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Sutradhar S, Yasmin F, Roy A, Sarkar R, Mukherjee S. Age-related changes in the gut melatonin levels and its possible role in the regulation of feeding and digestibility, with the development of the gut from fingerling to adult stages of carp, Catla catla. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:647-660. [PMID: 37833416 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to understand the feeding-related age-bound changes in gut histoarchitecture and its response to gut melatonin (GM) titer regulating major digestive enzymes in carp, Catla catla. Therefore, gut samples were collected from different growth stages of carp, viz. (i) fingerling (FL), body weight (BW) ≥ 3 g to ≤ 20 g; (ii) advanced fingerling (AFL), BW > 20 g to ≤ 40 g; (iii) early juvenile (EJv), BW > 40 g to ≤ 70 g; (iv) juvenile (Jv), BW > 70 g to ≤ 200 g; (v) late juvenile (LJv), BW > 200 g to ≤ 300 g; (vi) preadult (PA), BW > 300 g to ≤ 500 g; (vii) subadult (SA), BW > 500 g to ≤ 1.00 kg; and (viii) adult (AD), BW > 1 kg to ≤ 2.5 kg. Data analysis revealed that the highest titer of GM was noted in FL, moderate in AFL, Jv, and PA, lower in EJv, SA, and AD, and lowest in LJv. Results depicted a negative correlation between the development of the gut and its melatonin content. Moreover, GM was positively associated with feeding intensity and gastro-somatic index (GaSI) and negatively related to ovarian onset and development. Following correlation and principal component analysis, several pieces of evidence were recorded on the role of gut melatonin in regulating digestive physiology. Finally, it indicates that gut melatonin has a progressively influential role in improving digestion, particularly protein and microbial digestion, with the development of an adult gut from the fingerling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Sutradhar
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling, 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Farha Yasmin
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling, 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling, 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Russel Sarkar
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling, 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, Darjeeling, 734013, West Bengal, India.
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Gao WT, Liu JX, Wang DH, Sun HJ, Zhang XY. Melatonin reduced colon inflammation but had no effect on energy metabolism in ageing Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109731. [PMID: 37611884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In photoperiod-sensitive wild animals, the secretion of melatonin (MT) is modulated by external photoperiod, and MT affects inflammation and the ageing process. The beneficial effects of MT in delaying the progress of ageing have been reported in laboratory mice and rats. However, little is known about MT in wild mammals. In the current study, we investigated energy metabolism, microbial community structure and colon homeostasis in ageing Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) through exogenous supplementation of MT to test the hypothesis that MT has beneficial effects on gut homeostasis in ageing gerbils. Exogenous MT supplementation had no effect on energy metabolism in Mongolian gerbils but reduced the levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immune globulin G (IgG) and corticosterone (CORT). The increase in the level of inflammation in ageing animals was related to changes in the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Treponema, Corynebacterium, and Sphingomonas was increased in ageing animals and decreased significantly by the treatment of MT. Christensenella and Lactobacillus were attenuated in ageing animals, and tended to be enhanced by MT treatment. Functions related to glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-ganglio series and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (metabolisms of cofactors, vitamins and glycan) were increased in ageing animals and decreased significantly by the treatment of MT. Our data suggest that a supplement of MT could improve colon homeostasis through changing the composition of gut microbiota and reducing inflammation in ageing gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Ji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sancho Santos ME, Horký P, Grabicová K, Steinbach C, Hubená P, Šálková E, Slavík O, Grabic R, Randák T. From metabolism to behaviour - Multilevel effects of environmental methamphetamine concentrations on fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163167. [PMID: 37003339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a concerning drug of abuse that produces strong psychostimulant effects. The use of this substance, along with the insufficient removal in the sewage treatment plants, leads to its occurrence in the environment at low concentrations. In this study, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were exposed to 1 μg/L of METH as environmental relevant concentration for 28 days in order to elucidate the complex effects resulting from the drug, including behaviour, energetics, brain and gonad histology, brain metabolomics, and their relations. Trout exposed to METH displayed lowered activity as well as metabolic rate (MR), an altered morphology of brain and gonads as well as changes in brain metabolome when compared to controls. Increased activity and MR were correlated to an increased incidence of histopathology in gonads (females - vascular fluid and gonad staging; males - apoptotic spermatozoa and peritubular cells) in exposed trout compared to controls. Higher amounts of melatonin in brain were detected in exposed fish compared to controls. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in locus coeruleus was related to the MR in exposed fish, but not in the control. Brain metabolomics indicated significant differences in 115 brain signals between control and METH exposed individuals, described by the coordinates within the principal component analyses (PCA) axes. These coordinates were subsequently used as indicators of a direct link between brain metabolomics, physiology, and behaviour - as activity and MR varied according to their values. Exposed fish showed an increased MR correlated with the metabolite position in PC1 axes, whereas the control had proportionately lower MR and PC1 coordinates. Our findings emphasize the possible complex disturbances in aquatic fauna on multiple interconnected levels (metabolism, physiology, behaviour) as a result of the presence of METH in aquatic environments. Thus, these outcomes can be useful in the development of AOP's (Adverse Outcome Pathways).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sancho Santos
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Hubená
