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Murphy C, Devis-Jauregui L, Struck R, Boloix A, Gallagher C, Gavin C, Cottone F, Fernandez AS, Madden S, Roma J, Segura MF, Piskareva O. In vivo cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma metastatic model reveals tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4) as an independent prognostic factor of survival in neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303643. [PMID: 38809883 PMCID: PMC11135766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumour in children. Despite major advances in available therapies, children with drug-resistant and/or recurrent neuroblastoma have a dismal outlook with 5-year survival rates of less than 20%. Therefore, tackling relapsed tumour biology by developing and characterising clinically relevant models is a priority in finding targetable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. Using matched cisplatin-sensitive KellyLuc and resistant KellyCis83Luc cell lines, we developed a cisplatin-resistant metastatic MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma model. The average number of metastases per mouse was significantly higher in the KellyCis83Luc group than in the KellyLuc group. The vast majority of sites were confirmed as having lymph node metastasis. Their stiffness characteristics of lymph node metastasis values were within the range reported for the patient samples. Targeted transcriptomic profiling of immuno-oncology genes identified tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4) as a significantly dysregulated MYCN-independent gene. Importantly, differential TNFRSF4 expression was identified in tumour cells rather than lymphocytes. Low TNFRSF4 expression correlated with poor prognostic indicators in neuroblastoma, such as age at diagnosis, stage, and risk stratification and significantly associated with reduced probability of both event-free and overall survival in neuroblastoma. Therefore, TNFRSF4 Low expression is an independent prognostic factor of survival in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Murphy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Devis-Jauregui
- Faculty of Medicine, Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ronja Struck
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ariadna Boloix
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ciara Gallagher
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian Gavin
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Federica Cottone
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aroa Soriano Fernandez
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josep Roma
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Group of Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Bioengineering Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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Epp S, Chuah SM, Halasz M. Epigenetic Dysregulation in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17085. [PMID: 38069407 PMCID: PMC10707345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer arising from the neural crest, poses significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases featuring amplification of the MYCN oncogene. Epigenetic factors play a pivotal role in normal neural crest and NB development, influencing gene expression patterns critical for tumorigenesis. This review delves into the multifaceted interplay between MYCN and known epigenetic modifications during NB genesis, shedding light on the intricate regulatory networks underlying the disease. We provide an extensive survey of known epigenetic mechanisms, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, super-enhancers (SEs), bromodomains (BET), and chromatin modifiers in MYCN-amplified (MNA) NB. These epigenetic changes collectively contribute to the dysregulated gene expression landscape observed in MNA NB. Furthermore, we review emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic regulators, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi), and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). We also discuss and summarize current drugs in preclinical and clinical trials, offering insights into their potential for improving outcomes for MNA NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Epp
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Shin Mei Chuah
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Beaudry A, Jacques-Ricard S, Darracq A, Sgarioto N, Garcia A, García TR, Lemieux W, Béland K, Haddad E, Cordeiro P, Duval M, McGraw S, Richer C, Caron M, Marois F, St-Onge P, Sinnett D, Banquy X, Raynal NJM. Repurposing disulfiram, an alcohol-abuse drug, in neuroblastoma causes KAT2A downregulation and in vivo activity with a water/oil emulsion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16443. [PMID: 37777587 PMCID: PMC10543387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common type of pediatric extracranial solid tumor, causes 10% of childhood cancer deaths. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, the outcomes of high-risk neuroblastoma remain poor. We urgently need to develop new therapies with safe long-term toxicity profiles for rapid testing in clinical trials. Drug repurposing is a promising approach to meet these needs. Here, we investigated disulfiram, a safe and successful chronic alcoholism treatment with known anticancer and epigenetic effects. Disulfiram efficiently induced cell cycle arrest and decreased the viability of six human neuroblastoma cell lines at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations up to 20 times lower than its peak clinical plasma level in patients treated for chronic alcoholism. Disulfiram shifted neuroblastoma transcriptome, decreasing MYCN levels and activating neuronal differentiation. Consistently, disulfiram significantly reduced the protein level of lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A), drastically reducing acetylation of its target residues on histone H3. To investigate disulfiram's anticancer effects in an in vivo model of high-risk neuroblastoma, we developed a disulfiram-loaded emulsion to deliver the highly liposoluble drug. Treatment with the emulsion significantly delayed neuroblastoma progression in mice. These results identify KAT2A as a novel target of disulfiram, which directly impacts neuroblastoma epigenetics and is a promising candidate for repurposing to treat pediatric neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Beaudry
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Simon Jacques-Ricard
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anaïs Darracq
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Araceli Garcia
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - William Lemieux
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Kathie Béland
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Paulo Cordeiro
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Michel Duval
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Serge McGraw
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - François Marois
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pascal St-Onge
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noël J-M Raynal
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Song J, Ni C, Dong X, Sheng C, Qu Y, Zhu L. bub1 as a potential oncogene and a prognostic biomarker for neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988415. [PMID: 36237324 PMCID: PMC9552328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial tumor for children. Molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of this disease are yet to be fully clarified. This study aimed to identify a novel oncogene that could be used as a biomarker informing the prognosis of neuroblastoma, and to predict its biological functions, using bioinformatics and molecular biology tools.MethodsThree data sets from the TARGET, GSE62564, and GSE85047 databases were used for analysis. Survivals of patients with high or low expression of bub1 were compared, using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Immune infiltration was evaluated using ESTIMATE and MCP-counter algorithms. Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were employed to silence bub1 expression in neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH, in order to characterize its biological functions. Gene enrichment analyses of bub1 were carried out, using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses.ResultsExpression of bub1 was found to significantly affect overall survival and event-free survival of patients with neuroblastoma, positively correlate with the expressions of tpx2 and the ASPM gene, and negatively correlate with host immune infiltration. Expression of bub1 was elevated in patients with neuroblastoma. Silencing bub1 expression using siRNAs in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH resulted in decreased cell growth (p < 0.05), reduced migration (p < 0.05), and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05). Function analysis of bub1 revealed cancer-promoting effects, probably via regulating several important downstream molecules, including that related to the apoptosis process and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.ConclusionWe identified a potential tumor-promoting gene bub1 for neuroblastoma that could also serve as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Second Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xubin Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenang Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Wenzhou Medical University-Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) Alliance in Clinical and Experimental Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Libin Zhu,
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5
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Pathania AS, Prathipati P, Pandey MK, Byrareddy SN, Coulter DW, Gupta SC, Challagundla KB. The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the epigenetic regulation of pediatric cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:227-241. [PMID: 33910063 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a process that involves the regulation of gene expression without altering the sequence of DNA. Numerous studies have documented that epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer over the past decade. The well-known epigenetic modifications are either on DNA or at the histone proteins. Although several studies have focused on regulating gene expression by non-coding RNAs, the current understanding of their biological functions in various human diseases, particularly in cancers, is inadequate. Only about two percent of DNA is involved in coding the protein-coding genes, and leaving the rest 98 percent is non-coding and the scientific community regarded as junk or noise with no known purpose. Most non-coding RNAs are derived from such junk DNA and are known to be involved in various signaling pathways involving cancer initiation, progression, and the development of therapy resistance in many human cancer types. Recent studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, piwi-interactingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, play a significant role in controlling epigenetic mechanism(s), indicating the potential effect of epigenetic modulation of non-coding RNAs on cancer progression. In this review article, we briefly presented epigenetic marks' characteristics, crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and microRNAs, piwi-interactingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs to uncover the effect on the phenotype of pediatric cancers. Further, current knowledge on understanding the RNA epigenetics will help design novel therapeutics that target epigenetic regulatory networks to benefit cancer patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Philip Prathipati
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kishore B Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; The Children's Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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6
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Elucidating miRNA Function in Cancer Biology via the Molecular Genetics’ Toolbox. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040915. [PMID: 35453665 PMCID: PMC9029477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNA (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of about 18–20 nucleotides in length and are implicated in many cellular processes including proliferation, development, differentiation, apoptosis and cell signaling. Furthermore, it is well known that miRNA expression is frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Therefore, this review will highlight the various mechanisms by which microRNAs are dysregulated in cancer. Further highlights include the abundance of molecular genetics tools that are currently available to study miRNA function as well as their advantages and disadvantages with a special focus on various CRISPR/Cas systems This review provides general workflows and some practical considerations when studying miRNA function thus enabling researchers to make informed decisions in regards to the appropriate molecular genetics tool to be utilized for their experiments.
