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Şimşek C, Tav Şimşek D, Özüçelik DN, Sümer E, Hacıhasanoğlu E, Sarıkaya S. Experımental Study: The Effect Of 20% Intralıpıd Emulsıon Therapy In Cerebral Ischemıc Reperfusıon. Brain Inj 2024; 38:489-498. [PMID: 38420951 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2318596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of 20% Intralipid Emulsion (ILE) treatment on Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (CIRI) after reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS In this experimental study, seven rats without any intervention (control group), seven rats (sham group) for which CIRI was created after the common carotid artery was ligated for 2 hours, and seven rats who were treated with 20% ILE after CIRI (CIRI + ILE group) were sacrificed after 24 hours, and histopathological findings were investigated. RESULTS In rats that were not treated after CIRI, 52.7% had level-1, 32.7% had level-2. and 14.5% had level-3. histopathological findings. While 72.2% of the rats treated with ILE had level-1 and 27.8% had level-2 findings, no level-3 histopathological findings were detected in any of the rats. While no signs of coagulative necrosis, spongiosis of surrounding tissue and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were observed histopathological in any of the rats given ILE, there was no macrophages finding in 85.6% of the rats. ILE treatment also reduced the histopathological findings of eosinophilic neurons, astrogliosis, neovascularization, vascular thrombosis and mononuclear inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION This study showed that 20% ILE treatment reduces the histopathological damage seen in cerebral ischemia and CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Şimşek
- Emergency Department, Yeditepe Üniversity, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dijan Tav Şimşek
- Emergency Department, Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Doğaç Niyazi Özüçelik
- Health Science Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- UNEC Social Work and Social Innovation Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Engin Sümer
- Faculty of Medicine Experimental Research Center, Yeditepe University İstanbul, Turkey
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Diet-Microbiota Interplay: An Emerging Player in Macrophage Plasticity and Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073901. [PMID: 35409260 PMCID: PMC8998881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Targeted therapies for IBD are limited by several factors, including the therapeutic ceiling and the high incidence of non-responders or loss-of-response. In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, there is critical need to decipher disease pathogenesis, currently not well understood. Macrophages, innate immune cells that exhibit high plasticity, perpetuate inflammatory signalling in IBD through excessive release of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, pioneering research has revealed the importance of the interplay between macrophages and gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Particular attention is focusing on microbiota-derived metabolites, believed to possess immunomodulatory properties capable of manipulating macrophage plasticity. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole compounds, along with dietary sourced omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), exert anti-inflammatory effects, attributable to interactions with macrophages. Before we can effectively incorporate these metabolites into IBD therapies, a deeper understanding of microbiota-macrophage interactions at a molecular level is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review is firstly to detail current knowledge regarding how diet and microbiota-derived metabolites modify macrophage plasticity. Later, we discuss the concept of therapeutic strategies directed at microbiota-macrophage interactions, which could be highly valuable for IBD therapies in the future.
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Chen YL, Xie YJ, Liu ZM, Chen WB, Zhang R, Ye HX, Wang W, Liu XY, Chen HS. Omega-3 fatty acids impair miR-1-3p-dependent Notch3 down-regulation and alleviate sepsis-induced intestinal injury. Mol Med 2022; 28:9. [PMID: 35090386 PMCID: PMC8796544 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a troublesome syndrome that can cause intestinal injury and even high mortality rates. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are known to protect against intestinal damage. Accordingly, the current study set out to explore if omega-3 FAs could affect sepsis-induced intestinal injury with the involvement of the microRNA (miR)-1-3p/Notch3-Smad axis. Methods First, cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) was performed to establish septic mouse models in C57BL/6J mice, and mouse intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish sepsis cell models. The CLP-induced septic mice or LPS-exposed cells were subjected to treatment with Omega-3 FAs and activin (Smad signaling activator), miR-1-3p inhibitor and over-expressed/short hairpin RNA (oe-/sh)-Notch3 to explore their roles in inflammation, intestinal oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was further performed to verify the regulatory relationship between miR-1-3p and Notch3. Results Omega-3 FAs inhibited CLP-induced intestinal injury and ameliorated LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury by down-regulating miR-1-3p, as evidenced by decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, in addition to diminished levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, miR-1-3p could down-regulate Notch3, which inactivated the Smad pathway. Conclusion Collectively, our findings indicated that omega-3 FAs elevate the expression of Notch3 by down-regulating miR-1-3p, and then blocking the Smad pathway to alleviate intestinal epithelial inflammation and oxidative stress injury caused by sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00425-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lian Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Jing Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Mi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Sheng Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou B, Zhang W, Yan Z, Zhao B, Zhao J, Feng W, Chen X, Li C, Liu KX. MicroRNA-26b-5p Targets DAPK1 to Reduce Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of Intestinal Mucosal Cell Apoptosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1794-1805. [PMID: 33839982 PMCID: PMC9142477 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has suggested that miRNAs are important regulators of intestinal I/R injury, but their function in this context remains elusive. AIMS To evaluate the role of miR-26b-5p in intestinal I/R injury. METHODS We utilized in vivo murine models of intestinal I/R and in vitro Mode-K cell-based models of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to examine the function of miR-26b-5p in intestinal I/R injury. The expression of miR-26b-5p in intestinal mucosa and Mode-K cell was detected by RT-PCR. HE staining and Chiu's score were used to evaluate intestinal mucosa injury severity. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL stain, flow cytometry, and western blot. TargetScan and StarBase prediction algorithms were applied to predict putative target genes of miR-26b-5p and validated by luciferase reporter analyses. RESULTS We found that the expression of miR-26b-5p in intestinal mucosa was markedly decreased during I/R injury. We additionally found miR-26b-5p overexpression to markedly disrupt intestinal I/R- or OGD/R-induced injury in vivo and in vitro, whereas inhibiting this miRNA had an adverse impact and resulted in increased intestinal tissue injury and Mode-K cell damage. From a mechanistic perspective, miR-26b-5p was predicted to target DAPK1, which was related to cellular apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay results confirmed that miR-26b-5p directly targets DAPK1 in Mode-K cells, thereby suppressing OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings show that miR-26b-5p may prevent intestinal I/R injury via targeting DAPK1 and inhibiting intestinal mucosal cell apoptosis, suggesting that this miRNA may be a viable target for the treatment of intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzheng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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The ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Dependent Adult Patients: Functional Lipidomics Approach. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082351. [PMID: 32781598 PMCID: PMC7468769 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) are introduced into parenteral nutrition (PN) as hepatoprotective but may be susceptible to the lipid peroxidation while olive oil (OO) is declared more peroxidation resistant. We aimed to estimate how the lipid composition of PN mixture affects plasma and erythrocyte lipidome and the propensity of oxidative stress. A cross-sectional comparative study was performed in a cohort of adult patients who were long-term parenterally administered ω-3 PUFAs without (FO/–, n = 9) or with (FO/OO, n = 13) olive oil and healthy age- and sex-matched controls, (n = 30). Lipoperoxidation assessed as plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde content was increased in both FO/– and FO/OO groups but protein oxidative stress (protein carbonyls in plasma) and low redox status (GSH/GSSG in erythrocytes) was detected only in the FO/– subcohort. The lipidome of all subjects receiving ω-3 PUFAs was enriched with lipid species containing ω-3 PUFAs (FO/–˃FO/OO). Common characteristic of all PN-dependent patients was high content of fatty acyl-esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFAs) in plasma while acylcarnitines and ceramides were enriched in erythrocytes. Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of plasmanyls and plasmalogens (endogenous antioxidants) were decreased in both patient groups with a significantly more pronounced effect in FO/–. We confirmed the protective effect of OO in PN mixtures containing ω-3 PUFAs.