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Šálková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slavík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Peter MCS, Gayathry R, Simi S, Peter VS. Melatonin integrates multidimensional regulation of Na +/K +-ATPase in ionocytes and promotes stress and ease response in hypoxia-induced air-breathing fish: lessons from integrative approach. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1012729. [PMID: 36714310 PMCID: PMC9879292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As circadian regulator, melatonin is involved in many physiological processes including ionosmotic regulation in fishes. Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), an ubiquitous Na+/K+ transporter in ionocyte epithelia that drives electrochemical Na+ gradients and systemic osmotic integration, is a target of stress in fish. However, it is not certain how melatonin regulates NKA functions in ionocyte epithelia and how it modulates the adaptive response such as stress and ease response in fish particularly in hypoxia condition. We, thus, examined the short-term in vivo action of melatonin on the dynamics of NKA regulation in branchial, renal and intestinal ionocytes of hypoxia-induced air-breathing fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch). Interestingly, we found a rise in plasma melatonin in fish when kept for 30 min of forced submergence in water and that indicates a role for melatonin in hypoxia tolerance. A fall in blood [Na+ , K+] occurred in these hypoxic fish which later showed a recovery after melatonin treatment. Similarly, melatonin favored the fall in NKA activity in branchial and renal epithelia of hypoxic fish, though it remarkably stimulated its activities in non-stressed fish. Likewise, melatonin that produced differential pattern of mRNA expression in nkaα1-subunit isoforms (nkaα1a, nkaα1b and nkaα1c) and melatonin receptor isoforms (mtnr1a, mtnr1bb, mtnr1bb x1x2 ) in the tested ionocyte epithelia, showed reversed expression in hypoxic fish. In addition, the rise in NKAα-protein abundance in branchial and renal epithelia of melatonin-treated hypoxic fish indicated a recovery action of melatonin. A higher NKAα-immunoreactivity was found in the immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent images of branchial ionocytes and renal proximal and distal ionocytes of hypoxic fish treated with melatonin. Furthermore, an activation of PKA and PKG-dependent phosphorylation was found in branchial epithelia of hypoxic fish. The generated integrative parabola model showed that melatonin has a maximum targeted action on NKA function in the renal epithelia, suggesting its lead role in the integration of ionosmotic balance during the recovery or ease response. Over all, the data indicate a multidimensional and preferential action of melatonin on NKA regulation in fish ionocytes that integrate the recovery action against hypoxia, thus pointing to a major role for melatonin in stress and ease response in this fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Subhash Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology-ICEIB, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India,Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India,*Correspondence: M. C. Subhash Peter,
| | - R. Gayathry
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology-ICEIB, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Simi
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology-ICEIB, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Valsa S. Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology-ICEIB, School of Life Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Yang C, Lu Z, Xia Y, Zhang J, Zou Z, Chen C, Wang X, Tian X, Cheng S, Jiang X. Alterations of Gut-Derived Melatonin in Neurobehavioral Impairments Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1899-1914. [PMID: 37057188 PMCID: PMC10088905 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s386240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has raised concerns about its potential toxicity. Melatonin is a neurohormone with tremendous anti-toxic effects. The enterochromaffin cells are an essential source of melatonin in vivo. However, studies on the effects of ZnONPs on endogenous melatonin are minimal. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ZnONPs exposure on gut-derived melatonin. Methods In the present study, 64 adult male mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups, and each group was exposed to ZnONPs (0, 6.5, 13, 26 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Subsequently, the neurobehavioral changes were observed. The effects of ZnONPs on the expression of melatonin-related genes arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat), melatonin receptor1A (Mt1/Mtnr1a), melatonin receptor1B (Mt2/Mtnr1b), and neuropeptide Y (Npy) on melatonin synthesis and secretion in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon during day and night were also assessed. Results The results revealed that oral exposure to ZnONPs induced impairments of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in adult mice during the day. The transcriptional analysis of brain tissues revealed that exposure to ZnONPs caused profound effects on genes and transcriptional signaling pathways associated with melatonin synthesis and metabolic processes during the day and night. We also observed that, in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon sites, ZnONPs resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of the gut-derived melatonin rate-limiting enzyme Aanat, the membrane receptors Mt1 and Mt2 and Npy during the day and night. Conclusion Taken together, this is the first study shows that oral exposure to ZnONPs interferes with melatonin synthesis and secretion in different intestinal segments of adult mice. These findings will provide novelty insights into the neurotoxic mechanisms of ZnONPs and suggest an alternative strategy for the prevention of ZnONP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cantao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuqun Cheng; Xuejun Jiang, Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Number 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-23-68485008, Fax +86-23-68485207, Email ;
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
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Sanjita Devi H, Rajiv C, Mondal G, Khan ZA, Devi SD, Bharali R, Chattoraj A. Influence of photoperiod variations on the mRNA expression pattern of melatonin bio-synthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina: A study in relation to the serum melatonin profile in the tropical carp Catla catla. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1569-1581. [PMID: 36205436 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-dwelling C. catla were exposed to different photoperiods (8L:16D, 12L:12D, 12D:12L and 16L:8D) and the mRNA level profile of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis was evaluated in the pineal gland and retina. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the serum melatonin profile with the mRNA level was also performed. The results indicated diurnal variations in the transcripts of tph1, aanat and hiomt in the pineal organ and retina, and these variations change with the change in lighting regime. The serum melatonin profile showed rhythmicity in the natural photoperiod, but the serum melatonin level increased proportionally with increasing daylength. In short photoperiods, the peak value (though lower than in long photoperiods) of melatonin maintains a longer duration in serum. Moreover, the comparative analysis revealed a similar profile of mRNA of pineal aanat1 and aanat2 with serum melatonin under the same lighting conditions. This indicates that serum melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. Our results specify the importance of day length and the timing of onset or offset of the dark for maintaining the oscillating levels of serum melatonin and mRNA levels of melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes in the pineal organ and retina as well. The findings in this study highlight the distinctive pattern of mRNA levels in the pineal organ and retina under different photoperiods. The pineal melatonin biosynthesizing enzyme genes showed a similar pattern with serum melatonin levels while the retinal genes changed dramatically with photoperiod. We also revealed a light-dependent transcriptional regulation of pineal aanat genes in C. catla. Moreover, our results suggest that ALAN and skyglow can influence the levels of serum melatonin and its biosynthesis, resulting in desynchronization of the entire biological clock as well as the overall physiology of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chongtham Rajiv
