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Tucker AM, Madsen PJ, Coyle AM, King H, Zahner C, Lang SS, Taylor JA, Heuer GG. Preprocedural Electrophysiological Monitoring in Craniofacial Surgery for a Patient with Chiari Malformation. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:712-716. [PMID: 36357356 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck positioning is a key element of craniofacial reconstructive surgery and can become challenging when intervention necessitates broad exposure of the calvarium. We present a case of craniosynostosis secondary to Apert's syndrome requiring anterior and posterior cranial vault access during surgical correction. A modified sphinx position was used that required significant neck extension. The patient had concurrent Chiari I malformation with brain stem compression so intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) was used to ensure that there were no negative effects on the neural elements with positioning. This highlights benefits of IONM in a setting not typically associated with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Tucker
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Madsen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne M Coyle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hunter King
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Zahner
- SpecialtyCare Intraoperative Neuromonitoring, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shih-Shan Lang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse A Taylor
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory G Heuer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Grenier-Chartrand F, Taverne M, James S, Guida L, Paternoster G, Loiselet K, Beccaria K, Dangouloff-Ros V, Levy R, de Saint Denis T, Blauwblomme T, Khonsari RH, Boddaert N, Benichi S. Mobility Assessment Using Multi-Positional MRI in Children with Cranio-Vertebral Junction Anomalies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6714. [PMID: 37959181 PMCID: PMC10650482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the relevance of using multi-positional MRI (mMRI) to identify cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ) instability in pediatric patients with CVJ anomalies while determining objective mMRI criteria to detect this condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from children with CVJ anomalies who underwent a mMRI between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Mobility assessment using mMRI involved: (1) morphometric analysis using hierarchical clustering on principal component analysis (HCPCA) to identify clusters of patients by considering their mobility similarities, assessed through delta (Δ) values of occipito-cervical parameters measured on mMRI; and (2) morphological analysis based on dynamic geometric CVJ models and analysis of displacement vectors between flexion and extension. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated for occipito-cervical parameters to establish instability cut-off values. (3) Additionally, an anatomical qualitative analysis of the CVJ was performed to identify morphological criteria of instability. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with CVJ anomalies were included (26 females, 21 males; mean age: 10.2 years [3-18]). HCPCA identified 2 clusters: cluster №1 (stable patients, n = 39) and cluster №2 (unstable patients, n = 8). ΔpB-C2 (pB-C2 line delta) at ≥2.5 mm (AUC 0.98) and ΔBAI (Basion-axis Interval delta) ≥ 3 mm (AUC 0.97) predicted instability with 88% sensibility and 95% specificity and 88% sensitivity and 85% specificity, respectively. Geometric CVJ shape analysis differentiated patients along a continuum, from a low to a high CVJ motion that was characterized by a subluxation of C1 in the anterior direction. Qualitative analysis found correlations between instability and C2 anomalies, including fusions with C3 (body p = 0.032; posterior arch p = 0.045; inferior articular facets p = 0.012; lateral mass p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS We identified a cluster of pediatric patients with CVJ instability among a cohort of CVJ anomalies that were characterized by morphometric parameters with corresponding cut-off values that could serve as objective mMRI criteria. These findings warrant further validation through prospective case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Grenier-Chartrand
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, CUB Hôpital Erasme, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maxime Taverne
- Craniofacial Growth and Form, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Syril James
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases C-MAVEM (Chiari, Spinal Cord and Vertebral Diseases), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lelio Guida
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Giovanna Paternoster
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Klervie Loiselet
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Raphaël Levy
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Timothée de Saint Denis
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases C-MAVEM (Chiari, Spinal Cord and Vertebral Diseases), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Roman Hossein Khonsari
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Craniofacial Growth and Form, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Sandro Benichi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; (F.G.-C.); (S.J.); (L.G.); (G.P.); (K.B.); (T.d.S.D.); (T.B.)
- School of Medicine, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France; (K.L.); (R.H.K.); (N.B.)