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Dai D, Chen J, Jin M, Zhang Z, Chen WH, Xu F. Dynamic metabolomic analysis of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1001-1011. [PMID: 31999398 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIR) is a life-threatening abdominal emergency. Compared to traditional steady-state works, we profiled the blood of rats over 72 hr (15 time points) and examined dynamic changes in molecular pathways during IIR. Using a series of methods designed for dynamic datasets analysis (batch effects corrections, metabolomics data reduction, and different features selection), we identified 39 significant different metabolites and discovered the trends of these molecules. Four main patterns were uncovered by a longitudinal pattern recognition method. Furthermore, pathway networks were explored to uncover the possible mechanisms of IIR. We found that IIR is a complex physiological process involved in multiple pathways, such as biosynthesis of amino acids, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, arginine-related metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Among which, metabolites related with phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism reached a peak during the early stage of reperfusion, while molecules in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism declined. Our work provides a feasible scheme to understand dynamic molecule variation and will provide new explications about the effect of intestinal ischemia reperfusion from a dynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglu Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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The effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the liver lipidome, proteome and bile acid profile: parenteral versus enteral administration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19097. [PMID: 31836843 PMCID: PMC6910966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is often associated with the deterioration of liver functions (PNALD). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported to alleviate PNALD but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully unraveled yet. Using omics´ approach, we determined serum and liver lipidome, liver proteome, and liver bile acid profile as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats administered either ω-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion (Intralipid) or ω-6/ω-3 PUFA blend (Intralipid/Omegaven) via the enteral or parenteral route. In general, we found that enteral administration of both lipid emulsions has less impact on the liver than the parenteral route. Compared with parenterally administered Intralipid, PN administration of ω-3 PUFA was associated with 1. increased content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA)- and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids-containing lipid species; 2. higher abundance of CYP4A isoenzymes capable of bioactive lipid synthesis and the increased content of their potential products (oxidized EPA and DHA); 3. downregulation of enzymes involved CYP450 drug metabolism what may represent an adaptive mechanism counteracting the potential negative effects (enhanced ROS production) of PUFA metabolism; 4. normalized anti-oxidative capacity and 5. physiological BAs spectrum. All these findings may contribute to the explanation of ω-3 PUFA protective effects in the context of PN.
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Ungaro F, Rubbino F, Danese S, D'Alessio S. Actors and Factors in the Resolution of Intestinal Inflammation: Lipid Mediators As a New Approach to Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1331. [PMID: 29109724 PMCID: PMC5660440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genetically predisposed subjects susceptible to specific environmental factors has been attributed to disturbance of both the immune and non-immune system and/or to the imbalanced interactions with microbes. However, increasing evidences support the idea that defects in pro-resolving pathways might strongly contribute to IBD onset. The resolution of inflammation is now recognized as a dynamic event coordinated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs), which dampen inflammation-sustaining events, such as angiogenesis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, clearance of apoptotic cells, and microorganisms. Among these pro-resolving molecules, those derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to induce favorable effects on a plethora of human inflammatory disorders, including IBD. Here, we offer a summary of mechanisms involving both cellular and molecular components of the immune response and underlying the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of PUFAs and their derivatives in the gut, focusing on both ω-3 and ω-6 LMs. These fatty acids may influence IBD progression by: reducing neutrophil transmigration across the intestinal vasculature and the epithelium, preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of adhesion molecules, and finally by promoting the production of other pro-resolving molecules. We also discuss the numerous attempts in using pro-resolving PUFAs to ameliorate intestinal inflammation, both in patients with IBD and mouse models. Although their effects in reducing inflammation is incontestable, results from previous works describing the effects of PUFA administration to prevent or treat IBD are controversial. Therefore, more efforts are needed not only to identify and explain the physiological functions of PUFAs in the gut, but also to unveil novel biosynthetic pathways of these pro-resolving LMs that may be dysregulated in these gut-related disorders. We suppose that either PUFAs or new medications specifically promoting resolution-regulating mediators and pathways will be much better tolerated by patients with IBD, with the advantage of avoiding immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ungaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IBD Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
