenom GmbH, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bianka Grunow
- Fish Growth Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
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Antonopoulou E, Kolygas M, Panteli N, Gouva E, Kontogeorgiou P, Feidantsis K, Chatzopoulos A, Bitchava K, Zacharis C, Bonos E, Giannenas I, Skoufos I, Andreadis SS, Skoulakis G, Athanassiou CG, Nathanailides C. Breeding Substrate Containing Distillation Residues of Mediterranean Medicinal Aromatic Plants Modulates the Effects of Tenebrio molitor as Fishmeal Substitute on Blood Signal Transduction and WBC Activation of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2537. [PMID: 37570345 PMCID: PMC10417334 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This work assesses the dietary use of two insect meals of Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae reared in conventional (TM-10) or MAP-enriched substrates (MAP-TM-10) as fish meal replacements (10%) in the diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish (n = 4500; 207.19 ± 1.47 g) were divided into three groups with triplicates: control (fed conventional diet), TM-10, and MAP-TM-10 groups. The fish were reared in floating cages for 12 weeks and the dietary effects on white blood cell activation, heat shock proteins, MAPKs, and apoptosis of the fish were evaluated. The MAP-TM-10 group exhibited the highest eosinophilic induction. Phosphorylated levels of p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK, HSP70, and HSP90 increased in the TM-10 and MAP-TM-10 groups. In terms of apoptosis, Bax levels were lower in the TM groups compared to the control, and the MAP-TM-10 group showed even lower levels than the TM-10 group. Bcl-2 levels increased in the TM-10 group compared to the control, and further increased in the MAP-TM-10 group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an apoptosis indicator, decreased in the TM groups, with the MAP-TM-10 group showing a further decrease compared to TM-10. These findings suggest that insects' breeding substrate being enriched with MAPs modulated the effect of TM on cellular stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Markos Kolygas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (M.K.)
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Gouva
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (M.K.)
| | - Panagiota Kontogeorgiou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 26504 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Achilleas Chatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Bitchava
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Skaloma Fishery [A.C], 46300 Sagaida, Greece
| | - Christos Zacharis
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (M.K.)
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (M.K.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (M.K.)
| | - Stefanos S. Andreadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Georgios Skoulakis
- AgriScienceGEO, Melpomenis Str. P.O. Box 60561, Industrial Area of Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos G. Athanassiou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece
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Makri V, Feidantsis K, Porlou D, Ntokou A, Georgoulis I, Giantsis IA, Anestis A, Michaelidis B. Red porgy's (Pagrus pagrus) cellular physiology and antioxidant defense in response to seasonality. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103527. [PMID: 37055131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Physiological stress patterns of marine organisms in their natural habitats are considerably complex in space and time. These patterns can eventually contribute in the shaping of fish' thermal limits under natural conditions. In the view of the knowledge gap regarding red porgy's thermal physiology, in combination with the characterization of the Mediterranean Sea as a climate change ''hotspot'', the aim of the present study was to investigate this species biochemical responses to constantly changing field conditions. To achieve this goal, Heat Shock Response (HSR), MAPKs pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were estimated and exhibited a seasonal pattern. In general, all the examined biochemical indicators expressed high levels parallel to the increasing seawater temperature in spring, although several bio-indicators have shown increased levels when fish were cold-acclimatized. Similar to other sparids, the observed patterns of physiological responses in red porgy may support the concept of eurythermy.
