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Zhou W, Zhang L, Wang G, Zhang Q, Cao H, Zhang H, Jia B, Tang Z, Li X, Liu L. Impacts of urban expansion on air temperature and humidity during 2022 mega-heatwave over the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175804. [PMID: 39209176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) experienced record-breaking heat in the summer of 2022. However, the urban heat pattern and the role of urban expansion over the last two decades in this hot summer have not been explored. Using the advanced mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we reproduced the fine spatial features and investigated the urban heat island (UHI) and dry island (UDI) effects during the two identified heatwaves in 2022. We further replace the current (2020) land use with the historical (2001) land use in WRF to evaluate the impacts of urban expansion from 2001 to 2020 on air temperature and moisture. Our finding revealed that the conversion of land use resulted in near-surface warming and drying, with pronounced diurnal variations, especially during the July heatwave. The analysis of surface energy balance demonstrated that the substantial decrease in evapotranspiration (ET) was the primary driver of daytime warming, elevating temperatures by 7 °C (July heatwave) and 2 °C (August heatwave). This ET reduction also led to the strong daytime coupling of warming and drying effects over new urban areas. At night, the release of stored heat resulted in the temperature increase of 2 °C (1 °C) during July (August) heatwave, highlighting the nighttime as a critical period for heightened thermal risk. Additionally, urban expansion at the periphery contributed modestly to the warming of urban cores, exacerbating conditions in an already hot environment. This study enhances understanding of the impacts of urban expansion on air temperature and humidity during extreme heatwaves, thereby supporting targeted adaptation and mitigation for extreme events within large cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (CYPC), Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (CYPC), Yichang 443002, China
| | - Benjun Jia
- China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (CYPC), Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Lu H, Gaur A, Lacasse M. Climate data for building simulations with urban heat island effects and nature-based solutions. Sci Data 2024; 11:731. [PMID: 38969645 PMCID: PMC11226665 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As cities face a changing climate, buildings will be subjected to increasing energy demand, heat stress, thermal comfort issues, and decreased service life. Therefore, evaluating building performance under climate change is essential for maintaining sustainable and resilient communities. To better prepare building simulation climate data with urban effects, a computationally efficient approach is used to generate "urbanized" data, where the city's unique signature is obtained through the dynamic Weather Research and Forecasting model for the Ottawa, Canada region. We demonstrate this process using existing climate data and extend it to prepare projections for scenarios where nature-based solutions, such as increased greenery and albedo, were implemented. The data consists of several 31-year time series of climate variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, cloud cover, and precipitation over different global warming thresholds. Such a dataset allows building practitioners to evaluate building performance under both historical and future climate conditions, as well as to evaluate the impacts of nature-based solutions to mitigate future climate change risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lu
- Construction Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Abhishek Gaur
- Construction Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Lacasse
- Construction Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Almulhim AI, Kafy AA, Ferdous MN, Fattah MA, Morshed SR. Harnessing urban analytics and machine learning for sustainable urban development: A multidimensional framework for modeling environmental impacts of urbanization in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120705. [PMID: 38569264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable urban development is crucial for managing natural resources and mitigating environmental impacts induced by rapid urbanization. This study demonstrates an integrated framework using machine learning-based urban analytics techniques to evaluate spatiotemporal urban expansion in Saudi Arabia (1987-2022) and quantify impacts on leading land, water, and air-related environmental parameters (EPs). Remote sensing and statistical techniques were applied to estimate vegetation health, built-up area, impervious surface, water bodies, soil characteristics, thermal comfort, air pollutants (PM2.5, CH4, CO, NO2, SO2), and nighttime light EPs. Regression assessment and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to assess the relationships between urban expansion and EPs. The findings highlight the substantial growth of urban areas (0.067%-0.14%), a decline in soil moisture (16%-14%), water bodies (60%-22%), a nationwide increase of PM2.5 (44 μg/m3 to 73 μg/m3) and night light intensity (0.166-9.670) concentrations resulting in significant impacts on land, water, and air quality parameters. PCA showed vegetation cover, soil moisture, thermal comfort, PM2.5, and NO2 are highly impacted by urban expansion compared to other EPs. The results highlight the need for effective and sustainable interventions to mitigate environmental impacts using green innovations and urban development by applying mixed-use development, green space preservation, green building technologies, and implementing renewable energy approaches. The framework recommended for environmental management in this study provides a robust foundation for evidence-based policies and adaptive management practices that balance economic progress and environmental sustainability. It will also help policymakers and urban planners in making informed decisions and promoting resilient urban growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz I Almulhim
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulla Al Kafy
- Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Md Nahid Ferdous
- Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Fattah
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Syed Riad Morshed
- Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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4