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Gopinath Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
| | - Rupjyoti Bharali
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
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Mardones O, Oyarzún-Salazar R, Labbé BS, Miguez JM, Vargas-Chacoff L, Muñoz JLP. Intestinal variation of serotonin, melatonin, and digestive enzymes activities along food passage time through GIT in Salmo salar fed with supplemented diets with tryptophan and melatonin. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 266:111159. [PMID: 35114387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In teleosts, peripheral serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin (MEL) are synthesised in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and regulate secretion and motility processes. Their production is regulated by diet and the passage of food through the GIT. This study aimed to evaluate how intestinal 5-HT, melatonin, and the activity of digestive enzymes varied with food passage time through GIT in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We fed fish diets supplemented with tryptophan and melatonin (L-Trp 2.5% and MEL 0.01%) and measured the activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and total protease) in the pyloric caeca, midgut, and hindgut at different times after feeding. 5-HT levels increased in all GIT portions and diets at 120 min post-intake and were highest in the pyloric caeca. Intestinal enzymatic activity was varied with diet, post-intake time and in different intestinal portions. In conclusion, food passage time directly affects GIT 5-HT secretion and digestive enzyme activity in S. salar, and diet composition regulates S. salar GIT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mardones
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún-Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - B S Labbé
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile; Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención manejo, Producción, Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J M Miguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Facultad de Biología, Universidade Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - J L P Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
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Zhao ZX, Yuan X, Cui YY, Liu J, Shen J, Jin BY, Feng BC, Zhai YJ, Zheng MQ, Kou GJ, Zhou RC, Li LX, Zuo XL, Li SY, Li YQ. Melatonin Mitigates Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in Microbiota-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2022; 12:783806. [PMID: 35116024 PMCID: PMC8805729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of type 2 cytokines are elevated in the blood and intestinal tissues of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in the active phase; this phenomenon indicates the participation of type 2 immune response in UC progression. The beneficial effects of melatonin in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis models have been illustrated, but its role in the oxazolone (Oxa)-induced colitis model (driven by type 2 immune response) remains relatively unknown. We investigated the relationship between melatonin concentration and the severity of UC, revealing a significantly negative correlation. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of melatonin in Oxa-induced colitis mice and the potential underlying mechanisms. Administration of melatonin significantly counteracted body weight loss, colon shortening, and neutrophil infiltration in Oxa-induced colitis mice. Melatonin treatment mitigated Oxa-induced colitis by suppressing type 2 immune response. In addition, melatonin attenuated intestinal permeability by enhancing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colitis mice. Interestingly, the protective effect of melatonin was abolished when the mice were co-housed, indicating that the regulation of gut microbiota by melatonin was critical in alleviating Oxa-induced colitis. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to explore the microbiota composition. Decreased richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level resulted from melatonin treatment. Melatonin also elevated the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a well-known probiotic, and reduced proportions of several harmful bacterial genera, such as Desulfovibrio, Peptococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to explore the role of microbiota in the function of melatonin in Oxa-induced colitis. Microbiota transplantation from melatonin-treated mice alleviated Oxa-induced colitis, suggesting that the microbiome participates in the relief of Oxa-induced colitis by melatonin. Our findings demonstrate that melatonin ameliorates Oxa-induced colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner, suggesting the therapeutic potential of melatonin in treating type 2 immunity-associated UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-xiao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-yan Cui
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bi-ying Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-cheng Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-jiao Zhai
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-qi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guan-jun Kou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ru-chen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi-yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Wu H, Cui X, Guan S, Li G, Yao Y, Wu H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yu T, Li Y, Lian Z, Zhang L, Liu G. The Improved Milk Quality and Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase ( ASMT) Overexpressed Goats: An Association with the Elevated Endogenous Melatonin Production. Molecules 2022; 27:572. [PMID: 35056885 PMCID: PMC8778916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic animal production is an important means of livestock breeding and can be used to model pharmaceutical applications. METHODS In this study, to explore the biological activity of endogenously produced melatonin, Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT)-overexpressed melatonin-enriched dairy goats were successfully generated through the use of pBC1-ASMT expression vector construction and prokaryotic embryo microinjection. RESULTS These transgenic goats have the same normal phenotype as the wild-type goats (WT). However, the melatonin levels in their blood and milk were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, the quality of their milk was also improved, showing elevated protein content and a reduced somatic cell number compared to the WT goats. No significant changes were detected in the intestinal microbiota patterns between groups. When the animals were challenged by the intravenous injection of E. coli, the ASMT-overexpressed goats had a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to the WT goats. Metabolic analysis uncovered a unique arachidonic acid metabolism pattern in transgenic goats. CONCLUSIONS The increased melatonin production due to ASMT overexpression in the transgenic goats may have contributed to their improved milk quality and enhanced the anti-inflammatory ability compared to the WT goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xudai Cui
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yujun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haixin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tianjin 300192, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tuan Yu
- Tianheng Animal Health and Product Quality Supervision Station, Qingdao 266200, China;
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Qingdao Senmiao Industrial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.)