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7
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Li L, Chen S, Li J, Rong G, Yang J, Li Y. Characterization of m6A-related lncRNA signature in neuroblastoma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:927885. [PMID: 36324814 PMCID: PMC9618704 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.927885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) constitutes one of the most common modifications in mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, microRNA, and long-chain noncoding RNA. The influence of modifications of m6A on the stability of RNA depends upon the expression of methyltransferase ("writer") and demethylase ("eraser") and m6A binding protein ("reader"). In this study, we identified a set of m6A-related lncRNA expression profiles in neuroblastoma (NBL) based on the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) program. Thereupon, we identified two subgroups of neuroblastoma (high-risk group and low-risk group) by applying consensus clustering to m6A RNA methylation regulators ("Readers,", "Writer," and "Erase"). Relative to the low-risk group, the high-risk group correlates with a poorer prognosis. Moreover, the present study also revealed that the high-risk group proves to be significantly positively enriched in the tumor-related signaling pathways, including the P53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, and DNA repair. This finding indicates that these molecular prognostic markers may also be potentially valuable in early diagnosis, which provides a new research direction for the study of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of NBL. In conclusion, this study constructed a new model of NBL prognosis based on m6a-associated lncRNAs. Ultimately, this model is helpful for stratification of prognosis and development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Guochou Rong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Juchao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunquan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, GuiPing People's Hospital, Guangxi, China
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8
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Ciaccio R, De Rosa P, Aloisi S, Viggiano M, Cimadom L, Zadran SK, Perini G, Milazzo G. Targeting Oncogenic Transcriptional Networks in Neuroblastoma: From N-Myc to Epigenetic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12883. [PMID: 34884690 PMCID: PMC8657550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most frequently occurring neurogenic extracranial solid cancers in childhood and infancy. Over the years, many pieces of evidence suggested that NB development is controlled by gene expression dysregulation. These unleashed programs that outline NB cancer cells make them highly dependent on specific tuning of gene expression, which can act co-operatively to define the differentiation state, cell identity, and specialized functions. The peculiar regulation is mainly caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations, resulting in the dependency on a small set of key master transcriptional regulators as the convergence point of multiple signalling pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive blueprint of transcriptional regulation bearing NB initiation and progression, unveiling the complexity of novel oncogenic and tumour suppressive regulatory networks of this pathology. Furthermore, we underline the significance of multi-target therapies against these hallmarks, showing how novel approaches, together with chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy, can have substantial antineoplastic effects, disrupting a wide variety of tumorigenic pathways through combinations of different treatments.
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9
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Trejo-Solis C, Escamilla-Ramirez A, Jimenez-Farfan D, Castillo-Rodriguez RA, Flores-Najera A, Cruz-Salgado A. Crosstalk of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the Induction of Apoptosis on Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090871. [PMID: 34577571 PMCID: PMC8465904 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in cell survival and proliferation, as well as in angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, and stem cell renewal in various cancer types. However, the modulation (either up- or downregulation) of this pathway can inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis both through β-catenin-dependent and independent mechanisms, and by crosstalk with other signaling pathways in a wide range of malignant tumors. Existing studies have reported conflicting results, indicating that the Wnt signaling can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing roles, depending on the cellular context. This review summarizes the available information on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in apoptosis induction in cancer cells and presents a modified dual-signal model for the function of β-catenin. Understanding the proapoptotic mechanisms induced by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could open new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angel Escamilla-Ramirez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Athenea Flores-Najera
- Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Departamento de Cirugía General, Ciudad de Mexico 03229, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
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10
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Krstic A, Konietzny A, Halasz M, Cain P, Oppermann U, Kolch W, Duffy DJ. A Chemo-Genomic Approach Identifies Diverse Epigenetic Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:612518. [PMID: 33968920 PMCID: PMC8097097 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a rare disease, neuroblastoma accounts for the highest proportion of childhood cancer deaths. There is a lack of recurrent somatic mutations in neuroblastoma embryonal tumours, suggesting a possible role for epigenetic alterations in driving this cancer. While an increasing number of reports suggest an association of MYCN with epigenetic machinery, the mechanisms of these interactions are poorly understood in the neuroblastoma setting. Utilising chemo-genomic approaches we revealed global MYCN-epigenetic interactions and identified numerous epigenetic proteins as MYCN targets. The epigenetic regulators HDAC2, CBX8 and CBP (CREBBP) were all MYCN target genes and also putative MYCN interactors. MYCN-related epigenetic genes included SMARCs, HDACs, SMYDs, BRDs and CREBBP. Expression levels of the majority of MYCN-related epigenetic genes showed predictive ability for neuroblastoma patient outcome. Furthermore, a compound library screen targeting epigenetic proteins revealed broad susceptibility of neuroblastoma cells to all classes of epigenetic regulators, belonging to families of bromodomains, HDACs, HATs, histone methyltransferases, DNA methyltransferases and lysin demethylases. Ninety-six percent of the compounds reduced MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell viability. We show that the C646 (CBP-bromodomain targeting compound) exhibits switch-like temporal and dose response behaviour and is effective at reducing neuroblastoma viability. Responsiveness correlates with MYCN expression, with MYCN-amplified cells being more susceptible to C646 treatment. Thus, exploiting the broad vulnerability of neuroblastoma cells to epigenetic targeting compounds represents an exciting strategy in neuroblastoma treatment, particularly for high-risk MYCN-amplified tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland and Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anja Konietzny
- Systems Biology Ireland and Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Emmy-Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland and Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Cain
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland and Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland and Precision Oncology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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11
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Qin XY, Gailhouste L. Non-Genomic Control of Dynamic MYCN Gene Expression in Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:618515. [PMID: 33937011 PMCID: PMC8085327 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.618515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulated MYCN gene expression is restricted to specialized cell populations such as EpCAM+ cancer stem cells in liver cancer, regardless of DNA amplification and mutation. Here, we reviewed the role of MYCN gene expression in liver homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis, and discussed the potential non-genomic mechanisms involved in controlling MYCN gene expression in liver cancer, with a focus on inflammation-mediated signal transduction and microRNA-associated post-transcriptional regulation. We concluded that dynamic MYCN gene expression is an integrated consequence of multiple signals in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor growth-promoting signals, lipid desaturation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation signals, and tumor suppressive miRNAs, making it a potential predictive biomarker of tumor stemness and plasticity. Therefore, understanding and tracing the dynamic changes and functions of MYCN gene expression will shed light on the origin of liver tumorigenesis at the cellular level and the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
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12