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Qi X, Qin Z, Tang J, Han P, Xing Q, Wang K, Yu J, Zhou G, Tang M, Wang W, Zhang W. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorates testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury through the induction of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Barbalho SM, Goulart RDA, Quesada K, Bechara MD, de Carvalho ADCA. Inflammatory bowel disease: can omega-3 fatty acids really help? Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:37-43. [PMID: 26752948 PMCID: PMC4700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants to the traditional therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been studied to enhance the efficacy of the treatment and improve patients' quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3FA) have been associated with attenuation of the inflammatory responses in IBD, possibly acting as substrates for anti-inflammatory eicosanoid production, similar to prostaglandins and leukotrienes. ω3FA also act as substrates for the synthesis of resolvins, maresins and protectins, indispensable in resolving inflammation processes. These acids may influence the development or course of IBD by: reducing oxidative stress, production of tumor necrosis factor-α and proinflammatory cytokines; working as chemopreventive agents; and decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. There are numerous controversies in the literature on the effects of ω3FA in the prevention or treatment of IBD, but their effects in reducing inflammation is incontestable. Therefore, more studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and establish the recommended daily intake to prevent or induce remission in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília and Food Technology School (FATEC) (Sandra Maria Barbalho),
Correspondence to: Dr Sandra Maria Barbalho, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Higino Muzzi Filho Avenue, 1001, Marília-SP, 15525-902 Brazil, Tel.: +55 14 99655 3190, e-mail:
| | | | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Marília (Karina Quesada)
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Marília (Marcelo Dib Bechara)
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Generoso SDV, Rodrigues NM, Trindade LM, Paiva NC, Cardoso VN, Carneiro CM, Ferreira AVDM, Faria AMC, Maioli TU. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil induced mucositis in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:54. [PMID: 26063053 PMCID: PMC4473827 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies showed the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease as it alleviated the symptoms and promoted better mucosal integrity. The objective of this study was to determine whether a diet with the addition of n-3 FA helps control the inflammation observed in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced mucositis. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 1: control (CTL), fed a standard chow diet; 2: CTL + n-3 FA – n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3; 3: mucositis (MUC), fed a standard chow diet and subjected to mucositis; and 4: MUC+ n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3 FA and subjected to mucositis. On the 8th day, the animals of the MUC and MUC + n-3 FA groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-FU for mucositis induction. After 24 h or 72 h, all mice were euthanized and evaluated for intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, intestinal histology and apoptosis. Results Mice that received the diet with n-3 FA and a 5-FU injection showed less weight loss compared to the animals of the MUC group (p < 0.005). Decreased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were also observed in animals fed n-3 FA, and these mice underwent mucositis compared to the MUC group (p < 0.005). These data were associated with mucosal integrity and a reduced number of apoptotic cells in the ileum mucosa compared to the mice that received the control diet and 5-FU injection. Conclusion Together, these results show that omega-3 fatty acid decreases the mucosal damage caused by 5-FU-induced mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núbia Morais Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Nivea Carolina Paiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Jones ML, Mark PJ, Waddell BJ. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake increases placental labyrinthine antioxidant capacity but does not protect against fetal growth restriction induced by placental ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Reproduction 2013; 146:539-47. [PMID: 24023246 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several placenta-related disorders. Oxidative stress occurs when excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cellular components, an outcome limited by antioxidant enzymes; mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) also limits ROS production. We recently reported that maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation reduced placental oxidative damage and enhanced fetal and placental growth in the rats. Here, we examined the effect of n-3 PUFAs on placental antioxidant defences and whether n-3 PUFA supplementation could prevent growth restriction induced by placental ischaemia-reperfusion (IR), a known inducer of oxidative stress. Rats were fed either standard or high-n-3 PUFA diets from day 1 of pregnancy. Placentas were collected on days 17 and 22 in untreated pregnancies (term=day 23) and at day 22 following IR treatment on day 17. Expression of several antioxidant enzyme genes (Sod1, Sod2, Sod3, Cat, Txn1 and Gpx3) and Ucp2 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in the placental labyrinth zone (LZ) and junctional zone (JZ). Cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial SOD and catalase (CAT) activities were also analyzed. Maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation increased LZ mRNA expression of Cat at both gestational days (2- and 1.5-fold respectively; P<0.01) and female Sod2 at day 22 (1.4-fold, P<0.01). Cytosolic SOD activity increased with n-3 PUFA supplementation at day 22 (1.3-fold, P<0.05). Sod1 and Txn1 expression decreased marginally (30 and 22%, P<0.05). JZ antioxidant defences were largely unaffected by diet. Despite increased LZ antioxidant defences, maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation did not protect against placental IR-induced growth restriction of the fetus and placental LZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Jones
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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