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10
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Dharmajyoti Devi S, Mondal G, Khan ZA, Sarma HK, Chattoraj A. Differential gene expression and immunohistochemical localization of the key melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes in the testis of zebrafish (Danio rerio). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1926078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Gopinath Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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Mondal G, Dharmajyoti Devi S, Khan ZA, Yumnamcha T, Rajiv C, Sanjita Devi H, Chattoraj A. The influence of feeding on the daily rhythm of mRNA expression on melatonin bio-synthesizing enzyme genes and clock associated genes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1905989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Mondal
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Chongtham Rajiv
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Haobijam Sanjita Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
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Yang M, Guan S, Tao J, Zhu K, Lv D, Wang J, Li G, Gao Y, Wu H, Liu J, Cao L, Fu Y, Ji P, Lian Z, Zhang L, Liu G. Melatonin promotes male reproductive performance and increases testosterone synthesis in mammalian Leydig cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1322-1336. [PMID: 33709108 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells play a critical role in male reproductive physiology, and their dysfunction is usually associated with male infertility. Melatonin has an important protective and regulatory role in these cells. However, the lack of suitable animal models impedes us from addressing the impact of endogenous melatonin on these cells. In the current study, by using arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) overexpression transgenic sheep and AANAT knockout mice, we confirmed the regulatory effects of endogenously occurring melatonin on Leydig cells as well as its beneficial effects on male reproductive performance. The results showed that the endogenously elevated melatonin level was correlated with decreased Leydig cell apoptosis, increased testosterone production, and improved quality of sperm in melatonin-enriched transgenic mammals. Signal transduction analysis indicated that melatonin targeted the mitochondrial apoptotic Bax/Bcl2 pathway and thus suppressed Leydig cell apoptosis. In addition, melatonin upregulated the expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR), Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), and Transcription factor GATA-4 (Gata4) in Leydig cells. This action was primarily mediated by the melatonin nuclear receptor RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) since blockade of this receptor suppressed the effect of melatonin on testosterone synthesis. All of these actions of melatonin cause Leydig cells to generate more testosterone, which is necessary for spermatogenesis in mammals. In contrast, AANAT knockout animals have dysfunctional Leydig cells and reduced reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingli Tao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Beijing Institute of Feed Control, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Yasmin F, Sutradhar S, Das P, Mukherjee S. Gut melatonin: A potent candidate in the diversified journey of melatonin research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 303:113693. [PMID: 33309697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After being discovered from the bovine pineal gland by Aaron Lerner and co-workers in the year 1958, various distinguished researchers have reported melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyl-tryptamine) from several extra-pineal sources, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the year 1974, Raikhlin and Kvetnoy first detected this molecule in the gastrointestinal tissue. Later, within the last 45 years, many renowned investigators found that the GIT is a rich source of melatonin, in addition to the pineal gland. In the carp gut, the estimation of Arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA/protein levels, which is the rate-determining enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland, confirmed the endogenous synthesis of melatonin. The remarkable feature of the pineal gland melatonin is its rhythmic synthesis with a peak at dark-phase and lowest at light-phase in synchronization with seasonal environmental light-dark (LD) cycle. Recent studies on carp demonstrated that the melatonin concentrations and the AANAT protein intensities in different gut segments underwent significant daily fluctuations. However, compared to the melatonin rhythm in the pineal gland, the melatonin profiles in gut tissue displayed daily rhythm in parallel with the feeding cycle of the carp, irrespective of LD conditions of the environment. Notably, in carp, the temporal pattern of the gut melatoninergic system found to vary with the environmental non-photic signal(s), such as food entrainment factors (viz. availability of food, timing of food supply, number(s) of feed per day, quality of food) those act as the most dependable synchronizer(s) in daily rhythm characteristics of gut melatonin and AANAT. Thereby in this review, it appears meaningful to highlight the existing data on the mode of synthesis of melatonin in cells of the digestive tract, and most importantly, the regulation of its synthesis. Finally, in comparison with the dynamic actions of melatonin derived from the pineal gland, this review will lead to underline the role of gut-derived melatonin in a variety of physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Yasmin
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Sona Sutradhar
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Poulami Das
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Fish Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.
