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Morbiducci U, Kok AM, Kwak BR, Stone PH, Steinman DA, Wentzel JJ. Atherosclerosis at arterial bifurcations: evidence for the role of haemodynamics and geometry. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:484-92. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerotic plaques are found at distinct locations in the arterial system, despite the exposure to systemic risk factors of the entire vascular tree. From the study of arterial bifurcation regions, emerges ample evidence that haemodynamics are involved in the local onset and progression of the atherosclerotic disease. This observed co-localisation of disturbed flow regions and lesion prevalence at geometrically predisposed districts such as arterial bifurcations has led to the formulation of a ‘haemodynamic hypothesis’, that in this review is grounded to the most current research concerning localising factors of vascular disease. In particular, this review focuses on carotid and coronary bifurcations because of their primary relevance to stroke and heart attack. We highlight reported relationships between atherosclerotic plaque location, progression and composition, and fluid forces at vessel’s wall, in particular shear stress and its ‘easier-tomeasure’ surrogates, i.e. vascular geometric attributes (because geometry shapes the flow) and intravascular flow features (because they mediate disturbed shear stress), in order to give more insight in plaque initiation and destabilisation. Analogous to Virchow’s triad for thrombosis, atherosclerosis must be thought of as subject to a triad of, and especially interactions among, haemodynamic forces, systemic risk factors, and the biological response of the wall.
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Bulant CA, Blanco PJ, Lima TP, Assunção AN, Liberato G, Parga JR, Ávila LFR, Pereira AC, Feijóo RA, Lemos PA. A computational framework to characterize and compare the geometry of coronary networks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 33:e02800. [PMID: 27169829 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a computational framework to perform a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the morphometry of coronary arteries from in vivo medical images. The methodology embraces image segmentation, arterial vessel representation, characterization and comparison, data storage, and finally analysis. Validation is performed using a sample of 48 patients. Data mining of morphometric information of several coronary arteries is presented. Results agree to medical reports in terms of basic geometric and anatomical variables. Concerning geometric descriptors, inter-artery and intra-artery correlations are studied. Data reported here can be useful for the construction and setup of blood flow models of the coronary circulation. Finally, as an application example, similarity criterion to assess vasculature likelihood based on geometric features is presented and used to test geometric similarity among sibling patients. Results indicate that likelihood, measured through geometric descriptors, is stronger between siblings compared with non-relative patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bulant
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, LNCC/MCTI, Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, Petrópolis, 25651-075, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine Assisted by Scientific Computing, INCT-MACC, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - P J Blanco
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, LNCC/MCTI, Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, Petrópolis, 25651-075, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine Assisted by Scientific Computing, INCT-MACC, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - T P Lima
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - A N Assunção
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - G Liberato
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - J R Parga
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - L F R Ávila
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - A C Pereira
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - R A Feijóo
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, LNCC/MCTI, Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, Petrópolis, 25651-075, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine Assisted by Scientific Computing, INCT-MACC, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - P A Lemos
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, INCOR-FM-USP, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 3rd floor, São Paulo-SP, 05403-000, Brazil
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Bulant CA, Blanco PJ, Pereira A, Lima TP, Assunção AN, Liberato G, Bezerra CG, Parga JR, Ávila LF, Feijóo RA, Lemos PA. On the search of arterial geometry heritability. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:1013-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Güngör B, Alper AT, Özcan KS, Ekmekçi A, Karadeniz FÖ, Mutluer FO, Kaya A, Karataş B, Osmonov D, Bolca O. Presence of sigma shaped right coronary artery is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with inferior myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 84:965-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barış Güngör
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Taha Alper
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kazım Serhan Özcan
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ekmekçi
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Fatma Özpamuk Karadeniz
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ferit Onur Mutluer
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Adnan Kaya
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Baran Karataş
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Damirbek Osmonov
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Osman Bolca
- Department of Cardiology; Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center; 34087 Istanbul Turkey
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Cataloguing the geometry of the human coronary arteries: a potential tool for predicting risk of coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2008; 135:43-52. [PMID: 18597872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-uniform distribution of atherosclerosis in the human vasculature suggests that local fluid dynamics or wall mechanics may be involved in atherogenesis. Thus certain aspects of vascular geometry, which mediates both fluid dynamics and wall mechanics, might be risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. Cataloguing the geometry of normal human coronary arteries and its variability is a first step toward identifying specific geometric features that increase vascular susceptibility to the disease. METHODS Images of angiographically normal coronary arteries, including 32 left anterior descending (LAD) and 35 right coronary arteries (RCA), were acquired by clinical biplane cineangiography from 52 patients. The vessel axes in end diastole were reconstructed and geometric parameters that included measures of curvature, torsion and tortuosity were quantified for the proximal, middle and distal segments of the arteries. RESULTS Statistical analysis shows that (1) in the LAD, curvature, torsion and tortuosity are generally highest in the distal portion, (2) in the RCA, these parameters are smallest in the middle segment, (3) the LAD exhibits significant higher torsion than the RCA (P < 0.005), and (4) >80% of the variability of coronary arterial geometry can be expressed in terms of two factors, one dominated by the curvature measures and tortuosity, and the other emphasizing the torsion parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study has comprehensively documented the normal arterial geometry of the LAD and RCA in end diastole. This information may be used to guide the identification of geometric features that might be atherogenic risk factors.
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McClelland EE, Bernhardt P, Casadevall A. Estimating the relative contributions of virulence factors for pathogenic microbes. Infect Immun 2006; 74:1500-4. [PMID: 16495520 PMCID: PMC1418678 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.3.1500-1504.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic microbes have multiple virulence factors that can cause damage to the host and thus contribute to an overall virulence phenotype for that organism. Although current techniques are suitable for demonstrating that a particular microbial characteristic contributes to virulence, no formal approach for defining the relative contributions of multiple virulence factors to overall virulence has been proposed. This paper describes the use of multivariate linear regression to estimate the relative contributions of virulence factors to the overall phenomenon of virulence. The approach is illustrated here with sample calculations of the relative contributions of individual Cryptococcus neoformans and Bacillus anthracis virulence factors to the overall virulence phenotype. These calculations were derived from a small underpowered experimental data set for the fungus and two larger sets of randomly generated data for both microbes. The major limitation of this method is a requirement for large data sets of microbial strains that differ in virulence and virulence factor expression. Multivariate linear regression can be used to identify the relative levels of importance of virulence factors in virulence studies, and this information can be used to prioritize antigen identification for vaccine development and the design of antimicrobial strategies that target virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E McClelland
- Department of Medicine, 702 Golding, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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