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Tian F, Huang S, Xu W, Xie G, Gan Y, Huang F, Fan Y, Bao J. Fasudil compensates podocyte injury via CaMK4/Rho GTPases signal and actin cytoskeleton-dependent activation of YAP in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110199. [PMID: 37094544 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of immune complexes in the glomerulus leads to irreversible renal damage in lupus nephritis (LN), of which podocyte malfunction arises earlier. Fasudil, the only Rho GTPases inhibitor approved in clinical settings, possesses well-established renoprotective actions; yet, no studies addressed the amelioration derived from fasudil in LN. To clarify, we investigated whether fasudil exerted renal remission in lupus-prone mice. In this study, fasudil (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to female MRL/lpr mice for 10 weeks. We report that fasudil administration swept antibodies (anti-dsDNA) and attenuated systemic inflammatory response in MRL/lpr mice, accompanied by preserving podocyte ultrastructure and averting immune complex deposition. Mechanistically, it repressed the expression of CaMK4 in glomerulopathy by preserving nephrin and synaptopodin expression. And fasudil further blocked cytoskeletal breakage in the Rho GTPases-dependent action. Further analyses showed that beneficial actions of fasudil on the podocytes required intra-nuclear YAP activation underlying actin dynamics. In addition, in vitro assays revealed that fasudil normalized the motile imbalance by suppressing intracellular calcium enrichment, thereby contributing to the resistance of apoptosis in podocytes. Altogether, our findings suggest that the precise manners of crosstalks between cytoskeletal assembly and YAP activation underlying the upstream CaMK4/Rho GTPases signal in podocytes is a reliable target for podocytopathies treatment, and fasudil might serve as a promising therapeutic agent to compensate for the podocyte injury in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tian
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuo Huang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wangda Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yihong Gan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fugang Huang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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2
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Ocaranza MP, Valderas P, Moya J, Gabrielli L, Godoy I, Córdova S, Nab PM, García L, Farías L, Jalil JE. Rho kinase cascade activation in circulating leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:56. [PMID: 32375786 PMCID: PMC7203835 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intracellular ROCK signaling pathway is an important modulator of blood pressure and of cardiovascular and renal remodeling when Rho-kinase activity is increased. Besides, in preclinical models of diabetes, ROCK activation has also a role in abnormal glucose metabolism as well as in subsequent vascular and myocardial dysfunction. In humans, there are a few data assessing ROCK activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and no studies assessing upstream/downstream components of the ROCK pathway. We assessed here levels of ROCK activation and some of the RhoA/ROCK cascade molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in T2D patients under current treatment. Methods Cross-sectional observational study comparing 28 T2D patients under current antidiabetic treatment with 31 consecutive healthy subjects, matched by age and gender. Circulating levels of malondialdehyde, angiotensin II and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in all subjects. ROCK activation in PMBCs, upstream and downstream cascade proteins, and levels of the proinflammatory molecules VCAM, ICAM-1 and IL-8 were determined in their PMBCs by Western blot. Results Compared to healthy controls, ROCK activation in T2D patients measured by 2 direct ROCK targets in PBMCs was increased by 420 and 570% (p < 0001) and it correlated significantly with serum glucose levels. p38 MAPK phosphorylation (downstream from ROCK) and JAK-2 (upstream from ROCK) were significantly higher in the T2D patients by 580% and 220%, respectively. In T2D patients, significantly increased PBMC levels of the proinflammatory molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-8 were observed compared to control subjects (by 180%, 360% and 260%, respectively). Circulating levels of Ang II and MDA were significantly higher in T2D patients by 29 and 63%, respectively. Conclusions T2D patients under treatment with glucose-lowering drugs, antihypertensive treatment as well as with statins have significantly increased ROCK activation in their circulating leukocytes along with higher phosphorylation of downstream cascade proteins despite pharmacologic treatment, along with increased plasma angiotensin II and MDA levels. ROCK inhibition might have an additional role in the prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Ocaranza
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile.,Center for New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Valderas
- Facultad de Medicina, Odontología, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Argentina 2000, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jackeline Moya
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Godoy
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Córdova
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Mac Nab
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Farías