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Bousdras T, Feidantsis K, Panteli N, Chatzifotis S, Piccolo G, Gasco L, Gai F, Antonopoulou E. Dietary Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal Inclusion Exerts Tissue-Specific Effects on Cellular, Metabolic, and Antioxidant Status in European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) and Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:9858983. [PMID: 36860434 PMCID: PMC9973136 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9858983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study addresses the effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal inclusion on cytoprotective, cell death pathways, antioxidant defence, and intermediate metabolism in the heart, muscle, and digestive tract of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 0%, 25%, or 50% inclusion TM levels. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) induction was apparent in both species' muscle at 50% inclusion. Conversely, p44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) activation was increased (p < 0.05) in both species' muscle and digestive tract at 25% inclusion. Regarding the apoptotic machinery, TM inclusion exerted no influence on gilthead seabream, while suppression through autophagy may have occurred in the muscle. However, significant apoptosis (p < 0.05) was evident in European sea bass muscle and digestive tract. Both fish species' heart seemed to additionally rely on lipids compared to muscle and digestive tract. In contrast to gilthead seabream, European sea bass exhibited increased (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity at 50% TM inclusion. The present findings highlight the dietary derived induction of cellular responses in a species- and tissue-specific manner, whereas European sea bass appears to be more susceptible to TM inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bousdras
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Chatzifotis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, P.O. Box 2214, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cascarano MC, Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Mladineo I, Thompson KD, Papandroulakis N, Katharios P. Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:1205. [PMID: 34578236 PMCID: PMC8466566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Biology Center of Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
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Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Lika K, Michail P, Tsalafouta A, Mohamed AH, Nikos P. Thermal tolerance, metabolic scope and performance of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, reared under high water temperatures. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103063. [PMID: 34503801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the thermal tolerance, metabolic capacity and performance of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) reared under three high water temperatures (24, 29 and 34 °C) for three months. The analysis includes the thermal effects on the growth performance, metabolism and physiology of meagre, including a range of molecular, haematological, metabolic, enzymatic and hormonal indicators, as well as the effects on the proximate composition and ingestion speed. Meagre performs best between 24 and 29 °C while the temperature of 34 °C is very close to the upper end of its temperature tolerance range. At 34 °C meagre exhibits a poor growth performance and physiological status, increased blood clotting, high mortality rates and a diminished capacity for aerobic metabolism, as indicated by its low aerobic scope (129 mg kg-1 h-1). Meagre may tolerate short exposures to high temperatures after sufficient acclimation (Critical thermal maximum of 37.5 °C after acclimation to 29 °C) but its overall performance declines under prolonged exposure, suggesting that this emerging aquaculture species may be vulnerable to global warming. Our work corroborates previous findings on the thermal preferences of the species, identifies critical biological thresholds, and provides insights into the effects of prolonged exposure to high temperature regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece; Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71500, Crete, Greece.
| | - Konstadia Lika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Pavlidis Michail
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleka Tsalafouta
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Asaad H Mohamed
- Beacon Development, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Papandroulakis Nikos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, 71500, Crete, Greece
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Finger JW, Kelley MD, Zhang Y, Hamilton MT, Elsey RM, Mendonca MT, Kavazis A. Short-term capture stress and its effects on corticosterone levels and heat shock proteins in captive American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important mediators of the normal cellular function and the cellular stress response. As such, HSPs are often utilized to measure the effects of stressors on organisms in vivo. However, multiple variables can influence their expression, including time or season, confounding results. To investigate the utility of HSPs in measuring effects of stressors in a top-trophic carnivore, we captured 20 American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802)), placed them in burlap sacks for 2 h and collected blood samples over four time points (baseline, 1 and 2 h after placement into burlap sacks, and 24 h after initial capture) to measure plasma corticosterone (the main crocodilian glucocorticoid) and levels of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. Time point significantly affected plasma corticosterone levels in Alligators (p < 0.0001), with levels significantly elevated at 1, 2, and 24 h, relative to baseline (all p < 0.05). However, capture stress did not affect HSP60, HSP70, or HSP90 in red blood cells (all p > 0.05). Our results suggest HSPs may be important biomarkers for investigating the impacts of stressors on captive and wild crocodilians, as they are not acutely elevated by capture or handling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Finger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Meghan D. Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Matthew T. Hamilton