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Zhong X, Tao Y, Chang J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Liu Y. Prognostic Signature of Immune Genes and Immune-Related LncRNAs in Neuroblastoma: A Study Based on GEO and TARGET Datasets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631546. [PMID: 33767996 PMCID: PMC7985261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of immune-related genes and lncRNAs in neuroblastoma has not been elucidated, especially in subgroups with different outcomes. This study aimed to explore immune-related prognostic signatures. Materials and Methods Immune-related prognostic genes and lncRNAs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis in the training set. The top 20 C-index genes and 17 immune-related lncRNAs were included in prognostic model construction, and random forest and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression algorithms were employed to select features. The risk score model was constructed and assessed using the Kaplan-Meier plot and the receiver operating characteristic curve. Functional enrichment analysis of the immune-related lncRNAs was conducted using the STRING database. Results In GSE49710, five immune genes (CDK4, PIK3R1, THRA, MAP2K2, and ULBP2) were included in the risk score five genes (RS5_G) signature, and eleven immune-related lncRNAs (LINC00260, FAM13A1OS, AGPAT4-IT1, DUBR, MIAT, TSC22D1-AS1, DANCR, MIR137HG, ERC2-IT1, LINC01184, LINC00667) were brought into risk score LncRNAs (RS_Lnc) signature. Patients were divided into high/low-risk score groups by the median. Overall survival and event/progression-free survival time were shortened in patients with high scores, both in training and validation cohorts. The same results were found in subgroups. In grouping ability assessment, the area under the curves (AUCs) in distinguishing different groups ranged from 0.737 to 0.94, better in discriminating MYCN status and high risk in training cohort (higher than 0.9). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that RS5_G and RS_Lnc were the independent risk factors for overall and event/progression-free survival (all p-values <0.001). Correlation analysis showed that RS5_G and RS_Lnc were negatively associated with aDC, CD8+ T cells, but positively correlated with Th2 cells. Functional enrichment analyzes demonstrated that immune-related lncRNAs are mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways and immune-related pathways. Conclusion We identified the immune-related prognostic signature RS5_G and RS_Lnc. The predicting and grouping ability is close to being even better than those reported in other studies, especially in subgroups. This study provided prognostic signatures that may help clinicians to choose optimal treatment strategies and showed a new insight for NB treatment. These results need further biological experiments and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhong
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Chang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linyu Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanning Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Corrias MV, Leardi R, Farinini E, Fronza G, Menichini P, Monti P, Monteleone L, Valenti GE, Speciale A, Perri P, Madia F, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. Potential Role of miRNAs in the Acquisition of Chemoresistance in Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020107. [PMID: 33562297 PMCID: PMC7916079 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for about 8–10% of pediatric cancers, and the main causes of death are the presence of metastases and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Metastatic NB is characterized by MYCN amplification that correlates with changes in the expression of miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNA sequences, playing a crucial role in NB development and chemoresistance. In the present study, miRNA expression was analyzed in two human MYCN-amplified NB cell lines, one sensitive (HTLA-230) and one resistant to Etoposide (ER-HTLA), by microarray and RT-qPCR techniques. These analyses showed that miRNA-15a, -16-1, -19b, -218, and -338 were down-regulated in ER-HTLA cells. In order to validate the presence of this down-regulation in vivo, the expression of these miRNAs was analyzed in primary tumors, metastases, and bone marrow of therapy responder and non-responder pediatric patients. Principal component analysis data showed that the expression of miRNA-19b, -218, and -338 influenced metastases, and that the expression levels of all miRNAs analyzed were higher in therapy responders in respect to non-responders. Collectively, these findings suggest that these miRNAs might be involved in the regulation of the drug response, and could be employed for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3538831
| | | | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16100 Genova, Italy; (M.V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Riccardo Leardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (R.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Emanuele Farinini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (R.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Gilberto Fronza
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Paola Menichini
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Paola Monti
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrea Speciale
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16100 Genova, Italy; (M.V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16100 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
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14
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Association of RASSF1A, DCR2, and CASP8 Methylation with Survival in Neuroblastoma: A Pooled Analysis Using Reconstructed Individual Patient Data. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7390473. [PMID: 33381579 PMCID: PMC7755470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7390473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous tumor affecting children. It shows a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes; therefore, development of risk stratification is critical to provide optimum treatment. Since epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have emerged as an important feature of both development and progression in NB, in this study, we aimed to quantify the effect of methylation of three distinct genes (RASSF1A, DCR2, and CASP8) on overall survival in NB patients. We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries. Individual patient data was retrieved from extracted Kaplan–Meier curves. Data from studies was then merged, and analysis was done on the full data set. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Methylation of the three genes had worse overall survival than the unmethylated arms. Five-year survival for the methylated arm of RASSF1A, DCR2, and CASP8 was 63.19% (95% CI 56.55-70.60), 57.78% (95% CI 47.63-70.08), and 56.39% (95% CI 49.53-64.19), respectively, while for the unmethylated arm, it was 93.10% (95% CI 87.40–99.1), 84.84% (95% CI 80.04-89.92), and 83.68% (95% CI 80.28-87.22), respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that in NB patients, RASSF1A, DCR2, and CASP8 methylation is associated with poor prognosis. Large prospective studies will be necessary to confirm definitive correlation between methylation of these genes and survival taking into account all other known risk factors. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017082264).
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15
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Targeting MDM2 for Neuroblastoma Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Action. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123651. [PMID: 33291373 PMCID: PMC7762001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that causes aggressive disease in children. The overall survival rate of high-risk patients is very low, therefore developing effective and safe therapies for neuroblastoma is an urgent unmet medical need. The mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog gene is amplified and overexpressed in neuroblastoma and contributes to the poor response to treatment and poor prognosis in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Therefore, targeting MDM2 provides a promising approach to neuroblastoma therapy, especially for advanced disease. In the present study, we tested a unique MDM2 inhibitor, SP141, for its therapeutic efficacy and safety in neuroblastoma tumor models. We found that SP141 has significant anti- neuroblastoma activity in cell culture and inhibits tumor growth in animal models of human neuroblastoma, without any noticeable host toxicity. These results provide the basis for targeting MDM2 to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric solid tumor with an overall survival rate of <50% for patients with high-risk disease. The majority (>98%) of pathologically-diagnosed neuroblastomas have wild-type p53 with intact functional activity. However, the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and leads to inhibition of p53. MDM2 also exerts p53-independent oncogenic functions. Thus, MDM2 seems to be an attractive target for the reactivation of p53 and attenuation of oncogenic activity in neuroblastoma. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms of action of SP141, a first-in-class MDM2 inhibitor, in neuroblastoma cell lines with different p53 backgrounds. The findings were confirmed in mouse xenograft models of neuroblastoma. Results: We demonstrate that SP141 reduces neuroblastoma cell viability, induces apoptosis, arrests cells at the G2/M phase, and prevents cell migration, independent of p53. In addition, in neuroblastoma xenograft models, SP141 inhibited MDM2 expression and suppressed tumor growth without any host toxicity at the effective dose. Conclusions: MDM2 inhibition by SP141 results in the inhibition of neuroblastoma growth and metastasis, regardless of the p53 status of the cells and tumors. These findings provide proof-of-concept that SP141 represents a novel treatment option for both p53 wild-type and p53 null neuroblastoma.
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16
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Nolan JC, Salvucci M, Carberry S, Barat A, Segura MF, Fenn J, Prehn JHM, Stallings RL, Piskareva O. A Context-Dependent Role for MiR-124-3p on Cell Phenotype, Viability and Chemosensitivity in Neuroblastoma in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:559553. [PMID: 33330445 PMCID: PMC7714770 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.559553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neural crest-derived tumor, which develops before birth or in early childhood, with metastatic dissemination typically preceding diagnosis. Tumors are characterized by a highly heterogeneous combination of cellular phenotypes demonstrating varying degrees of differentiation along different lineage pathways, and possessing distinct super-enhancers and core regulatory circuits, thereby leading to highly varied malignant potential and divergent clinical outcomes. Cytoskeletal reorganization is fundamental to cellular transformations, including the processes of cellular differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), previously reported by our lab and others to coincide with chemotherapy resistance and enhanced metastatic ability of tumor cells. This study set out to investigate the ability of the neuronal miR-124-3p to reverse the cellular transformation associated with drug resistance development and assess the anti-oncogenic role of this miRNA in in vitro models of drug-resistant adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES) neuroblastoma cell lines. Low expression of miR-124-3p in a cohort of neuroblastomas was significantly associated with poor overall and progression-free patient survival. Over-expression of miR-124-3p in vitro inhibited cell viability through the promotion of cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in addition to sensitizing drug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutics in a panel of morphologically distinct neuroblastoma cell lines. Finally, we describe miR-124-3p direct targeting and repression of key up-regulated cytoskeletal genes including MYH9, ACTN4 and PLEC and the reversal of the resistance-associated EMT and enhanced invasive capacity previously reported in our in vitro model (SK-N-ASCis24).