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Piso 7, 8320000, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Xie F, Lei J, Ran M, Li Y, Deng L, Feng J, Zhong Y, Li J. Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice by Fasudil through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4126913. [PMID: 32685556 PMCID: PMC7345603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis induced by hyperglycemia are considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. As macrophage polarization may determine the severity and progression of inflammation, regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective method to treat diabetic complications. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether fasudil reduces hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulation of macrophage polarization remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of fasudil on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Our data showed that fasudil significantly decreased urinary protein and serum creatinine in diabetic mice, whereas it had no effect on the body weight and blood glucose. We also found increased M1-type macrophages and related proinflammatory cytokines, adverse fibrosis in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with fasudil increased the number of M2-type macrophages and related anti-inflammatory cytokines, which attenuated renal injury in diabetic mice. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fasudil could slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The possible mechanism might be associated with its induction of M2 macrophage polarization and the reduction of M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajiang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesen Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoxia Ran
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Inhibition of Rho-Kinase Downregulates Th17 Cells and Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Schistosoma japonicum Infection. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101262. [PMID: 31623153 PMCID: PMC6829618 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is an immunopathogenic disease in which Th17 cells play vital roles. Hepatic granuloma formation and subsequent fibrosis are its main pathologic manifestations and the leading causes of hepatic cirrhosis, and effective therapeutic interventions are lacking. In this study, we explored the effects of fasudil, a selective RhoA-Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on Th17 cells and the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. METHODS Mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum and treated with fasudil. The worm burden, hepatic granuloma formation, and fibrosis were evaluated. The roles of fasudil on Th17, Treg, and hepatic stellate cells were analyzed. RESULTS Fasudil therapy markedly reduced the granuloma size and collagen deposit in livers from mice infected with S. japonicum. However, fasudil therapy did not affect the worm burden in infected mice. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms were investigated. Fasudil suppressed the activation and induced the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. Fasudil inhibited the differentiation and effector cytokine secretion of Th17 cells, whereas it upregulated Treg cells in vitro. It also restrained the in vivo interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17 levels in infected mice. Fasudil directly induced the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and downregulated the expressions of hepatic fibrogenic genes, such as collagen type I (Col-I), Col-III, and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1). These effects may contribute to its anti-pathogenic roles in schistosomiasis. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil inhibits hepatic granuloma formation and fibrosis with downregulation of Th17 cells. Fasudil might serve as a novel therapeutic agent for hepatic fibrosis due to schistosome infections and perhaps other disorders.
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Santos GL, Hartmann S, Zimmermann WH, Ridley A, Lutz S. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases suppresses cardiac myofibroblast function in engineered connective and heart muscle tissues. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shao JZ, Qi Y, Du SS, Du WW, Li FZ, Zhang FY. In vitro inhibition of proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells by fasudil. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1253-1257. [PMID: 30140626 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the potential role of fasudil as a treatment for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of the human crystalline lens. METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs; line SRA01/04) was exposed to transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) to induce the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fasudil was applied to the cell samples. Its effect on overall HLECs proliferation and migration was studied, as was its influence on EMT induction by TGF-β2 using cell migration assay, MTT colorimetric assay and Western blot assay. RESULTS Fasudil inhibited the proliferation of SRA01/04. Its effect was time- and concentration-dependent. The migration of SRA01/04 cells was significantly reduced 24-72h after fasudil treatment, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 22.37 µmol/mL at 72h. Reversal of the elongated, fibroblast-like shape changes induced by TGF-β2 in SRA01/04 cells was observed. Fasudil