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ruth M. Elsey
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, LA 70643, USA
| | - Mary T. Mendonca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Andreas Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Alfonso S, Gesto M, Sadoul B. Temperature increase and its effects on fish stress physiology in the context of global warming. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1496-1508. [PMID: 33111333 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of fishes to cope with environmental variation is considered to be a main determinant of their fitness and is partly determined by their stress physiology. By 2100, global ocean temperature is expected to rise by 1-4°C, with potential consequences for stress physiology. Global warming is affecting animal populations worldwide through chronic temperature increases and an increase in the frequency of extreme heatwave events. As ectotherms, fishes are expected to be particularly vulnerable to global warming. Although little information is available about the effects of global warming on stress physiology in nature, multiple studies describe the consequences of temperature increases on stress physiology in controlled laboratory conditions, providing insight into what can be expected in the wild. Chronic temperature increase constitutes a physiological load that can alter the ability of fishes to cope with additional stressors, which might compromise their fitness. In addition, rapid temperature increases are known to induce acute stress responses in fishes and might be of ecological relevance in particular situations. This review summarizes knowledge about effects of temperature increases on the stress physiology of fishes and discusses these in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alfonso
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuel Gesto
- Section for Aquaculture, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, UM2, CNRS, Sète, France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes Cedex, France
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Feidantsis K, Pörtner HO, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B. Advances in understanding the impacts of global warming on marine fishes farmed offshore: Sparus aurata as a case study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1509-1523. [PMID: 33161577 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring variations in proteins involved in metabolic processes, oxidative stress responses, cell signalling and protein homeostasis is a powerful tool for developing hypotheses of how environmental variations affect marine organisms' physiology and biology. According to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, thermal acclimation mechanisms such as adjusting the activities of enzymes of intermediary metabolism and of antioxidant defence mechanisms, inducing heat shock proteins (Hsps) or activating mitogen-activated protein kinases may all shift tolerance windows. Few studies have, however, investigated the molecular, biochemical and organismal responses by fishes to seasonal temperature variations in the field to link these to laboratory findings. Investigation of the impacts of global warming on fishes farmed offsore, in the open sea, can provide a stepping stone towards understanding effects on wild populations because they experience similar environmental fluctuations. Over the last 30 years, farming of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758) has become widespread along the Mediterranean coastline, rendering this species a useful case study. Based on available information, the prevailing seasonal temperature variations expose the species to the upper and lower limits of its thermal range. Evidence for this includes oxygen restriction, reduced feeding, reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli, plus a range of molecular and biochemical indicators that change across the thermal range. Additionally, close relationships between biochemical pathways and seasonal patterns of metabolism indicate a connection between energy demand and metabolic processes on the one hand, and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy on the other. Understanding physiological responses to temperature fluctuations in fishes farmed offshore can provide crucial background information for the conservation and successful management of aquaculture resources in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans O Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Physiologie Mariner Tiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Antonopoulou E, Chatzigiannidou I, Feidantsis K, Kounna C, Chatzifotis S. Effect of water temperature on cellular stress responses in meagre (Argyrosomus regius). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1075-1091. [PMID: 32124184 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Μeagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a newly introduced species in the aquaculture sector characterized by high growth rates and good nutritional value. However, the optimum conditions such as water temperature for the rearing of this species are still under research. The aim of the present study was to investigate several biochemical responses in the heart, muscle, liver, and intestine of meagre reared under different water temperatures (17, 23, and 26 °C) in comparison to the initial acclimation temperature at 20 °C. To assess its cellular stress response, the molecular markers of Hsp70 and Hsp90 induced levels, p38 MAPK and p44/42 MAPK phosphorylated levels, ubiquitin conjugates, and Bcl-2 levels were determined. Moreover, to investigate its antioxidant defense, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were measured. The obtained results in meagre showed a distinct tissue-specific response regarding the variations observed in the studied parameters under different acclimation temperatures. Specifically, most examined tissues presented a decrease in the levels of the examined markers compared to 20 °C, while in the intestine, an increase of Hsp70 and p38 MAPK levels was observed at 23 and 26 °C. However, data on the final weight and length of the fish lead to the conclusion that high water temperatures such as 26 °C might be the best for the rearing of this species. Therefore, it is assumed that the observed differential molecular responses may act in a cell-protective way at all temperatures, irrespectively of the effect of temperature on growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Chatzigiannidou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christiana Kounna
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavros Chatzifotis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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11
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Energetic, antioxidant, inflammatory and cell death responses in the red muscle of thermally stressed Sparus aurata. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:403-418. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Arjona FJ, Ruiz-Jarabo I, García-Lopez A, Flik G, Mancera JM. Water temperature affects osmoregulatory responses in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). J Therm Biol 2020; 88:102526. [PMID: 32126001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sea bream (Sparus aurata Linneaus) was acclimated to three salinity concentrations, viz. 5 (LSW), 38 (SW) and 55psμ (HSW) and three water temperatures regimes (12, 19 and 26 °C) for five weeks. Osmoregulatory capacity parameters (plasma osmolality, sodium, chloride, cortisol, and branchial and renal Na+,K+-ATPase activities) were also assessed. Salinity and temperature affected all of the parameters tested. Our results indicate that environmental temperature modulates capacity in sea bream, independent of environmental salinity, and set points of plasma osmolality and ion concentrations depend on both ambient salinity and temperature. Acclimation to extreme salinity resulted in stress, indicated by elevated basal plasma cortisol levels. Response to salinity was affected by ambient temperature. A comparison between branchial and renal Na+,K+-ATPase activities appears instrumental in explaining salinity and temperature responses. Sea bream regulate branchial enzyme copy numbers (Vmax) in hyperosmotic media (SW and HSW) to deal with ambient temperature effects on activity; combinations of high temperatures and salinity may exceed the adaptive capacity of sea bream. Salinity compromises the branchial enzyme capacity (compared to basal activity at a set salinity) when temperature is elevated and the scope for temperature adaptation becomes smaller at increasing salinity. Renal Na+,K+-ATPase capacity appears fixed and activity appears to be determined by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (Fondap IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Francisco J Arjona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Angel García-Lopez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gert Flik
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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An Experimental Brackish Aquaponic System Using Juvenile Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) and Rock Samphire (Crithmum maritimum). SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11184820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brackish aquaponics using Mediterranean fish and plants provides an alternative opportunity for a combined production of high-quality food products with high commercial and nutritional value. This is the first study that investigates the effect of two different salinities (8 and 20 ppt) on growth and survival of Sparus aurata and Crithmum maritimum along with the cellular stress pathways using the activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein family members and the water bacterial abundance. In total, 156 fish were used (average initial weight of 2.55 g, length of 5.57 cm) and 36 plants (average initial height of 8.23 cm) in floating racks above the 135 L fish tanks. Survival rate for both organisms was 100%. C. crithmum grew better at 8 ppt (t-test, p < 0.05). The growth rate of S. aurata was similar for both treatments (p > 0.05). HSPs and MAPK were differentially expressed, showing tissue-specific responses. The average bacterial abundance at the end of the experiment was higher (p < 0.05) in the 20 ppt (18.6 ± 0.91 cells × 105/mL) compared to the 8 ppt (6.8 ± 1.9 cells × 105/mL). The results suggest that the combined culture of euryhaline fish and halophytes provides good quality products in brackish aquaponics systems.