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases C-MAVEM (Chiari, Spinal Cord and Vertebral Diseases), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
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Lee RP, Antar A, Guryildirim M, Brem H, Luciano M, Huang J. Establishing proof of concept for sonolucent cranioplasty and point of care ultrasound imaging after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 113:38-44. [PMID: 37167829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation can require repeated imaging, particularly with persistent symptoms. Typically, CT or MRI is used. However, CT carries radiation risk and MRI is costly. Ultrasound is an inexpensive, radiation-free, point-of-care modality that has, thus far, been limited by intact skull and traditional cranioplasty materials. Ultrasound also allows for imaging in different head positions and body postures, which may lend insight into cause for persistent symptoms despite adequate decompression on traditional neutral static CT or MRI. We evaluate safety and feasibility of ultrasound as a post-operative imaging modality in patients reconstructed with sonolucent cranioplasty during posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation. METHODS Outcomes were analyzed for 26 consecutive patients treated with a Chiari-specific sonolucent cranioplasty. This included infection, need for revision, CSF leak, and pseudomeningocele. Ultrasound was performed point-of-care in the outpatient clinic by the neurosurgery team to assess feasibility. RESULTS In eight months mean follow up, there were no surgical site infections or revisions with this novel sonolucent cranioplasty. Posterior fossa anatomy was discernable via transcutaneous ultrasound obtained point-of-care in the clinic setting at follow up visits. CONCLUSION We demonstrate proof of concept for ultrasound as a post-operative imaging modality after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation. With further investigation, ultrasound may prove to serve as an alternative to CT and MRI in this patient population, or as an adjunct to provide positional and dynamic information. Use of sonolucent cranioplasty is safe. This technique deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Antar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melike Guryildirim
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Luciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Evaluation Of Cervical Sagittal Parameters On Supine Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Patients With Chiari I Malformation Without Syringomyelia. Neurochirurgie 2022; 68:504-509. [PMID: 35525315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE . The current study aimed to assess the effects of tonsillar herniation on cervical alignment in Chiari I patients without syringomyelia using new cervical sagittal alignment parameters, such as C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 cobb angle, T1 slope, and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). METHODS Two spinal surgeons independently evaluated midline T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging findings of 28 Chiari I patients without syringomyelia and 40 patients without tonsillar herniation but with similar complaints. Thereafter, the measured C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle T1 slope, and C2-7 SVA were compared using the t-test. RESULTS Differences in the mean values for C2-7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, and C2-7 SVA were found between Chiari I patients and those without tonsillar herniation Conclusion: The current study showed that Chiari I patients were less lordotic (kyphotic) compared to subjects without tonsillar herniation.
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Jussila MP, Nissilä J, Vakkuri M, Olsén P, Niinimäki J, Leinonen V, Serlo W, Salokorpi N, Suo-Palosaari M. Preoperative measurements on MRI in Chiari 1 patients fail to predict outcome after decompressive surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2005-2014. [PMID: 33977335 PMCID: PMC8195958 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of our study was to research the parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would predict the outcome of surgery in patients with Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) and to evaluate changes in MRI parameters after surgery. Methods Fifty-one patients (19 children, 13 adolescents, and 19 adults) operated on due to CM1 in Oulu University Hospital between 2004 and 2018 were evaluated. Seventeen parameters were measured from the preoperative MRI and 11 from the postoperative MRI. The correlations between the MRI parameters and the clinical variables before and after surgery were analyzed. Results The majority (88.2%) of the patients had favorable surgical outcomes. Postoperatively, subjective symptoms improved in 88.6% of the patients and syringomyelia in 81.8%. The location of the cerebellar tonsils, when measured in relation to the C2 synchondrosis or the end plate, postoperatively moved cranially in 51.0% (n = 26), did not change in 27.4% (n = 14), and moved caudally in 21.6% (n = 11) of the patients. However, neither the location of the tonsils nor any other parameters measured from pre- or postoperative MRI correlated with the patients’ symptoms or surgical outcomes. Conclusions No specific parameters on preoperative MRI evaluation were predictive of the outcome of surgery, emphasizing clinical examination in surgical decision-making. Furthermore, the postoperative MRI parameters did not correlate with the surgical outcomes. Thus, routine postoperative imaging is suggested only for patients with preoperatively diagnosed syringomyelia or worsening of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro-Pekka Jussila
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, OYS, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Nissilä
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, OYS, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Vakkuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Olsén
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, OYS, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Willy Serlo