up-regulated the expression of Connexin43 protein and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA protein compared with the cells treated with TGF-β2. Furthermore, when exposed to fasudil, the phosphorylation of Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock) and myosin light chain (MLC) could not be activated in the cell preparations. CONCLUSION Fasudil suppresses the proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells, and inhibits the process of EMT induced by TGF-β2. These results suggest that fasudil may serve as a therapeutic agent for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Wen Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng-Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Effects of Fasudil on Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Left Ventricular Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Prospective Intervention Study. Can Respir J 2018; 2018:3148259. [PMID: 29785232 PMCID: PMC5892244 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3148259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension due to left ventricular heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly medical problem. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of fasudil on PH-HFpEF elderly patients and to figure out the subtype of PH-HFpEF which may be the therapeutic object of fasudil. Method 58 PH-HFpEF elderly patients were enrolled. Patients were diagnosed with passive pulmonary hypertension (PPH) or reactive pulmonary hypertension (RPH) by right heart catheterization and all receiving Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil for 2 weeks. The endpoint includes changes in SpO2, NT-pro BNP, cardiac functional classification, and echocardiography measurements after 2 weeks treatment. Results The course of disease in the RPH group was longer than the PPH group (p < 0.05). Cardiac output was found to be worse in the RPH group than the PPH group (p < 0.01). Besides, the RPH group demonstrated a greater transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than the PPH group (p < 0.01 for both) as well as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (p < 0.01 for both), which fits the feature of RPH. After treatment of fasudil, in RPH group, PASP significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with decreased E/E′ and increased E/A (p < 0.05 for both), indicating that pulmonary haemodynamics and cardiac diastolic function were ameliorated, but the measurements in the PPH group had no significant changes. NT-pro BNP and 6 MWD of both groups were improved (p < 0.05). The total effective rate of the RPH group was 74.29%, which was higher than 47.83% of the PPH group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil can improve pulmonary and left ventricular haemodynamics in patients with PH-HFpEF. The total effective rate was higher in the RPH group. Fasudil may be a promising targeted drug for the RPH in PH-HFpEF patients. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-INR-16009511.
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Abstract
Rho kinases (ROCKs) are the first discovered RhoA effectors that are now widely known for their effects on actin organization. Recent studies have shown that ROCKs play important roles in cardiac physiology. Abnormal activation of ROCKs participate in multiple cardiovascular pathological processes, including cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, systemic hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. ROCK inhibitors, fasudil and statins, have shown beneficial cardiovascular effects in many animal studies, clinical trials, and applications. Here, we mainly discuss the current understanding of the physiological roles of Rho kinase signaling in the heart, and briefly summarize the roles of ROCKs in cardiac-related vascular dysfunctions. We will also discuss the clinical application of ROCK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weijia Luo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Rothschild PR, Salah S, Berdugo M, Gélizé E, Delaunay K, Naud MC, Klein C, Moulin A, Savoldelli M, Bergin C, Jeanny JC, Jonet L, Arsenijevic Y, Behar-Cohen F, Crisanti P. ROCK-1 mediates diabetes-induced retinal pigment epithelial and endothelial cell blebbing: Contribution to diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8834. [PMID: 28821742 PMCID: PMC5562711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic retinopathy, the exact mechanisms leading to retinal capillary closure and to retinal barriers breakdown remain imperfectly understood. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), an effector of the small GTPase Rho, involved in cytoskeleton dynamic regulation and cell polarity is activated by hyperglycemia. In one year-old Goto Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats retina, ROCK-1 activation was assessed by its cellular distribution and by phosphorylation of its substrates, MYPT1 and MLC. In both GK rat and in human type 2 diabetic retinas, ROCK-1 is activated and associated with non-apoptotic membrane blebbing in retinal vessels and in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that respectively form the inner and the outer barriers. Activation of ROCK-1 induces focal vascular constrictions, endoluminal blebbing and subsequent retinal hypoxia. In RPE cells, actin cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane blebs in RPE cells contributes to outer barrier breakdown. Intraocular injection of fasudil, significantly reduces both retinal hypoxia and RPE barrier breakdown. Diabetes-induced cell blebbing may contribute to ischemic maculopathy and represent an intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sawsen Salah