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Sánchez-Nuño S, Sanahuja I, Fernández-Alacid L, Ordóñez-Grande B, Carbonell T, Ibarz A. Oxidative attack during temperature fluctuation challenge compromises liver protein homeostasis of a temperate fish model. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 236:110311. [PMID: 31279671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in water temperature are a natural stressor of temperate fish that affect growth performance and metabolism globally. Gilthead sea bream is one of the most economically interesting species in the Mediterranean; but its liver metabolism is affected by the cold season. However, the effects of cold on protein turnover mechanisms have hardly been studied. Here, we study the relationship between liver oxidative status and protein homeostasis pathways during a 50-day low temperature period at 14 °C, and subsequent recovery at two times: 7 days (early recovery) and 30 days (late recovery). Liver redox status was determined by measuring oxidised lipids and proteins, the glutathione redox cycle and major antioxidant enzymes activities. Protein turnover was analysed via liver protein expression of HSP70 and HSP90; proteasome 26S subunits and polyubiquitination, as markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS); and cathepsin D, as a lysosomal protease. Low temperature exposure depressed antioxidant enzyme activities, affecting the glutathione redox cycle and reducing total glutathione levels. Both the UPS and lysosomal pathways were also depressed and consequently, oxidised protein accumulated in liver. Interestingly, both protein oxidation and polyubiquitination tagging depended on protein molecular weight. Despite all these alterations, temperature recovery reverted most consequences of the cold at different rates: with delayed recovery of total glutathione levels and oxidised protein degradation with respect to enzyme activities recovery. All these findings demonstrate that protein liver homeostasis is compromised after chronic cold exposure and could be the cause of liver affectations reported in aquaculture of temperate fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ordóñez-Grande
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Departament Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Madeira D, Mendonça V, Madeira C, Gaiteiro C, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Molecular assessment of wild populations in the marine realm: Importance of taxonomic, seasonal and habitat patterns in environmental monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:250-263. [PMID: 30447573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are currently faced with the challenge of assessing the effects of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Cellular stress response (CSR) biomarkers are ubiquitous and phylogenetically conserved among metazoans and have been successfully applied in environmental monitoring but they can also vary according to natural biotic and abiotic factors. The reported variability may thus limit the wide application of biomarkers in monitoring, imposing the need to identify variability levels in the field. Our aim was to carry out a comprehensive in situ assessment of the CSR (heat shock protein 70 kDa, ubiquitin, antioxidant enzymes) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) in wild populations across marine taxa by collecting fish, crustaceans, mollusks and cnidarians during two different seasons (spring and summer) and two habitat types (coast and estuary). CSR end-point patterns were different between taxa with mollusks having higher biomarker levels, followed by the cnidarians, while fish and crustaceans showed lower biomarker levels. The PCA showed clear clusters related to mobility/sessile traits with sessile organisms showing greater levels (>2-fold) of CSR proteins and oxidative damage. Mean intraspecific variability in the CSR measured by the coefficient of variation (% CV) (including data from all seasons and sites) was elevated (35-94%). Overall, there was a seasonal differentiation in biomarker patterns across taxonomic groups, especially evident in fish and cnidarians. A differentiation in biomarker patterns between habitat types was also observed and associated with phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. Overall, specimens collected in the estuary had lower biomarker levels when compared to specimens collected in the coast. This work highlights the importance of assessing baseline biomarker levels across taxa, seasons and habitats prior to applying biomarker analyses in environmental monitoring. Selecting bioindicator species, defining sampling strategies, and identifying confounding factors are crucial preliminary steps that ensure the success of biomarkers as powerful tools in biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Feidantsis K, Pörtner HO, Vlachonikola E, Antonopoulou E, Michaelidis B. Seasonal Changes in Metabolism and Cellular Stress Phenomena in the Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata). Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:878-895. [PMID: 29553887 DOI: 10.1086/697170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal temperature changes may take organisms to the upper and lower limit of their thermal range, with respective variations in their biochemical and metabolic profile. To elucidate these traits, we investigated metabolic and antioxidant patterns in tissues of sea bream Sparus aurata during seasonal acclimatization for 1 yr in the field. Metabolic patterns were assessed by determining lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activities, their kinetic properties and plasma levels of glucose, lactate, and triglycerides and tissue succinate levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by determining antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was determined as another source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, we studied the antiapoptotic protein indicator Bcl-2 and the apoptotic protein indicators Bax, Bad, ubiquitin, and caspase as well as indexes of autophagy (LC3B II/LC3B I and SQSTM1/p62) in the liver and the heart to identify possible relationships between oxidative stress and cell death. The results indicate clear seasonal metabolic patterns involving oxidative stress during summer as well as winter. During cold acclimatization, lipid oxidation is induced, while during increased temperatures, warm-induced metabolic activation and carbohydrate oxidation are observed. Thus, oxidative stress seems to be more prominent during warming because of the increased aerobic metabolism. The seasonal profile of apoptosis and XO as another source of ROS matches the results obtained in the laboratory and are interpreted within the framework of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance.