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Nolan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana Barat
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justine Fenn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond L Stallings
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olga Piskareva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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NBPF1 independently determine the risk stratification and prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Genomics 2020; 112:3951-3957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Phimmachanh M, Han JZR, O'Donnell YEI, Latham SL, Croucher DR. Histone Deacetylases and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578770. [PMID: 33117806 PMCID: PMC7575710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a key role in regulating gene expression by remodeling chromatin structure. An imbalance of histone acetylation caused by deregulated HDAC expression and activity is known to promote tumor progression in a number of tumor types, including neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor in children. Consequently, the inhibition of HDACs has emerged as a potential strategy to reverse these aberrant epigenetic changes, and several classes of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to inhibit tumor proliferation, or induce differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in neuroblastoma. Further, the combined use of HDACi with other chemotherapy agents, or radiotherapy, has shown promising pre-clinical results and various HDACi have progressed to different stages in clinical trials. Despite this, the effects of HDACi are multifaceted and more work needs to be done to unravel their specific mechanisms of actions. In this review, we discuss the functional role of HDACs in neuroblastoma and the potential of HDACi to be optimized for development and use in the clinic for treatment of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Phimmachanh
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Z R Han
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolande E I O'Donnell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Yue ZX, Xing TY, Gao C, Liu SG, Zhao W, Zhao Q, Wang XS, Jin M, Ma XL. Chromosome band 11q23 deletion predicts poor prognosis in bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma patients without MYCN amplification. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:68. [PMID: 31685009 PMCID: PMC6829843 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bone marrow cells has been confirmed to be a direct and valid method to assess the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) amplification in patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma. MYCN amplification alone, however, is insufficient for pretreatment risk stratification. Chromosome band 11q23 deletion has recently been included in the risk stratification of neuroblastoma. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics and prognostic impact of 11q23 deletion and MYCN amplification in patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma. Methods We analyzed the MYCN and 11q23 statuses of 101 patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma using interphase FISH of bone marrow cells. We specifically compared the biological characteristics and prognostic impact of both aberrations. Results MYCN amplification and 11q23 deletion were seen in 12 (11.9%) and 40 (39.6%) patients. The two markers were mutually exclusive. MYCN amplification occurred mainly in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels (both P < 0.001), and MYCN-amplified patients had more events (tumor relapse, progression, or death) than MYCN-normal patients (P = 0.004). 11q23 deletion was associated only with age (P = 0.001). Patients with MYCN amplification had poorer outcomes than those with normal MYCN (3-year event-free survival [EFS] rate: 8.3 ± 8.0% vs. 43.8 ± 8.5%, P < 0.001; 3-year overall survival [OS] rate: 10.4 ± 9.7% vs. 63.5% ± 5.7%, P < 0.001). 11q23 deletion reflected a poor prognosis only for patients with normal MYCN (3-year EFS rate: 34.3 ± 9.5% vs. 53.4 ± 10.3%, P = 0.037; 3-year OS rate: 42.9 ± 10.4% vs. 75.9 ± 6.1%, P = 0.048). Those with both MYCN amplification and 11q23 deletion had the worst outcome (P < 0.001). Conclusions Chromosome band 11q23 deletion predicts poor prognosis only in bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma patients without MYCN amplification. Combined assessment of the two markers was much superior to single-marker assessment in recognizing the patients at a high risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xia Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Guang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Si Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China.
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20
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The roles played by the MYCN, Trk, and ALK genes in neuroblastoma and neural development. Surg Today 2019; 49:721-727. [PMID: 30848386 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent, yet distinctive and challenging childhood tumors. The uniqueness of this tumor depends on its biological markers, which classify neuroblastomas into favorable and unfavorable, with 5-year survival rates ranging from almost 100-30%. In this review, we focus on some biological factors that play major roles in neuroblastoma: MYCN, Trk, and ALK. The MYCN and Trk family genes have been studied for decades and are known to be crucial for the tumorigenesis and progression of neuroblastoma. ALK gene mutations have been recognized recently to be responsible for familial neuroblastomas. Each factor plays an important role in normal neural development, regulating cell proliferation or differentiation by activating several signaling pathways, and interacting with each other. These factors have been studied not only as prognostic factors, but also as targets of neuroblastoma therapy, and some clinical trials are ongoing. We review the basic aspects of MYCN, Trk, and ALK in both neural development and in neuroblastoma.
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21
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Bountali A, Tonge DP, Mourtada-Maarabouni M. RNA sequencing reveals a key role for the long non-coding RNA MIAT in regulating neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell fate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:878-891. [PMID: 30836187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (MIAT) is a subnuclear lncRNA that interferes with alternative splicing and is associated with increased risk of various heart conditions and nervous system tumours. The current study aims to elucidate the role of MIAT in cell survival, apoptosis and migration in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme. To this end, MIAT was silenced by MIAT-specific siRNAs in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines, and RNA sequencing together with a series of functional assays were performed. The RNA sequencing has revealed that the expression of an outstanding number of genes is altered, including genes involved in cancer-related processes, such as cell growth and survival, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and migration. Furthermore, the functional studies have confirmed the RNA sequencing leads, with our key findings suggesting that MIAT knockdown eliminates long-term survival and migration and increases basal apoptosis in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines. Taken together with the recent demonstration of the involvement of MIAT in glioblastoma, our observations suggest that MIAT could possess tumour-promoting properties, thereby acting as an oncogene, and has the potential to be used as a reliable biomarker for neuroblastoma and glioblastoma and be employed for prognostic, predictive and, potentially, therapeutic purposes for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Bountali
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Daniel P Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mirna Mourtada-Maarabouni
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK.
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22
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The presence of Y674/Y675 phosphorylated NTRK1 via TP53 repression of PTPN6 expression as a potential prognostic marker in neuroblastoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 86:182-192. [PMID: 30594749 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 promotes nerve growth factor receptor (NTRK1) -Y674/Y675 phosphorylation (NTRK1-pY674/pY675) via repression of the NTRK1 phosphatase PTPN6 in a ligand-independent manner, resulting in suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, NTRK1-pY674/pY675 together with low levels of PTPN6 and TP53 expression is associated with favorable disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. We determined whether in neuroblastoma this protein expression pattern impacts relapse-free survival (RFS). NTRK1-pY674/pY675, PTPN6, and TP53 expression was assessed in 98 neuroblastoma samples by immunohistochemistry. Association between expression levels and RFS was investigated by multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Mutant or wild-type TP53 was identified by sequencing tumor DNA. Tumors expressing NTRK1-pY674/pY675 and low or undetectable levels of PTPN6 and TP53 were significantly associated with 5-year RFS (P = .014) when the dataset was stratified by MYCN amplification, segmental chromosomal abnormalities and histology. Similar results were observed with tumors expressing wild-type TP53, NTRK1-pY674/pY675 and low or undetectable levels of PTPN6. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant correlation (P = .004), with a 50% probability of RFS (median survival 4.73 years) when present compared with 19.51% (median survival 11.63 months) when absent. Similar results were seen with non-amplified MYCN or unfavorable/undifferentiating samples and tumors from patients aged 18 months or less. Importantly, NTRK1-pY674/pY675 is an independent predictor of improved RFS. These results strongly suggest that NTRK1-pY674/pY675 together with wild-type TP53 and undetectable or low levels of PTPN6 expression is a potential biomarker of improved RFS of neuroblastoma patients. The predictive value of NTRK1-pY674/pY675 together with wild-type TP53 and low PTPN6 expression could contribute to neuroblastoma patient prognosis.