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gélizé
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Kimberley Delaunay
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Klein
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Lausanne 1000 Lausanne, Jules Gonin Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Savoldelli
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Ciara Bergin
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Lausanne 1000 Lausanne, Jules Gonin Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Jeanny
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jonet
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Lausanne 1000 Lausanne, Jules Gonin Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris Hospital, 75004, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1138 Team 17, Le Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers (CRC), 75006, Paris, France. .,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Crisanti
- Inserm UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, University of Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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The Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving calcium clearance and actin remodeling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:155-165. [PMID: 27576917 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous study showed inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK) activity with fasudil could alleviate diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction partially due to improvement of myocardial fibrosis. However, the effect of fasudil on intracellular calcium cycling and actin remodeling, both of which are important to regulate excitation-contract coupling, is still not fully elucidated. In this study, a diabetic cardiomyopathy model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with fasudil or placebo for 8 weeks. We found that long-term administration of fasudil, a specific Rho kinase inhibitor, significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced contractile dysfunction both at cellular and whole organ levels. Fasudil-treated rats displayed improved diastolic intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) removal and rescued expression of protein responsible for [Ca2+]i clearance. Furthermore, our study indicated that fasudil treatment normalized the phosphorylation of the PKCβ2/Akt pathway in the diabetic heart, which might be the underlying mechanism accounting for the protective effect of fasudil on [Ca2+]i clearance. In addition, compared to the diabetes group, fasudil also normalized the G/F-actin ratio by preventing cofilin phosphorylation and promoted F-actin organization, suggesting a beneficial effect on actin remodeling. These findings indicate the protective effect of fasudil against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction via modulation of Ca2+ handling and actin remodeling. Overactivation of RhoA/ROCK plays a key role in the development of DCM. Inhibition of ROCK activity with fasudil improved [Ca2+]i removal in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Fasudil normalized the G/F-actin ratio and promoted F-actin organization. ROCK may be an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM. KEY MESSAGE Overactivation of RhoA/ROCK plays a key role in the development of DCM. Inhibition of ROCK activity with fasudil improved [Ca2+]i removal in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Fasudil normalized the G/F-actin ratio and promoted F-actin organization. ROCK may be an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM.
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Jalil JE, Ocaranza MP. Regression of cardiovascular remodeling in hypertension: Novel relevant mechanisms. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:1-17. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic organ damage due to progressive kidney damage, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling put hypertensive patients at high risk for developing heart and renal failure, myocardial infarction and stroke. Current antihypertensive treatment normalizes high blood pressure, partially reverses organ damage, and reduces the incidence of heart and renal failure. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a primary mechanism of progressive organ damage and, specifically, a major cause of both renal and cardiovascular fibrosis. Currently, inhibition of the RAS system [mainly with angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists] is the most effective antihypertensive strategy for normalizing blood pressure and preventing target organ damage. However, residual organ damage and consequently high risk for cardiovascular events and renal failure still persist. Accordingly, in hypertension, it is relevant to develop new therapeutic perspectives, beyond reducing blood pressure to further prevent/reduce target organ damage by acting on pathways that trigger and maintain cardiovascular and renal remodeling. We review here relevant novel mechanisms of target organ damage in hypertension, their role and evidence in prevention/regression of cardiovascular remodeling and their possible clinical impact as well. Specifically, we focus on the signaling pathway RhoA/Rho kinase, on the impact of the vasodilatory peptides from the RAS and some insights on the role of estrogens and myocardial chymase in cardiovascular hypertensive remodeling.