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17
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Antonopoulou E, Chouri E, Feidantsis K, Lazou A, Chatzifotis S. Effects of partial dietary supplementation of fish meal with soymeal on the stress and apoptosis response in the digestive system of common dentex ( Dentex dentex). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:14. [PMID: 29299441 PMCID: PMC5740929 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-017-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Soybean is a common alternative protein source of plant origin in aquafeeds as it has a reasonably balanced amino acid profile and is widely available. This study aimed to investigate the influence of partial substitution of fish meal with soy meal on cytoprotective pathways and apoptosis in the digestive system of common dentex (Dentex dentex), using the activation of Hsp70, p38 MAPK, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. The experimental approach involved feeding of common dentex with three isoprotein and isoenergetic diets that contained fish meal as a protein source (FM), partial replacement of fish meal by soy meal 25% (SM25) and 40% (SM40) for 3 months. Results The SM40 diet induced Hsp70 activation only in the middle part of intestine. On the other hand, both SM25 and SM40 diets diminished the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the anterior and the middle part of intestine, whereas only SM25 induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the stomach. Moreover, a decrease in the levels of caspase-3 activity was observed in the middle and posterior intestine, as well as in the stomach after feeding with SM25 diets. Furthermore, Bcl-2 levels were increased by SM40 in the anterior and by SM25 in the middle part of intestine. Conclusions SM25 and SM40 diets elicited a tissue and soy concentration specific cellular and cell protective response in the different parts of the digestive tract in common dentex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Chouri
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Chatzifotis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
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18
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Influence of water salinity on genes implicated in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey ( Odontesthes bonariensis ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 210:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Madeira D, Vinagre C, Mendonça V, Diniz MS. Seasonal changes in stress biomarkers of an exotic coastal species - Chaetopleura angulata (Polyplacophora) - Implications for biomonitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:401-408. [PMID: 28502455 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on baseline values of stress biomarkers in natural conditions is urgent due to the need of reference values for monitoring purposes. Here we assessed the cellular stress response of the chiton Chaetopleura angulata in situ. Biomarkers commonly used in environmental monitoring (heat shock protein 70kDa, total ubiquitin, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide-dismutase, lipid peroxidation) were analyzed in the digestive system, gills and muscle of C. angulata, under spring and summer conditions in order to assess seasonal tissue-specific responses. Season had an effect on all targeted organs, especially affecting the digestive system which displayed clear seasonal clusters. The respective Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) showed a 7.2-fold seasonal difference. Muscle and gills showed similar IBRs between seasons making them appropriate organs to monitor chemical pollution as they were less responsive to seasonal variation. The most stable biomarkers in these organs were ubiquitin and superoxide-dismutase thus being reliable for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO - Requimte, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mário Sousa Diniz
- UCIBIO - Requimte, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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20
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Schrama D, Richard N, Silva TS, Figueiredo FA, Conceição LEC, Burchmore R, Eckersall D, Rodrigues PML. Enhanced dietary formulation to mitigate winter thermal stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): a 2D-DIGE plasma proteome study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:603-617. [PMID: 27882445 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low water temperatures during winter are common in farming of gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean. This causes metabolic disorders that in extreme cases can lead to a syndrome called "winter disease." An improved immunostimulatory nutritional status might mitigate the effects of this thermal metabolic stress. A trial was set up to assess the effects of two different diets on gilthead sea bream physiology and nutritional state through plasma proteome and metabolites. Four groups of 25 adult gilthead sea bream were reared during winter months, being fed either with a control diet (CTRL) or with a diet called "winter feed" (WF). Proteome results show a slightly higher number of proteins upregulated in plasma of fish fed the WF. These proteins are mostly involved in the immune system and cell protection mechanisms. Lipid metabolism was also affected, as shown both by plasma proteome and by the cholesterol plasma levels. Overall, the winter feed diet tested seems to have positive effects in terms of fish condition and nutritional status, reducing the metabolic effects of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Richard