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Deng J, Yan W, Qin C, Du M, Liu M, Liu J. Association of temperature and precipitation with malaria incidence in 57 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: A worldwide observational study. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04021. [PMID: 38385445 PMCID: PMC10882640 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission of malaria is known to be affected by climatic factors. However, existing studies on the impact of temperature and precipitation on malaria incidence offer no clear-cut conclusions, and there is a lack of research on a global scale. We aimed to estimate the association of temperature and precipitation with malaria incidence globally from 2000 to 2019. Methods We used meteorological data from the National Centers for Environmental Information and malaria incidence data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to calculate effect sizes through quasi-Poisson generalised linear models while controlling for confounders. Results 231.4 million malaria cases occurred worldwide in 2019. National annual average temperature and precipitation were associated with malaria incidence, with an increase in the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of 2.01% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.00, 2.02) and 6.04% (95% CI = 6.00, 6.09) following one unit increase of national annual average temperature and precipitation. In subgroup analysis, we found that malaria incidence in Asian countries was most affected by temperature, while the incidence in African countries was most affected by precipitation (P < 0.05). Stratified by age, children under five were most affected by both temperature and precipitation (P < 0.05). We additionally found that the impact of the national annual average temperature on malaria incidence increased over time (P < 0.05). Conclusions We advocate for a comprehensive approach to malaria prevention, focussed on addressing the impact of climate factors through international collaboration, adaptive measures, and targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Qi M, Xu C, Zhang W, Demuzere M, Hystad P, Lu T, James P, Bechtel B, Hankey S. Mapping urban form into local climate zones for the continental US from 1986-2020. Sci Data 2024; 11:195. [PMID: 38351040 PMCID: PMC10864375 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization has altered land surface properties driving changes in micro-climates. Urban form influences people's activities, environmental exposures, and health. Developing detailed and unified longitudinal measures of urban form is essential to quantify these relationships. Local Climate Zones [LCZ] are a culturally-neutral urban form classification scheme. To date, longitudinal LCZ maps at large scales (i.e., national, continental, or global) are not available. We developed an approach to map LCZs for the continental US from 1986 to 2020 at 100 m spatial resolution. We developed lightweight contextual random forest models using a hybrid model development pipeline that leveraged crowdsourced and expert labeling and cloud-enabled modeling - an approach that could be generalized to other countries and continents. Our model achieved good performance: 0.76 overall accuracy (0.55-0.96 class-wise F1 scores). To our knowledge, this is the first high-resolution, longitudinal LCZ map for the continental US. Our work may be useful for a variety of fields including earth system science, urban planning, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Chunxue Xu
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Matthias Demuzere
- Urban Climatology Group, Department of Geography, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tianjun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin Bechtel
- Urban Climatology Group, Department of Geography, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Steve Hankey
- School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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6
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Chakraborty TC, Wang J, Qian Y, Pringle W, Yang Z, Xue P. Urban Versus Lake Impacts on Heat Stress and Its Disparities in a Shoreline City. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000869. [PMID: 38023387 PMCID: PMC10664081 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Shoreline cities are influenced by both urban-scale processes and land-water interactions, with consequences on heat exposure and its disparities. Heat exposure studies over these cities have focused on air and skin temperature, even though moisture advection from water bodies can also modulate heat stress. Here, using an ensemble of model simulations covering Chicago, we find that Lake Michigan strongly reduces heat exposure (2.75°C reduction in maximum average air temperature in Chicago) and heat stress (maximum average wet bulb globe temperature reduced by 0.86°C) during the day, while urbanization enhances them at night (2.75 and 1.57°C increases in minimum average air and wet bulb globe temperature, respectively). We also demonstrate that urban and lake impacts on temperature (particularly skin temperature), including their extremes, and lake-to-land gradients, are stronger than the corresponding impacts on heat stress, partly due to humidity-related feedback. Likewise, environmental disparities across community areas in Chicago seen for skin temperature are much higher (1.29°C increase for maximum average values per $10,000 higher median income per capita) than disparities in air temperature (0.50°C increase) and wet bulb globe temperature (0.23°C increase). The results call for consistent use of physiologically relevant heat exposure metrics to accurately capture the public health implications of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- TC. Chakraborty
- Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Environmental Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA
| | - Yun Qian
- Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - William Pringle
- Environmental Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Environmental Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geospatial EngineeringMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
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7
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Gao J, Bukovsky MS. Urban land patterns can moderate population exposures to climate extremes over the 21st century. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6536. [PMID: 37884501 PMCID: PMC10603141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and global urbanization have often been anticipated to increase future population exposure (frequency and intensity) to extreme weather over the coming decades. Here we examine how changes in urban land extent, population, and climate will respectively and collectively affect spatial patterns of future population exposures to climate extremes (including hot days, cold days, heavy rainfalls, and severe thunderstorm environments) across the continental U.S. at the end of the 21st century. Different from common impressions, we find that urban land patterns can sometimes reduce rather than increase population exposures to climate extremes, even heat extremes, and that spatial patterns instead of total quantities of urban land are more influential to population exposures. Our findings lead to preliminary suggestions for embedding long-term climate resilience in urban and regional land-use system designs, and strongly motivate searches for optimal spatial urban land patterns that can robustly moderate population exposures to climate extremes throughout the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences & Data Science Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Melissa S Bukovsky
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82072, USA.