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Astolfo A, Inagaki T, Fujii Y, Du CK, Zhan DY, Tsuchimochi H, Yagi N, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Chronic Rho-kinase inhibition improves left ventricular contractile dysfunction in early type-1 diabetes by increasing myosin cross-bridge extension. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:92. [PMID: 26194354 PMCID: PMC4509700 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired actin-myosin cross-bridge (CB) dynamics correlate with impaired left ventricular (LV) function in early diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Elevated expression and activity of Rho kinase (ROCK) contributes to the development of DCM. ROCK targets several sarcomeric proteins including myosin light chain 2, myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C), troponin I (TnI) and troponin T that all have important roles in regulating CB dynamics and contractility of the myocardium. Our aim was to examine if chronic ROCK inhibition prevents impaired CB dynamics and LV dysfunction in a rat model of early diabetes, and whether these changes are associated with changes in myofilament phosphorylation state. METHODS Seven days post-diabetes induction (65 mg/kg ip, streptozotocin), diabetic rats received the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (10 mg/kg/day ip) or vehicle for 14 days. Rats underwent cardiac catheterization to assess LV function simultaneous with X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation to assess in situ CB dynamics. RESULTS Compared to controls, diabetic rats developed mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction, which was attenuated by fasudil. End-diastolic and systolic myosin proximity to actin filaments were significantly reduced in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). In all rats there was an inverse correlation between ROCK1 expression and the extension of myosin CB in diastole, with the lowest ROCK expression in control and fasudil-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic and fasudil-treated diabetic rats changes in relative phosphorylation of TnI and MyBP-C were not significant from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a clear role for ROCK in the development of LV dysfunction and impaired CB dynamics in early DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College of London, London, England, UK.
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Cheng-Kun Du
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Dong-Yun Zhan
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Harima, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Tsuchimochi H, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:943-960. [PMID: 26185602 PMCID: PMC4499528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in patients. Independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, diabetes is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Four decades of research in experimental animal models and advances in clinical imaging techniques suggest that DCM is a progressive disease, beginning early after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ahead of left ventricular remodeling and overt diastolic dysfunction. Although the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM still remains largely unclear, activation of protein kinase C appears to be central in driving the oxidative stress dependent and independent pathways in the development of contractile dysfunction. Multiple subcellular alterations to the cardiomyocyte are now being highlighted as critical events in the early changes to the rate of force development, relaxation and stability under pathophysiological stresses. These changes include perturbed calcium handling, suppressed activity of aerobic energy producing enzymes, altered transcriptional and posttranslational modification of membrane and sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins, reduced actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and dynamics, and changed myofilament calcium sensitivity. In this review, we will present and discuss novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM, with a special focus on the sarcomeric contractile apparatus.
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Guo R, Li W, Liu B, Li S, Zhang B, Xu Y. Resveratrol protects vascular smooth muscle cells against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and cell proliferation in vitro. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:82-92. [PMID: 24971582 PMCID: PMC4095779 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.890858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol exhibits beneficial effects against numerous degenerative diseases at different stages of pathogenesis. This study investigated potential mechanisms and resveratrol effects on high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress (30 mM d-glucose, 30 min) and cell proliferation (30 mM d-glucose, 24 h) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Material/Methods Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. VSMC proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assays and through propidium iodide-based cell cycle analysis. Expression of NAD(P)H oxidase, proliferation proteins, and cell signalling were assessed by immunoblot analysis. Results Co-treatment of primary cultures of VSMCs with 1–100 μM resveratrol decreased HG-induced ROS overproduction (P<0.05). Resveratrol also abolished HG-induced phosphorylation of oxidase subunit p47 phox and reduced HG-induced cyclin D1, cyclin E, and PCNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, resveratrol (10 μM) attenuated HG-induced phosphorylation of Akt, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK 1/2, and JNK1/2 without affecting total levels. HG stimulation enhanced downstream IκB-α phosphorylation and NF-κB activity, and resveratrol repressed these effects. Conclusions Resveratrol inhibits HG-induced oxidative stress and VSMC proliferation by suppressing ROS generation, NADPH oxidase, Akt phosphorylation, p38 MAPK/JNK/ERK phosphorylation, and IκB-α and NF-κB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Buchun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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