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23
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Zhong X, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Identification of Potential Prognostic Genes for Neuroblastoma. Front Genet 2018; 9:589. [PMID: 30555514 PMCID: PMC6282001 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common pediatric solid tumor apart from brain tumor, is associated with dismal long-term survival. The aim of this study was to identify a gene signature to predict the prognosis of NB patients. Materials and Methods: GSE49710 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R package “limma” and SPSS software. The gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were established via DAVID database. Random forest (RF) and risk score model were used to pick out the gene signature in predicting the prognosis of NB patients. Simultaneously, the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve were plotted. GSE45480 and GSE16476 datasets were employed to validate the robustness of the gene signature. Results: A total of 131 DEGs were identified, which were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways. Four genes (ERCC6L, AHCY, STK33, and NCAN) were selected as a gene signature, which was included in the top six important features in RF model, to predict the prognosis in NB patients, its area under the curve (AUC) could reach 0.86, and Cox regression analysis revealed that the 4-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival and event-free survival. As well as in GSE16476. Additionally, the robustness of discriminating different groups of the 4-gene signature was verified to have a commendable performance in GSE45480 and GSE49710. Conclusion: The present study identified a gene-signature in predicting the prognosis in NB, which may provide novel prognostic markers, and some of the genes may be as treatment targets according to biological experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhong
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanning Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linyu Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Müller-Schulte E, Kurlemann G, Harder A. Tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs during pregnancy and risk of neuroblastoma: systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018; 103:F467-F473. [PMID: 29162685 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether prenatal and perinatal maternal consumption of alcohol, tobacco and/or illicit drugs is associated with risk of neuroblastoma. DATA SOURCES Medline and Embase (both from inception to February 2017), and reference lists of included studies. STUDY SELECTION To be eligible, a study had to be an original report including data on intake of alcohol, tobacco smoking and/or consumption of illicit drugs during pregnancy and risk of neuroblastoma in the child. DATA EXTRACTION From eligible studies, data study characteristics as well as effect measures and confounders were extracted. We assessed unadjusted and confounder-adjusted estimates, performed risk of bias analysis, constructed random-effects models and assessed heterogeneity. RESULTS We identified 14 case-control studies (1987-2016) involving a total of 3114 children with neuroblastoma. Meta-analysis of unadjusted estimates showed an association between alcohol (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.49), tobacco (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.44) and illicit drug consumption during pregnancy and risk of neuroblastoma during childhood, with illicit drug consumption showing the strongest association (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.36 to 7.86). However, adjusted estimates were highly heterogeneous. LIMITATIONS All studies were at high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Smoking, alcohol or illicit drugs during pregnancy might play a role in the development of neuroblastoma. However, well-designed studies are needed to assess whether these exposures are causal and whether time period during pregnancy, dose or co-consumption of substances is critical. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registration number CRD42016036165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Müller-Schulte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kurlemann
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Harder
- Institute of Pathology, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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25
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Curtin C, Nolan JC, Conlon R, Deneweth L, Gallagher C, Tan YJ, Cavanagh BL, Asraf AZ, Harvey H, Miller-Delaney S, Shohet J, Bray I, O'Brien FJ, Stallings RL, Piskareva O. A physiologically relevant 3D collagen-based scaffold-neuroblastoma cell system exhibits chemosensitivity similar to orthotopic xenograft models. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:84-97. [PMID: 29447961 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3D scaffold-based in vitro cell culturing is a recent technological advancement in cancer research bridging the gap between conventional 2D culture and in vivo tumours. The main challenge in treating neuroblastoma, a paediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is to combat tumour metastasis and resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to establish a physiologically relevant 3D neuroblastoma tissue-engineered system and explore its therapeutic relevance. Two neuroblastoma cell lines, chemotherapeutic sensitive Kelly and chemotherapeutic resistant KellyCis83 were cultured in a 3D in vitro model on two collagen-based scaffolds containing either glycosaminoglycan (Coll-GAG) or nanohydroxyapatite (Coll-nHA) and compared to 2D cell culture and an orthotopic murine model. Both neuroblastoma cell lines actively infiltrated the scaffolds and proliferated displaying >100-fold increased resistance to cisplatin treatment when compared to 2D cultures, exhibiting chemosensitivity similar to orthotopic xenograft in vivo models. This model demonstrated its applicability to validate miRNA-based gene delivery. The efficacy of liposomes bearing miRNA mimics uptake and gene knockdown was similar in both 2D and 3D in vitro culturing models highlighting the proof-of-principle for the applicability of 3D collagen-based scaffolds cell system for validation of miRNA function. Collectively, this data shows the successful development and characterisation of a physiologically relevant, scaffold-based 3D tissue-engineered neuroblastoma cell model, strongly supporting its value in the evaluation of chemotherapeutics, targeted therapies and investigation of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. While neuroblastoma is the specific disease being focused upon, the platform may have multi-functionality beyond this tumour type. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Traditional 2D cell cultures do not completely capture the 3D architecture of cells and extracellular matrix contributing to a gap in our understanding of mammalian biology at the tissue level and may explain some of the discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo results. Here, we demonstrated the successful development and characterisation of a physiologically relevant, scaffold-based 3D tissue-engineered neuroblastoma cell model, strongly supporting its value in the evaluation of chemotherapeutics, targeted therapies and investigation of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. The ability to test drugs in this reproducible and controllable tissue-engineered model system will help reduce the attrition rate of the drug development process and lead to more effective and tailored therapies. Importantly, such 3D cell models help to reduce and replace animals for pre-clinical research addressing the principles of the 3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J C Nolan
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Conlon
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Deneweth
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Gallagher
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y J Tan
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B L Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Z Asraf
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Harvey
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Miller-Delaney
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, United States
| | - I Bray
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R L Stallings
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Piskareva
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Maugeri M, Barbagallo D, Barbagallo C, Banelli B, Di Mauro S, Purrello F, Magro G, Ragusa M, Di Pietro C, Romani M, Purrello M. Altered expression of miRNAs and methylation of their promoters are correlated in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83330-83341. [PMID: 27829219 PMCID: PMC5347773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common human extracranial solid tumor during infancy. Involvement of several miRNAs in its pathogenesis has been ascertained. Interestingly, most of their encoding genes reside in hypermethylated genomic regions: thus, their tumor suppressor function is normally disallowed in these tumors. To date, the therapeutic role of the demethylating agent 5′-Aza-2 deoxycytidine (5'-AZA) and its effects on miRNAome modulation in neuroblastoma have not been satisfactorily explored. Starting from a high-throughput expression profiling of 754 miRNAs and based on a proper selection, we focused on miR-29a-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-181c-5p and miR-517a-3p as candidate miRNAs for our analysis. They resulted downregulated in four neuroblastoma cell lines with respect to normal adrenal gland. MiRNAs 29a-3p and 34b-3p also resulted downregulated in vivo in a murine neuroblastoma progression model. Unlike the amount of methylation of their encoding gene promoters, all these miRNAs were significantly overexpressed following treatment with 5′-AZA. Transfection with candidate miRNAs mimics significantly decreased neuroblastoma cells proliferation rate. A lower expression of miR-181c was significantly associated to a worse overall survival in a public dataset of 498 neuroblastoma samples (http://r2.amc.nl). Our data strongly suggest that CDK6, DNMT3A, DNMT3B are targets of miR-29a-3p, while CCNE2 and E2F3 are targets of miR-34b-3p. Based on all these data, we propose that miR-29a-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-181c-5p and miR-517a-3p are disallowed tumor suppressor genes in neuroblastoma and suggest them as new therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maugeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Barbara Banelli
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU.,Department of HealthSciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università di Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università di Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Massimo Romani