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Salokorpi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Suo-Palosaari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, OYS, P.O. Box 50, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
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6
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Bordes S, Jenkins S, Tubbs RS. Defining, diagnosing, clarifying, and classifying the Chiari I malformations. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1785-1792. [PMID: 31049667 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chiari malformations (CM) have been traditionally classified into four categories: I, II, III, and IV. In light of more recent understandings, variations of the CM have required a modification of this classification. METHODS This article discusses the presentation, diagnostics, and treatment of the newer forms of hindbrain herniation associated with the CM type I. RESULTS The CM 1 is a spectrum that includes some patients who do not fall into the exact category of this entity. CONCLUSIONS While CM have been categorically recognized as discrete and individual conditions, newer classifications such as CM 0 and CM 1.5 exhibit some degree of continuity with CM 1; however, they require distinct and separate classification as symptoms and treatments can vary among these clinical subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bordes
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Saint George's, Grenada
| | - Skyler Jenkins
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Saint George's, Grenada
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Li AY, Dai JB, Post AF, Choudhri TF. Dynamic Cervical Cord Compression Post-laminectomy Visualized by Flexion-extension Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e3878. [PMID: 30899629 PMCID: PMC6420335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexion-extension magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the cervical spine is not universally used in cervical spine surgery. However, flexion-extension MRIs can identify previously undetected spinal stenosis, improve surgical decision-making, and maybe a better tool to evaluate postoperative outcomes. One uncommon complication after laminectomy, to treat cervical spinal stenosis, is muscle weakness due to subsequent dynamic cord compression by posterior paraspinal musculature. We present a case of a 41-year-old male who underwent posterior cervical decompression and developed subsequent neurological deficits and muscle weakness. MRI with neutral cervical positioning did not show spinal stenosis necessitating surgical intervention. However, given the patient’s increasing tetraparesis, flexion-extension MRI was performed and it revealed significant spinal stenosis in both flexion and extension positions due to spondylosis and compression from paraspinal muscles. This case demonstrates the utility of flexion-extension MRI in identifying pathologies such as cord compression by paraspinal muscles. Exclusive use of a neutral-position MRI scan may not be sufficient to provide proper diagnoses for cervical spine pathologies. Flexion-extension MRI should be considered when the degree of neurological symptoms outweighs minimal or absent pathology seen on neutral-position sagittal MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Y Li
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dai
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alexander F Post
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Lawrence BJ, Urbizu A, Allen PA, Loth F, Tubbs RS, Bunck AC, Kröger JR, Rocque BG, Madura C, Chen JA, Luciano MG, Ellenbogen RG, Oshinski JN, Iskandar BJ, Martin BA. Cerebellar tonsil ectopia measurement in type I Chiari malformation patients show poor inter-operator reliability. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 30554565 PMCID: PMC6296028 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM-I) has been historically defined by cerebellar tonsillar position (TP) greater than 3–5 mm below the foramen magnum (FM). Often, the radiographic findings are highly variable, which may influence the clinical course and patient outcome. In this study, we evaluate the inter-operator reliability (reproducibility) of MRI-based measurement of TP in CM-I patients and healthy controls. Methods Thirty-three T2-weighted MRI sets were obtained for 23 CM-I patients (11 symptomatic and 12 asymptomatic) and 10 healthy controls. TP inferior to the FM was measured in the mid-sagittal plane by seven expert operators with reference to McRae’s line. Overall agreement between the operators was quantified by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The mean and standard deviation of cerebellar TP measurements for asymptomatic (CM-Ia) and symptomatic (CM-Is) patients in mid-sagittal plane was 6.38 ± 2.19 and 9.57 ± 2.63 mm, respectively. TP measurements for healthy controls was 0.48 ± 2.88 mm. The average range of TP measurements for all data sets analyzed was 7.7 mm. Overall operator agreement for TP measurements was relatively high with an ICC of 0.83. Conclusion The results demonstrated a large average range (7.7 mm) of measurements among the seven expert operators and support that, if economically feasible, two radiologists should make independent measurements before radiologic diagnosis of CM-I and surgery is contemplated. In the future, an objective diagnostic parameter for CM-I that utilizes automated algorithms and results in smaller inter-operator variation may improve patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 0904, Moscow, ID, 83844-0904, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aintzane Urbizu
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Francis Loth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Alexander C Bunck
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Robert Kröger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey Madura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jason A Chen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark G Luciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John N Oshinski
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bermans J Iskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryn A Martin
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 0904, Moscow, ID, 83844-0904, USA.