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14
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Wu H, Yao S, Wang T, Wang J, Ren K, Yang H, Ma W, Ji P, Lu Y, Ma H, He C, Wei W, Zhang L, Liu G. Effects of Melatonin on Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) of Holstein Cow with High SCS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040834. [PMID: 33562613 PMCID: PMC7915447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease in cows breeding. The milk quality will be significantly reduced with increased milk somatic cells, which often occurs in cows with mastitis. In this study, the influence of seasonal changes, age and lactation stages in the Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) of cows was investigated. Then, the Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) of cows with high somatic cell score (SCS) after melatonin treatment was systemically investigated. The results showed that melatonin significantly suppressed the milk somatic cell score under all of the tested conditions. The melatonin treatment also improved the milk nutritional value by reducing its fat but increasing its lactose and protein contents. The application of melatonin significantly improved the DHI. The beneficial effects of melatonin on DHI are likely attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Songyang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Chang Ping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102200, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Beijing 100012, China; (J.W.); (K.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kang Ren
- Beijing Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Beijing 100012, China; (J.W.); (K.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hai Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenkui Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Pengyun Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Beijing 100012, China; (J.W.); (K.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Ma
- Beijing Shou Nong Food Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100029, China; (H.M.); (C.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Changwang He
- Beijing Shou Nong Food Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100029, China; (H.M.); (C.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Beijing Shou Nong Food Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100029, China; (H.M.); (C.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (W.M.); (P.J.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6273-2735
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Etayo A, Le HTMD, Araujo P, Lie KK, Sæle Ø. Dietary Lipid Modulation of Intestinal Serotonin in Ballan Wrasse ( Labrus bergylta)- In Vitro Analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:560055. [PMID: 33833735 PMCID: PMC8021958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.560055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is pivotal in the complex regulation of gut motility and consequent digestion of nutrients via multiple receptors. We investigated the serotonergic system in an agastric fish species, the ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) as it represents a unique model for intestinal function. Here we present evidence of the presence of enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) in the gut of ballan wrasse comprising transcriptomic data on EC markers like adra2a, trpa1, adgrg4, lmxa1, spack1, serpina10, as well as the localization of 5-HT and mRNA of the rate limiting enzyme; tryptophan hydroxylase (tph1) in the gut epithelium. Second, we examined the effects of dietary marine lipids on the enteric serotonergic system in this stomach-less teleost by administrating a hydrolyzed lipid bolus in ex vivo guts in an organ bath system. Modulation of the mRNA expression from the tryptophan hydroxylase tph1 (EC cells isoform), tph2 (neural isoform), and other genes involved in the serotonergic machinery were tracked. Our results showed no evidence to confirm that the dietary lipid meal did boost the production of 5-HT within the EC cells as mRNA tph1 was weakly regulated postprandially. However, dietary lipid seemed to upregulate the post-prandial expression of tph2 found in the serotonergic neurons. 5-HT in the intestinal tissue increased 3 hours after "exposure" of lipids, as was observed in the mRNA expression of tph2. This suggest that serotonergic neurons and not EC cells are responsible for the substantial increment of 5-HT after a lipid-reach "meal" in ballan wrasse. Cells expressing tph1 were identified in the gut epithelium, characteristic for EC cells. However, Tph1 positive cells were also present in the lamina propria. Characterization of these cells together with their implications in the serotonergic system will contribute to broad the scarce knowledge of the serotonergic system across teleosts.