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Michele Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
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27
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Tan WQ, Chen G, Ye M, Jia B. Artemether Regulates Chemosensitivity to Doxorubicin via Regulation of B7-H3 in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4252-4259. [PMID: 28866709 PMCID: PMC5594998 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemether, originally used for malaria, exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy against several types of cancer, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gliomas. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of artemether on drug resistance of neuroblastoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability and proliferation were determined by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assay, respectively. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed that artemether treatment remarkably inhibited the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH, and SK-N-BE2. In addition, co-treatment of tumor cells with artemether and doxorubicin significantly reduced cell viability and DNA synthesis compared with doxorubicin-treated cells. On the molecular level, we found that combined treatment with artemether and doxorubicin suppressed the expression of B7-H3 both at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, artemether failed to sensitize tumor cells to doxorubicin in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing B7-H3. CONCLUSIONS Artemether-mediated inhibition of B7-H3 may contribute to doxorubicin sensitivity in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that artemether could serve as a potential therapeutic option for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Jia
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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28
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Juškaitė A, Tamulienė I, Rascon J. Results of neuroblastoma treatment in Lithuania: a single centre experience. Acta Med Litu 2017; 24:128-137. [PMID: 28845131 PMCID: PMC5566952 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v24i2.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children. This is a very rare disease with heterogeneous biology varying from complete spontaneous regression to a highly aggressive tumour responsible for 15% of malignancy-related death in early childhood. Analyses of survival rates in Europe have shown a considerable difference between Northern/Western and Eastern European countries. Treatment results of NB in Lithuania have never been analyzed. Aim. To assess the survival rate of children with NB according to initial spread of the disease, age at diagnosis, the MYCN amplification, risk group, and treatment period. Patients and methods. A retrospective single-centre analysis of patients’ records was performed. Children diagnosed and treated for NB between 2000 and 2015 at the Centre of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology of the Children’s Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to the spread of the disease: group 1 – patients with local NB older than 12 years of age; group 2 – stage IV patients, also called the M stage; group 3 – infants with stages 4S and MS. The patients were stratified into three risk groups – low, intermediate and high risk. Estimates of five-year overall survival (OS5y) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method comparing survival probability according to spread of the disease, age at diagnosis, the MYCN amplification, risk group and treatment period (2000–2007 vs 2008–2015). Results. Overall 60 children (31 girls and 29 boys) with NB were included. The median age at diagnosis was 1.87 years (ranged from 4 days to 15 years). Seventy-eight percent of cases were found to be differentiated or undifferentiated NB, 22% – ganglioneuroblastoma. The local form of the disease was predominant: 57% (34/60) of patients were allocated to the group 1, 37% (22/60) with initial metastatic disease were assigned to group 2, and infants with 4S or MS stage comprising 7% (4/60) allocated to group 3, respectively. The probability of OS5y for the entire cohort was 71% with the median follow-up of 8.8 ± 4.8 years. The probability of OS5y for local disease (group 1) was significantly higher compared to metastatic disease (group 2) (94% vs. 34%, p = 0.001, respectively) as well as for infants compared to children older than 12 months at the time of diagnosis (90% vs 60%, p = 0.009, respectively). The MYCN gene amplification had a negative influence on OS5y, with 78% of MYCN-negative patients surviving in comparison to 40% of MYCN-positive patients who did not survive (p = 0.153). The high-risk patients had significantly worse OS5y than children with intermediated or low risk (35% vs. 82% vs. 100%, respectively, p = 0.001). Comparison of OS5y between two treatment periods in the entire patient population revealed a non-significant increase in survival from 66% in the 2000–2007 period to 82% in the 2008–2015 period (p = 0.291), mostly due to a dramatic improvement achieved for high-risk patients whose survival rate increased from 9% in the 2000–2007 period to 70% in the 2008–2015 period (p = 0.009). Conclusions. There was a slight predominance of low-risk patients, probably due to a higher number of infants. A better probability of OS5y was confirmed in infants with local disease and in MYCN-negative patients. The OS5y for children treated for NB at our institution over 16 years increased from 66% in the 2000–2007 period to 82% in the 2008–2015 period with the most significant improvement achieved for high risk patients. The current survival rate of children treated for NB at our institution is in line with the reported numbers in Northern and Western European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrė Tamulienė
- Centre of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Rascon
- Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Centre of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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29
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Megiorni F, Colaiacovo M, Cialfi S, McDowell HP, Guffanti A, Camero S, Felsani A, Losty PD, Pizer B, Shukla R, Cappelli C, Ferrara E, Pizzuti A, Moles A, Dominici C. A sketch of known and novel MYCN-associated miRNA networks in neuroblastoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3-20. [PMID: 28586032 PMCID: PMC5492854 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) originates from neural crest-derived precursors and represents the most common childhood extracranial solid tumour. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that participate in a wide variety of biological processes by regulating gene expression, appear to play an essential role within the NB context. High-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to study the miRNA transcriptome in a cohort of NB tumours with and without MYCN-amplification (MNA and MNnA, respectively) and in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), as a control. Out of the 128 miRNAs differentially expressed in the NB vs. DRG comparison, 47 were expressed at higher levels, while 81 were expressed at lower levels in the NB tumours. We also found that 23 miRNAs were differentially expressed in NB with or without MYCN-amplification, with 17 miRNAs being upregulated and 6 being downregulated in the MNA subtypes. Functional annotation analysis of the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs demonstrated that many mRNAs were involved in cancer-related pathways, such as DNA-repair and apoptosis as well as FGFR and EGFR signalling. In particular, we found that miR-628-3p negatively affects MYCN gene expression. Furthermore, we identified a novel miRNA candidate with variable expression in MNA vs. MNnA tumours, whose putative target genes are implicated in the mTOR pathway. The present study provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms that correlate miRNA dysregulation to NB development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Heather P McDowell
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Camero
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paul D Losty
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, L12 2AP Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Pizer
- Department of Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, L12 2AP Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajeev Shukla
- Department of Perinatal and Paediatric Pathology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, L12 2AP Liverpool, UK
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Ferrara
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Moles
- Genomnia s.r.l., I-20091 Bresso, MI, Italy
| | - Carlo Dominici
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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Rauschert I, Aldunate F, Preussner J, Arocena-Sutz M, Peraza V, Looso M, Benech JC, Agrelo R. Promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism for Lamin A/C silencing in a subset of neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175953. [PMID: 28422997 PMCID: PMC5397038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins support the nuclear envelope and provide anchorage sites for chromatin. They are involved in DNA synthesis, transcription, and replication. It has previously been reported that the lack of Lamin A/C expression in lymphoma and leukaemia is due to CpG island promoter hypermethylation. Here, we provide evidence that Lamin A/C is silenced via this mechanism in a subset of neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, Lamin A/C expression can be restored with a demethylating agent. Importantly, Lamin A/C reintroduction reduced cell growth kinetics and impaired migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent cell growth. Cytoskeletal restructuring was also induced. In addition, the introduction of lamin Δ50, known as Progerin, caused senescence in these neuroblastoma cells. These cells were stiffer and developed a cytoskeletal structure that differed from that observed upon Lamin A/C introduction. Of relevance, short hairpin RNA Lamin A/C depletion in unmethylated neuroblastoma cells enhanced the aforementioned tumour properties. A cytoskeletal structure similar to that observed in methylated cells was induced. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that Lamin A/C knockdown decreased cellular stiffness in the lamellar region. Finally, the bioinformatic analysis of a set of methylation arrays of neuroblastoma primary tumours showed that a group of patients (around 3%) gives a methylation signal in some of the CpG sites located within the Lamin A/C promoter region analysed by bisulphite sequencing PCR. These findings highlight the importance of Lamin A/C epigenetic inactivation for a subset of neuroblastomas, leading to enhanced tumour properties and cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, these findings may have treatment implications because tumour cells lacking Lamin A/C exhibit more aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rauschert