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomé S Silva
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Figueiredo
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís E C Conceição
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pedro M L Rodrigues
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Nilsson GE, Vaage J, Stensløkken KO. Oxygen- and temperature-dependent expression of survival protein kinases in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) heart and brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R50-61. [PMID: 25377478 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Living without oxygen is limited to very few vertebrates, one species being the fresh water fish crucian carp (Carassius carassius), which can survive months of anoxia at low temperatures. Mammalian heart and brain are particularly intolerant to oxygen deprivation, yet these organs can be conditioned to display increased resistance, possibly due to activation of several protein kinases. We hypothesized increased phosphorylation status of these kinases in hypoxic and anoxic crucian carp heart and brain. Moreover, we wanted to investigate whether the kinases showing the strongest phosphorylation during hypoxia/anoxia, ERK 1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK, PKCε, and PKCδ, also had increased expression and phosphorylation at cold temperatures, to better cope with the anoxic periods during winter. We found small differences in the phosphorylation status of ERK 1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK, PKCε, and PKCδ during 10 days of severe hypoxia in both heart and brain (0.3 mg O₂/l) and varying responses to reoxygenation. In contrast, 7 days of anoxia (<0.01 mg O₂/l) markedly increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK in the heart, and p38-MAPK and PKCε in the brain. Similarly, varying acclimation temperature between 4, 10 and 20°C induced large changes in phosphorylation status. Total protein expression in heart and brain neither changed during different oxygen regimes nor with different acclimation temperatures, except for ERK 1/2, which slightly decreased in the heart at 4°C compared with 20°C. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these protein kinases are evolutionarily conserved across a wide range of vertebrate species. Our findings indicate important roles of several protein kinases during oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran E Nilsson
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
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Synergistic effects of acute warming and low pH on cellular stress responses of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:185-205. [PMID: 25395253 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study assesses the resilience of the Mediterranean gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to acute warming and water acidification, using cellular indicators of systemic to molecular responses to various temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Tissue metabolic capacity derived from enzyme measurements, citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), as well as lactate dehydrogenase. Cellular stress and signaling responses were identified from expression patterns of Hsp70 and Hsp90, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNKs and ERKs, from protein ubiquitylation and finally from the levels of transcription factor Hif-1α as an indicator of systemic hypoxemia. Exposure to elevated CO2 levels at temperatures higher than 24 °C generally caused an increase in fish mortality above the rate caused by warming alone, indicating effects of the two factors and a failure of acclimation and thus the limits of phenotypic plasticity to be reached. As a potential reason, tissue-dependent induction and stabilization of Hif-1α indicate hypoxemic conditions. Their exacerbation by enhanced CO2 levels is linked to the persistent expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90, oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and ubiquitin pathways. Antioxidant defence is enhanced by expression of catalase and glutathione reductase, however, leaving superoxide dismutase suppressed by elevated CO2 levels. On longer timescales in specimens surviving warming and CO2 exposures, various metabolic adjustments initiate a preference to oxidize lipid via HOAD for energy supply. These processes indicate significant acclimation up to a limit and a time-limited capacity to survive extreme conditions passively by exploiting mechanisms of cellular resilience.
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