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Kupprat F, Hölker F, Kloas W. Can skyglow reduce nocturnal melatonin concentrations in Eurasian perch? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114324. [PMID: 32179225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) changes the natural rhythm of light and darkness and can impair the biorhythms of animals, for example the nocturnal melatonin production of vertebrates, which serves as a proxy for daily physiological rhythms. Freshwater fish are exposed to ALAN in large urban and suburban areas in the form of direct light or in the form of skyglow, a diffuse brightening of the night sky through the scattered light reflected by clouds, atmospheric molecules, and particles in the air. However, investigations on the sensitivity of melatonin production of fish towards low intensities of ALAN in the range of typical skyglow are rare. Therefore, we exposed Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) to nocturnal illumination levels of 0.01 lx, 0.1 lx and 1 lx and a control group with dark nights and daylight intensities of 2900 lx in all groups. After ten days of exposure to the experimental conditions, tank water was non-invasively sampled every 3 h over a 24 h period and melatonin was measured by ELISA. Melatonin was gradually reduced in all treatments with increasing intensity of ALAN whereas rhythmicity was maintained in all treatment groups although at 1 lx not all evaluated parameters confirmed rhythmicity. These results show a high sensitivity of Eurasian perch towards ALAN indicating that low light intensities of 0.01 lx and 0.1 lx as they occur in urban and suburban areas in the form of skyglow can affect the physiology of Eurasian perch. Furthermore, we highlight how this may impact perch in their sensitivity towards lunar rhythms and the role of skyglow for biorhythms of temperate freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kupprat
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
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Pomianowski K, Gozdowska M, Burzyński A, Kalamarz-Kubiak H, Sokołowska E, Kijewska A, Kulczykowska E. A study of aanat and asmt expression in the three-spined stickleback eye and skin: Not only “on the way to melatonin”. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 241:110635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Lv Y, Li Y, Li J, Bian C, Qin C, Shi Q. A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32118037 PMCID: PMC7010912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is important in vertebrates for its crucial roles in regulation of various physiological functions. Investigations on how the biosynthesizing enzymes mediate serotonin production and conversion during biological processes have been active in the past decades. However, a clear-cut picture of these enzymes in molecular evolution is very limited, particularly when the complexity is imaginable in fishes since teleosts had experienced additional whole genome duplication (WGD) event(s) than tetrapods. Since serotonin is the main intermediate product during melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan, we therefore summarize an overview of recent discoveries about molecular evolution of the four melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes, especially the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) for serotonin production and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) for serotonin conversion in vertebrates. Novel copies of these genes, possibly due to WGD, were discovered in fishes. Detailed sequence comparisons revealed various variant sites in these newly identified genes, suggesting functional changes from the conventional recognition of these enzymes. These interesting advances will benefit readers to obtain new insights into related genomic differences between mammals and fishes, with an emphasis on the potential specificity for AANAT in naturally cave-restricted and deep-sea fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
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Ciani E, Haug TM, Maugars G, Weltzien FA, Falcón J, Fontaine R. Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:605111. [PMID: 33505357 PMCID: PMC7831660 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key hormone involved in the photoperiodic signaling pathway. In both teleosts and mammals, melatonin produced in the pineal gland at night is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, providing rhythmic information to the whole organism. Melatonin acts via specific receptors, allowing the synchronization of daily and annual physiological rhythms to environmental conditions. The pituitary gland, which produces several hormones involved in a variety of physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, stress and reproduction, is an important target of melatonin. Melatonin modulates pituitary cellular activities, adjusting the synthesis and release of the different pituitary hormones to the functional demands, which changes during the day, seasons and life stages. It is, however, not always clear whether melatonin acts directly or indirectly on the pituitary. Indeed, melatonin also acts both upstream, on brain centers that control the pituitary hormone production and release, as well as downstream, on the tissues targeted by the pituitary hormones, which provide positive and negative feedback to the pituitary gland. In this review, we describe the known pathways through which melatonin modulates anterior pituitary hormonal production, distinguishing indirect effects mediated by brain centers from direct effects on the anterior pituitary. We also highlight similarities and differences between teleosts and mammals, drawing attention to knowledge gaps, and suggesting aims for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude M. Haug
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Romain Fontaine,
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Ciani E, Fontaine R, Maugars G, Mizrahi N, Mayer I, Levavi-Sivan B, Weltzien FA. Melatonin receptors in Atlantic salmon stimulate cAMP levels in heterologous cell lines and show season-dependent daily variations in pituitary expression levels. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12590. [PMID: 31169933 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hormone melatonin connects environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature, with a number of physiological and behavioural processes, including seasonal reproduction, through binding to their cognate receptors. This study reports the structural, functional and physiological characterization of five high-affinity melatonin receptors (Mtnr1aaα, Mtnr1aaβ, Mtnr1ab, Mtnr1al, Mtnr1b) in Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic analysis clustered salmon melatonin receptors into three monophyletic groups, Mtnr1A, Mtnr1Al and Mtnr1B, but no functional representative of the Mtnr1C group. Contrary to previous studies in vertebrates, pharmacological characterization of four receptors in COS-7, CHO and SH-SY5Y cell lines (Mtnr1Aaα, Mtnr1Aaβ, Mtnr1Ab, Mtnr1B) showed induction of intracellular cAMP levels following 2-iodomelatonin or melatonin exposure. No consistent response was measured after N-acetyl-serotonin or serotonin exposure. Melatonin receptor genes were expressed at all levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis, with three genes (mtnr1aaβ, mtnr1ab and mtnr1b) detected in the pituitary. Pituitary receptors displayed daily fluctuations in mRNA levels during spring, prior to the onset of gonadal maturation, but not in autumn, strongly implying a direct involvement of melatonin in seasonal processes regulated by the pituitary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cAMP induction mediated via melatonin receptors in a teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ciani
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ian Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Muñoz JLP, Ocampos D, Poblete-Morales M, Oyarzún R, Morera FJ, Tapia-Cammas D, Avendaño-Herrera R, Vargas-Chacoff L. Effect of Flavobacterium psychrophilum on the neuroendocrine response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a time course experiment. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 236:110525. [PMID: 31301421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, a pathogen that is economically important in the aquaculture sector, on the neuroendocrine response of Oncorhynchus mykiss during a time course experiment with sampling at 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 10, and 30 days post injection (dpi). In the brain, serotonin (5HT) content increased in the infected group at all the measured time points, a similar pattern was observed for 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA). Infected fish presented an increase in brain dopamine levels on day 0.5 and 1 dpi. A non-significant variation in noradrenaline levels was observed on all treatment days. Foregut 5-HT and 5-HIAA content in the infected group presented the highest 5-HT concentrations with 248.6 and 983.5 ng/g tissue at 0.5 dpi respectively. Midgut 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels presented the highest 5-HT concentrations, 486.9 ng/g tissue and 1006.4 ng/g tissue respectively, at the beginning of the experiment (0.5 dpi). 5-HT levels in the hindgut presented the highest concentrations with 233.9 ng/g tissue at 0.5 dpi, while 5-HIAA presented the highest concentrations, 690.5 ng/g tissue, at the same time point. After injection with F. psychrophilum the neuroendocrine response in rainbow trout was tissue dependent. Brain levels of 5HT and 5HIIA indicate that the neuroendocrine response increased together with dopamine following intramuscular infection. These increases are in line with reports from other authors, indicating an early response of catecholamines as neurotransmitters to stressful stimulus. In addition the intestinal response was also increased, implying that there could be a possible relationship between the serotonergic system at the intestinal level and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L P Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - D Ocampos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Poblete-Morales
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - F J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Tapia-Cammas
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - R Avendaño-Herrera
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile; Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Quintay, Chile.