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Safety of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine in Children Performed without Neurosurgical Supervision. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:e1188-e1193. [PMID: 29883828 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need for neurosurgical supervision as well as the general safety and utility of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine in children remains controversial. We present the largest descriptive cohort study of cervical flexion-extension MRI scans in pediatric patients to help elucidate the safety and utility of this technique. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all cervical spine MRI scans performed at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford from 2009 to 2015. We identified 66 dynamic cervical MRI scans performed in 45 children and 2 young adults for further study. RESULTS General anesthesia was used in 43 scans. The neuroradiology team performed all scans with no direct supervision by the neurosurgery team. There were no adverse events. Dynamic MRI detected significant instability that was not clearly seen on dynamic radiographs (5 patients) and cord compression not seen on static MRI (9 patients). One patient with asymptomatic instability found on flexion-extension radiographs had no cord compression with movement on MRI and was managed conservatively. Two neonates with significant congenital malformations of the cervical spine were cleared for operative positioning for cardiac procedures based on flexion-extension MRI. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic MRI is a safe tool for evaluating the cervical spine and cervicomedullary junction in various pediatric populations and can be performed safely without direct neurosurgical supervision. We describe for the first time the use of flexion-extension MRI to clear neonates with severe congenital cervical spine abnormalities for complex operative positioning and further care in the intensive care unit.
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10
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Tubbs RS, Yan H, Demerdash A, Chern JJ, Fries FN, Oskouian RJ, Oakes WJ. Sagittal MRI often overestimates the degree of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia: a potential for misdiagnosis of the Chiari I malformation. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:1245-8. [PMID: 27184559 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that by using coronal MRI, Chiari I malformation could be more precisely diagnosed, would provide simple anatomic landmarks, would provide information regarding asymmetry of hindbrain herniation, and would be a better method for analyzing the tonsillar herniation postoperatively when the opisthion has been removed. METHODS Fifty consecutive pediatric patients diagnosed with Chiari I malformation had comparison between the measurements of their caudally descended cerebellar tonsils on midsagittal and coronal MRI images. RESULTS On MRI coronal imaging, tonsillar asymmetry was found in 48 patients. Maximal left tonsillar descent was 20.9 mm, and maximal right tonsillar descent was 17.4 mm. On MRI sagittal imaging, tonsillar descent ranged from 5 to 27.4 mm. Fifty-eight % of patients had syringomyelia. Five patients (10 %) on coronal MRI were found to have both cerebellar tonsils that were less than 3 mm below the foramen magnum. However, all of these patients had greater than 3 mm of tonsillar ectopia on sagittal imaging. Nineteen patients (38 %) on coronal MRI were found to have one of the cerebellar tonsils that were less than 3 mm below the foramen magnum. Similarly, each of these had greater than 3 mm of tonsillar ecotpia as measured on midsagittal MRI. Also, based on these findings, Chiari I malformation is almost always an asymmetrical tonsillar ectopia. CONCLUSIONS Sagittal MRI overestimates the degree of tonsillar ectopia in patients with Chiari I malformation. Misdiagnosis may occur if sagittal imaging alone is used. The cerebellar tonsils are paramedian structures, and this should be kept in mind when interpreting midline sagittal MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada.
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lowder 400, Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Huang Yan
- Spine Surgery Department the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amin Demerdash
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lowder 400, Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Joshua J Chern
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Associates, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabian N Fries
- Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - W Jerry Oakes
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lowder 400, Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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