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Shahfahad, Talukdar S, Islam ARMT, Das T, Naikoo MW, Mallick J, Rahman A. Application of advanced trend analysis techniques with clustering approach for analysing rainfall trend and identification of homogenous rainfall regions in Delhi metropolitan city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106898-106916. [PMID: 35930147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of global urbanization, the cities across the world are experiencing significant change in the climate pattern. However, analysing the trend and pattern of rainfall over the urban areas has a number of challenges such as availability of long-term data as well as the uneven distribution of rain-gauge stations. In this research, the rainfall regionalization approach has been applied along with the advanced statistical techniques for analysing the trend and pattern of rainfall in the Delhi metropolitan city. Fuzzy C-means and K-means clustering techniques have been applied for the identification of homogeneous rainfall regions while innovative trend analysis (ITA) along with the family of Mann-Kendall (MK) tests has been applied for the trend analysis of rainfall. The result shows that in all rain-gauge stations of Delhi, an increasing trend in rainfall has been recorded during 1991-2018. But the rate of increase was low as the trend slope of ITA and Sen's slope in MK tests are low, which varies between 0.03 and 0.05 and 0.01 and 0.16, respectively. Furthermore, none of the rain-gauge stations have experienced a monotonic trend in rainfall as the null hypothesis has not been rejected (p value > 0.05) for any stations. Furthermore, the study shows that ITA has a better performance than the family of MK tests. The findings of this study may be utilized for the urban flood mitigation and solving other issues related to water resources in Delhi and other cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahfahad
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Swapan Talukdar
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Tanmoy Das
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Waseem Naikoo
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Javed Mallick
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Jones AD, Rastogi D, Vahmani P, Stansfield AM, Reed KA, Thurber T, Ullrich PA, Rice JS. Continental United States climate projections based on thermodynamic modification of historical weather. Sci Data 2023; 10:664. [PMID: 37770463 PMCID: PMC10539322 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional climate models can be used to examine how past weather events might unfold under different climate conditions by simulating analogue versions of those events with modified thermodynamic conditions (i.e., warming signals). Here, we apply this approach by dynamically downscaling a 40-year sequence of past weather from 1980-2019 driven by atmospheric re-analysis, and then repeating this 40-year sequence a total of 8 times using a range of time-evolving thermodynamic warming signals that follow 4 80-year future warming trajectories from 2020-2099. Warming signals follow two emission scenarios (SSP585 and SSP245) and are derived from two groups of global climate models based on whether they exhibit relatively high or low climate sensitivity. The resulting dataset, which contains 25 hourly and over 200 3-hourly variables at 12 km spatial resolution, can be used to examine a plausible range of future climate conditions in direct reference to previously observed weather and enables a systematic exploration of the ways in which thermodynamic change influences the characteristics of historical extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Jones
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA.