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Nanobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabian Aldunate
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jens Preussner
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Miguel Arocena-Sutz
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vanina Peraza
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juan C. Benech
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Nanobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Agrelo
- Epigenetics of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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31
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Yue ZX, Huang C, Gao C, Xing TY, Liu SG, Li XJ, Zhao Q, Wang XS, Zhao W, Jin M, Ma XL. MYCN amplification predicts poor prognosis based on interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of bone marrow cells in bone marrow metastases of neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:43. [PMID: 28367105 PMCID: PMC5374581 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYCN gene amplification is related to risk stratification. Therefore it is important to identify accurately the level of the MYCN gene as early as possible in neuroblastoma (NB); however, for patients with bone marrow (BM) metastasis who need chemotherapy before surgery, timely detection of the MYCN gene is not possible due to the unavailability of primary tumors. METHODS MYCN gene status was evaluated in 81 BM metastases of NB by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of BM cells. The clinicobiological characteristics and prognostic impact of MYCN amplification in NB metastatic to BM were analyzed. RESULTS MYCN amplification was found in 16% of patients with metastases, and the results were consistent with the primary tumors detected by pathological tissue FISH. MYCN amplification was associated with age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and prognosis (P = 0.038, P < 0.001, P = 0.026). Clinical outcome was poorer in patients with MYCN amplification than in those without amplification (3-year EFS 28.8 ± 13.1 vs. 69.7 ± 5.7%, P = 0.005; 3-year OS 41.5 ± 14.7 vs. 76.7 ± 5.5%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS MYCN amplification predicts a poor outcome in NB metastatic to BM, and interphase FISH of bone marrow cells provides a timely direct and valid method to evaluate the MYCN gene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xia Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Tian-Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Shu-Guang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xing-Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xi-Si Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Mei Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
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32
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Halasz M, Schwarzl T, Konietzny A, Iljin K, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Retinoic acid and TGF-β signalling cooperate to overcome MYCN-induced retinoid resistance. Genome Med 2017; 9:15. [PMID: 28187790 PMCID: PMC5303304 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid therapy is widely employed in clinical oncology to differentiate malignant cells into their more benign counterparts. However, certain high-risk cohorts, such as patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, are innately resistant to retinoid therapy. Therefore, we employed a precision medicine approach to globally profile the retinoid signalling response and to determine how an excess of cellular MYCN antagonises these signalling events to prevent differentiation and confer resistance. METHODS We applied RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and interaction proteomics coupled with network-based systems level analysis to identify targetable vulnerabilities of MYCN-mediated retinoid resistance. We altered MYCN expression levels in a MYCN-inducible neuroblastoma cell line to facilitate or block retinoic acid (RA)-mediated neuronal differentiation. The relevance of differentially expressed genes and transcriptional regulators for neuroblastoma outcome were then confirmed using existing patient microarray datasets. RESULTS We determined the signalling networks through which RA mediates neuroblastoma differentiation and the inhibitory perturbations to these networks upon MYCN overexpression. We revealed opposing regulation of RA and MYCN on a number of differentiation-relevant genes, including LMO4, CYP26A1, ASCL1, RET, FZD7 and DKK1. Furthermore, we revealed a broad network of transcriptional regulators involved in regulating retinoid responsiveness, such as Neurotrophin, PI3K, Wnt and MAPK, and epigenetic signalling. Of these regulators, we functionally confirmed that MYCN-driven inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling is a vulnerable node of the MYCN network and that multiple levels of cross-talk exist between MYCN and TGF-β. Co-targeting of the retinoic acid and TGF-β pathways, through RA and kartogenin (KGN; a TGF-β signalling activating small molecule) combination treatment, induced the loss of viability of MYCN-amplified retinoid-resistant neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our approach provides a powerful precision oncology tool for identifying the driving signalling networks for malignancies not primarily driven by somatic mutations, such as paediatric cancers. By applying global omics approaches to the signalling networks regulating neuroblastoma differentiation and stemness, we have determined the pathways involved in the MYCN-mediated retinoid resistance, with TGF-β signalling being a key regulator. These findings revealed a number of combination treatments likely to improve clinical response to retinoid therapy, including co-treatment with retinoids and KGN, which may prove valuable in the treatment of high-risk MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, 32080, USA.
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Konietzny
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present address: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kristiina Iljin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Speleman F, Park JR, Henderson TO. Neuroblastoma: A Tough Nut to Crack. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e548-57. [PMID: 27249766 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_159169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumor arising from neural crest-derived progenitor cells, is the most common solid tumor in childhood, with more than 700 cases diagnosed per year in the United States. In the past several decades, significant advances have been made in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Treatment advances reflect improved understanding of the biology of neuroblastoma. Although amplification of MYCN was discovered in the early 1980s, our understanding of neuroblastoma oncogenesis has advanced in the last decade as a result of high-throughput genomic analysis, exome and whole-genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies, and synthetic lethal drug screens. Our refined understanding of neuroblastoma biology and genetics is reflected in improved prognostic stratification and appropriate tailoring of therapy in recent clinical trials. Moreover, for high-risk neuroblastoma, a disease that was uniformly fatal 3 decades ago, recent clinical trials incorporating autologous hematopoietic transplant and immunotherapy utilizing anti-GD2 antibody plus cytokines have shown improved event-free and overall survival. These advances have resulted in a growing population of long-term survivors of neuroblastoma. Examination of the late effects and second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in both older generations of survivors and more recently treated survivors will inform both design of future trials and surveillance guidelines for long-term follow-up. As a consequence of advances in understanding of the biology of neuroblastoma, successful clinical trials, and refined understanding of the late effects and SMNs of survivors, the promise of precision medicine is becoming a reality for patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Speleman
- From the Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Julie R Park
- From the Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Tara O Henderson
- From the Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
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35
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Li D, Cao Y, Li J, Xu J, Liu Q, Sun X. miR-506 suppresses neuroblastoma metastasis by targeting ROCK1. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:417-422. [PMID: 28123576 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a complex form of cancer with highly heterogeneous clinical behavior that arises during childhood from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. In patients with neuroblastoma, mortality often occurs as a result of metastasis. The disease predominantly spreads to bone marrow, with a survival rate of ~40%. The current study demonstrates that microRNA (miR)-506 directly targets and downregulates Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β non-canonical pathways. It may be concluded that ROCK1 contributes to the invasion and migration of neuroblastoma cells by directly downregulating miR-506; thus, leading to the upregulation of ROCK1, which promotes cell invasion and migration. The present results provide a novel understanding of how miR-506 directly regulates TGF-β non-canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianguo Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Jinan Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jialong Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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36