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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22
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Machado M, Azeredo R, Domingues A, Fernandez-Boo S, Dias J, Conceição LEC, Costas B. Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7689. [PMID: 31118462 PMCID: PMC6531542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae piscicida. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with Phdp (3 × 106 cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Domingues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernandez-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - J Dias
- Sparos Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, Olhão, Portugal
| | - L E C Conceição
- Sparos Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, Olhão, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, López-Olmeda JF, Vera LM, Migaud H, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM. Environmental Cycles, Melatonin, and Circadian Control of Stress Response in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:279. [PMID: 31244768 PMCID: PMC6579845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish have evolved a biological clock to cope with environmental cycles, so they display circadian rhythms in most physiological functions including stress response. Photoperiodic information is transduced by the pineal organ into a rhythmic secretion of melatonin, which is released into the blood circulation with high concentrations at night and low during the day. The melatonin rhythmic profile is under the control of circadian clocks in most fish (except salmonids), and it is considered as an important output of the circadian system, thus modulating most daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. Lighting conditions (intensity and spectrum) change in the underwater environment and affect fish embryo and larvae development: constant light/darkness or red lights can lead to increased malformations and mortality, whereas blue light usually results in best hatching rates and growth performance in marine fish. Many factors display daily rhythms along the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis that controls stress response in fish, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and its binding protein (Crhbp), proopiomelanocortin A and B (Pomca and Pomcb), and plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate. Many of these circadian rhythms are under the control of endogenous molecular clocks, which consist of self-sustained transcriptional-translational feedback loops involving the cyclic expression of circadian clock genes (clock, bmal, per, and cry) which persists under constant light or darkness. Exposing fish to a stressor can result in altered rhythms of most stress indicators, such as cortisol, glucose, and lactate among others, as well as daily rhythms of most behavioral and physiological functions. In addition, crh and pomca expression profiles can be affected by other factors such as light spectrum, which strongly influence the expression profile of growth-related (igf1a, igf2a) genes. Additionally, the daily cycle of water temperature (warmer at day and cooler at night) is another factor that has to be considered. The response to any acute stressor is not only species dependent, but also depends on the time of the day when the stress occurs: nocturnal species show higher responses when stressed during day time, whereas diurnal fish respond stronger at night. Melatonin administration in fish has sedative effects with a reduction in locomotor activity and cortisol levels, as well as reduced liver glycogen and dopaminergic and serotonergic activities within the hypothalamus. In this paper, we are reviewing the role of environmental cycles and biological clocks on the entrainment of daily rhythms in the HPI axis and stress responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Maria Vera
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Herve Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Antonio López-Patiño
- Laboratory Animal Physiology, Department Biology and Health Science, Faculty of Biology and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratory Animal Physiology, Department Biology and Health Science, Faculty of Biology and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Zhang C, Song XZ, Zhang Q, Pang YY, Lv JH, Tang BP, Cheng YX, Yang XZ. Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209617. [PMID: 30586462 PMCID: PMC6306232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During pond culture of Eriocheir sinensis, a high limb-impairment rate restricts the industry development and quality. Therefore, research on limb autotomy and regeneration has important practical significance for the industrial development and basic biology of E. sinensis. This study evaluated the changes in bud morphology, growth-related gene expression and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in E. sinensis. The study found that the new cheliped was pre-formed in the bud and then regenerated with the completion of molting of E. sinensis. The new cheliped was similar in morphology to the normal cheliped after the first molting but smaller in size. The qRT-PCR results of growth-related genes showed that the expression levels of EcR-mRNA (ecdysteroid receptor) and Chi-mRNA (chitinase) were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of MIH-mRNA (molt-inhibiting hormone) was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The nutritional status during the regeneration process showed that the hepatopancreas total lipid content decreased significantly within 28 days and was significantly lower in the autotomy group than in the control group at 14 d and 21 d (P < 0.05). The hepatopancreas fatty acid composition results showed that saturated fatty acids (SFA), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and n-3/n-6 were significantly higher in the autotomy group than in the control group at 21 d (P < 0.05), whereas the ∑ n-6 PUFA and ∑ n-3 PUFA at 1 d and 7 d, and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) at 28 d in the autotomy group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of eicosatetraenoic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) showed that DHA was significantly lower at 7 d and significantly higher at 21 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas ARA and EPA were not significantly different between the two groups. Muscle L-tryptophan content was significantly lower at 1 d and significantly higher at 7 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that during the cheliped regeneration process, crabs could accelerate molting and regeneration by regulating growth-related gene expression (e.g., EcR-mRNA and MIH-mRNA) and nutrient metabolism (e.g., lipid metabolism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Yang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Huan Lv