- Energy and Resources Group, University of CA, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Deeksha Rastogi
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Pouya Vahmani
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Alyssa M Stansfield
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Kevin A Reed
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Travis Thurber
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
| | - Paul A Ullrich
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of CA, Davis, USA
| | - Jennie S Rice
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
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10
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Li M, Wang M, Chen J, Wu J, Xia Z. Sulfur dioxide improves the thermotolerance of maize seedlings by regulating salicylic acid biosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114746. [PMID: 36905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has become a serious threat to crop growth and yield. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is being verified as a signal molecule in regulating the plant stress response. However, it is unknown whether SO2 plays a significant role in the plant heat stress response (HSR). Herein, maize seedlings were pretreated with various concentrations of SO2 and then kept at 45 °C for heat stress treatment, aiming to study the effect of SO2 pretreatment on HSR in maize by phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical analyses. It was found that SO2 pretreatment greatly improved the thermotolerance of maize seedlings. The SO2-pretreated seedlings showed 30-40% lower ROS accumulation and membrane peroxidation, but 55-110% higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than the distilled water-pretreated seedlings under heat stress. Interestingly, endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels were increased by ∼85% in SO2-pretreated seedlings, as revealed by phytohormone analyses. Furthermore, the SA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol markedly reduced SA levels and attenuated SO2-triggered thermotolerance of maize seedlings. Meanwhile, transcripts of several SA biosynthesis and signaling, and heat stress-responsive genes in SO2-pretreated seedlings were significantly elevated under HS. These data have demonstrated that SO2 pretreatment increased endogenous SA levels, which activated the antioxidant machinery and strengthened the stress defense system, thereby improving the thermotolerance of maize seedlings under HS. Our current study provides a new strategy for mitigating heat stress damage for safe crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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11
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Tan H, Kotamarthi R, Wang J, Qian Y, Chakraborty TC. Impact of different roofing mitigation strategies on near-surface temperature and energy consumption over the Chicago metropolitan area during a heatwave event. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160508. [PMID: 36455737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of cool roofs, green roofs, and solar panel roofs on near-surface temperature and cooling energy demand through regional modeling in the Chicago metropolitan area (CMA). The new parameterization of green roofs and solar panel roofs based on model physics has recently been developed, updated, and coupled to a multilayer building energy model that is fully integrated with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. We evaluate the model performance against with observation measurements to show that our model is capable of being a suited tool to simulate the heatwave event. Next, we examine the impact by characterizing the near-surface air temperature and its diurnal cycle from experiments with and without the different rooftops. We also estimate the impact of the rooftop on the urban island intensity (UHII), surface heat flux, and the boundary layer. Finally, we measure the impact of the different rooftops on citywide air-conditioning consumption. Results show that the deployment of the cool roof can reduce the near-surface temperature most over urban areas, followed by green roof and solar panel roof. The cool roof experiment was the only one where the near-surface temperature trended down as the urban fraction increased, indicating the cool roof is the most effective mitigation strategy among these three rooftop options. For cooling energy consumption, it can be reduced by 16.6 %, 14.0 %, and 7.6 %, when cool roofs, green roofs, and solar panel roofs are deployed, respectively. Although solar panel roofs show the smallest reduction in energy consumption, if we assume that all electricity production can be applied to cooling demand, we can expect almost a savings of almost half (46.7 %) on cooling energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Tan
- Environmental Science Division (EVS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States.
| | - Rao Kotamarthi
- Environmental Science Division (EVS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Jiali Wang
- Environmental Science Division (EVS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Yun Qian
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - T C Chakraborty
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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Abstract
Owing to amplified impacts on human society and ecosystems, compound events (or extremes) have attracted ample attention in recent decades. China is particularly vulnerable to compound events due to the fast warming rate, dense populations, and fragile ecological environment. Recent studies have demonstrated tangible effects of climate change on compound events with mounting impacts on the economy, agriculture, public health, and infrastructure in China, posing unprecedented threats that are increasingly difficult to manage. Here, I synthesize recent progress in studies of compound events and associated impacts in China. Several lines of evidence indicate an increase in the frequency and intensity of multiple types of compound events across China. Future directions in studying compound events in China are suggested, including investigating extremes from a compound perspective, modeling compound events in the Anthropocene, quantitative evaluations of risks, and holistic adaptation measures of compound events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengchao Hao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Watershed Ecohydrological Processes in a Changing Environment: Opportunities and Challenges. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Basin ecohydrological processes are essential for informing policymaking and social development in response to growing environmental problems. In this paper, we review watershed ecohydrology, focusing on the interaction between watershed ecological and hydrological processes. Climate change and human activities are the most important factors influencing water quantity and quality, and there is a need to integrate watershed socioeconomic activities into the paradigm of watershed ecohydrological process studies. Then, we propose a new framework for integrated watershed management. It includes (1) data collection: building an integrated observation network; (2) theoretical basis: attribution analysis; (3) integrated modeling: medium- and long-term prediction of ecohydrological processes by human–nature interactions; and (4) policy orientation. The paper was a potential solution to overcome challenges in the context of frequent climate extremes and rapid land-use change.
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Shepherd M. The Curious Relationship Between COVID-19 Lockdowns and Urban Heat Islands. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL098198. [PMID: 35601503 PMCID: PMC9111280 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl098198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a life-altering shock to society. However, there have been serendipitous outcomes from the associated lockdowns ranging from improved air quality to reductions in carbon emissions. Liu et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096842) revealed that even the magnitude of the heat islands in Chinese cities were reduced due to a decline in human activities and their associated anthropogenic contributions. These surprising findings have significant implications for understanding intersections among climate, health, energy, urban planning, transportation, and infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Shepherd
- Department of GeographyAtmospheric Sciences ProgramUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
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