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yong-Xu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang K, Ruan Z, Li J, Bian C, You X, Coon SL, Shi Q. A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Survey Provides Novel Insights into N-Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase (ASMT) in Fish. Molecules 2017; 22:E1653. [PMID: 28974055 PMCID: PMC6151645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional bioactive molecule that plays comprehensive physiological roles in all living organisms. N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT, also known as hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase or HIOMT) is the final enzyme for biosynthesis of melatonin. Here, we performed a comparative genomic and transcriptomic survey to explore the ASMT family in fish. Two ASMT isotypes (ASMT1 and ASMT2) and a new ASMT-like (ASMTL) are all extracted from teleost genomes on the basis of phylogenetic and synteny analyses. We confirmed that C-terminal of the ASMTL proteins (ASMTL-ASMT) is homology to the full length of ASMT1 and ASMT2. Our results also demonstrate that the two ASMT isotypes and their distribution in teleosts seem to be the result of combinations of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and gene loss. Differences were also observed in tissue distribution and relative transcript abundances of ASMT1, ASMT2 and ASMTL through transcriptomic analysis. Protein sequence alignment and 3D structure prediction of ASMTs and ASMTL suggest differential roles for these ASMT genes. In summary, our current work provides novel insights into the ASMT genes in fish by combination of genomic and transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Xinxin You
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Steven L Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Molecular Genomics Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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Premabati Y, Singh KM, Gupta BBP. Inverse relationship between diurnal rhythms in plasma levels of thyroid hormones and pineal arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity in an air-breathing fish,Clarias gariepinus. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1350443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Premabati
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - K. M. Singh
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Braj B. P. Gupta
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Maitra SK, Pal PK. Melatonin rhythms in the pineal and non-pineal tissues and their physiological implications in subtropical fish. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1345453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Palash Kumar Pal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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Kulczykowska E, Kleszczyńska A, Gozdowska M, Sokołowska E. The time enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis in fish: Day/night expressions of three aralkylamine N -acetyltransferase genes in three-spined stickleback. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 208:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cowan M, Azpeleta C, López-Olmeda JF. Rhythms in the endocrine system of fish: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1057-1089. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Isorna E, de Pedro N, Valenciano AI, Alonso-Gómez ÁL, Delgado MJ. Interplay between the endocrine and circadian systems in fishes. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R141-R159. [PMID: 27999088 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is responsible for the temporal organisation of physiological functions which, in part, involves daily cycles of hormonal activity. In this review, we analyse the interplay between the circadian and endocrine systems in fishes. We first describe the current model of fish circadian system organisation and the basis of the molecular clockwork that enables different tissues to act as internal pacemakers. This system consists of a net of central and peripherally located oscillators and can be synchronised by the light-darkness and feeding-fasting cycles. We then focus on two central neuroendocrine transducers (melatonin and orexin) and three peripheral hormones (leptin, ghrelin and cortisol), which are involved in the synchronisation of the circadian system in mammals and/or energy status signalling. We review the role of each of these as overt rhythms (i.e. outputs of the circadian system) and, for the first time, as key internal temporal messengers that act as inputs for other endogenous oscillators. Based on acute changes in clock gene expression, we describe the currently accepted model of endogenous oscillator entrainment by the light-darkness cycle and propose a new model for non-photic (endocrine) entrainment, highlighting the importance of the bidirectional cross-talking between the endocrine and circadian systems in fishes. The flexibility of the fish circadian system combined with the absence of a master clock makes these vertebrates a very attractive model for studying communication among oscillators to drive functionally coordinated outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Valenciano
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sanjita Devi H, Rajiv C, Mondal G, Khan ZA, Dharmajyoti Devi S, Yumnamcha T, Bharali R, Chattoraj A. Melatonin bio-synthesizing enzyme genes (Tph1, Aanat1, Aanat2, and Hiomt) and their temporal pattern of expression in brain and gut of a tropical carp in natural environmental conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2016.1230337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobijam Sanjita Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Rajiv
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Gopinath Mondal
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Sijagurumayum Dharmajyoti Devi
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
| | - Rupjyoti Bharali
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 014, Assam, India
| | - Asamanja Chattoraj
- Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Animal Resources Programme, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, Manipur, India
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