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Halasz M, Schwarzl T, Fey D, Iljin K, Mehta JP, Killick K, Whilde J, Turriziani B, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Integrative omics reveals MYCN as a global suppressor of cellular signalling and enables network-based therapeutic target discovery in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43182-201. [PMID: 26673823 PMCID: PMC4791225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive study, many mysteries remain about the MYCN oncogene's functions. Here we focus on MYCN's role in neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial childhood cancer. MYCN gene amplification occurs in 20% of cases, but other recurrent somatic mutations are rare. This scarcity of tractable targets has hampered efforts to develop new therapeutic options. We employed a multi-level omics approach to examine MYCN functioning and identify novel therapeutic targets for this largely un-druggable oncogene. We used systems medicine based computational network reconstruction and analysis to integrate a range of omic techniques: sequencing-based transcriptomics, genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation, siRNA screening and interaction proteomics, revealing that MYCN controls highly connected networks, with MYCN primarily supressing the activity of network components. MYCN's oncogenic functions are likely independent of its classical heterodimerisation partner, MAX. In particular, MYCN controls its own protein interaction network by transcriptionally regulating its binding partners. Our network-based approach identified vulnerable therapeutically targetable nodes that function as critical regulators or effectors of MYCN in neuroblastoma. These were validated by siRNA knockdown screens, functional studies and patient data. We identified β-estradiol and MAPK/ERK as having functional cross-talk with MYCN and being novel targetable vulnerabilities of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. These results reveal surprising differences between the functioning of endogenous, overexpressed and amplified MYCN, and rationalise how different MYCN dosages can orchestrate cell fate decisions and cancerous outcomes. Importantly, this work describes a systems-level approach to systematically uncovering network based vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets for multifactorial diseases by integrating disparate omic data types.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jai Prakash Mehta
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Killick
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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37
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Li M, Li H, Liu X, Xu D, Wang F. MicroRNA-29b regulates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting AKT2. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:115-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is associated with the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, including multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein. MRP1 plays an active role in protecting cells by its ability to efflux a vast array of drugs to sub-lethal levels. There has been much effort in elucidating the mechanisms of action, structure and substrates and substrate binding sites of MRP1 in the last decade. In this review, we detail our current understanding of MRP1, its clinical relevance and highlight the current environment in the search for MRP1 inhibitors. We also look at the capacity for the rapid intercellular transfer of MRP1 phenotype from spontaneously shed membrane vesicles known as microparticles and discuss the clinical and therapeutic significance of this in the context of cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Lu
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Deep Pokharel
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
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39
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Schwarzl T, Higgins DG, Kolch W, Duffy DJ. Measuring Transcription Rate Changes via Time-Course 4-Thiouridine Pulse-Labelling Improves Transcriptional Target Identification. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3368-74. [PMID: 26362006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying changes in the transcriptional regulation of target genes from high-throughput studies is important for unravelling molecular mechanisms controlled by a given perturbation. When measuring global transcript levels only, the effect of the perturbation [e.g., transcription factor (TF) overexpression or drug treatment] on its target genes is often obscured by delayed feedback and secondary effects until the changes are fully propagated. As a proof of principle, we show that selective measuring of transcripts that are only synthesised after a perturbation [4-thiouridine (4sU) sequencing (4sU-seq)] is a more sensitive method to identify targets and time-dependent transcriptional responses than global transcript profiling. By metabolically labelling RNA in a time-course setup, we could vastly increase the sensitivity of MYCN target gene detection compared to traditional RNA sequencing. The validity of targets identified by 4sU-seq was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and neuroblastoma microarray tumour data. Here, we describe the methodology, both molecular biology and computational aspects, required to successfully apply this 4sU-seq approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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40
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Gaspar N, Hawkins DS, Dirksen U, Lewis IJ, Ferrari S, Le Deley MC, Kovar H, Grimer R, Whelan J, Claude L, Delattre O, Paulussen M, Picci P, Sundby Hall K, van den Berg H, Ladenstein R, Michon J, Hjorth L, Judson I, Luksch R, Bernstein ML, Marec-Bérard P, Brennan B, Craft AW, Womer RB, Juergens H, Oberlin O. Ewing Sarcoma: Current Management and Future Approaches Through Collaboration. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3036-46. [PMID: 26304893 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive sarcoma of bone and soft tissue occurring at any age with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults. The treatment of ES relies on a multidisciplinary approach, coupling risk-adapted intensive neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies with surgery and/or radiotherapy for control of the primary site and possible metastatic disease. The optimization of ES multimodality therapeutic strategies has resulted from the efforts of several national and international groups in Europe and North America and from cooperation between pediatric and medical oncologists. Successive first-line trials addressed the efficacy of various cyclic combinations of drugs incorporating doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, and dactinomycin and identified prognostic factors now used to tailor therapies. The role of high-dose chemotherapy is still debated. Current 5-year overall survival for patients with localized disease is 65% to 75%. Patients with metastases have a 5-year overall survival < 30%, except for those with isolated pulmonary metastasis (approximately 50%). Patients with recurrence have a dismal prognosis. The many insights into the biology of the EWS-FLI1 protein in the initiation and progression of ES remain to be translated into novel therapeutic strategies. Current options and future approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ian J Lewis
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Marie-Cecile Le Deley
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Robert Grimer
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Jeremy Whelan
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Line Claude
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Piero Picci
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Kirsten Sundby Hall
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Hendrik van den Berg
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Jean Michon
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Ian Judson
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Roberto Luksch
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Mark L Bernstein
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Perrine Marec-Bérard
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Bernadette Brennan
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Alan W Craft
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Richard B Womer
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Heribert Juergens
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
| | - Odile Oberlin
- Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, and Odile Oberlin, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Nathalie Gaspar, Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Line Claude, Olivier Delattre, Jean Michon, Perrine Marec-Bérard, and Odile Oberlin, Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent; Marie-Cecile Le Deley, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Line Claude and Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon; Olivier Delattre and Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Douglas S. Hawkins, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Douglas S. Hawkins, Mark L. Bernstein, and Richard B. Womer, Children's Oncology Group; Uta Dirksen and Heribert Juergens, University Hospital Münster, Münster; Uta Dirksen, Michael Paulussen, and Heribert Juergens, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie; Michael Paulussen, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany; Ian J. Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Ian J. Lewis, Robert Grimer, Bernadette Brennan, and Alan W. Craft, Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group; Robert Grimer, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Alan W. Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Stefano Ferrari and Piero Picci, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna; Stefano Ferrari, Piero Picci, Roberto Luksch, Italian Sarcoma Group; Roberto Luksch, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Children's Cancer Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Wien; Heinrich Kovar and Ruth Ladenstein, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ambulant Tätiger Pädiatrischer Onkologen und Hämatologen, Vienna, Austria; Jeremy Whelan and Ian Judson, European O
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Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Bruchelt G, Handgretinger R, Holzer U. Nifurtimox reduces N-Myc expression and aerobic glycolysis in neuroblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1353-63. [PMID: 26177922 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in childhood and usually accompanied with poor prognosis and rapid tumor progression when diagnosed with amplification of the proto-oncogene N-Myc. The amplification of N-Myc has major influence on the maintenance of aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. This specific switch in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate instead of the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A even in the presence of oxygen has important benefits for the tumor, e.g. increased production of enzymes and enzyme substrates that are involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. The antiprotozoal drug nifurtimox, which is generally used for the treatment of infections with the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, has been reported to have cytotoxic properties in the therapy of neuroblastoma. However, its action of mechanism has not been described in detail yet. The presented in vitro study on the neuroblastoma cell lines LA-N-1, IMR-32, LS and SK-N-SH shows an increased production of oxidative stress, a reduced lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and reduced lactate production after nifurtimox treatment. Furthermore, nifurtimox leads to reduced mRNA and protein levels of the proto-oncogene protein N-Myc. Thus, the current work gives new insights into the effect of nifurtimox on tumor metabolism revealing a shifted glucose metabolism from production of lactate to oxidative phosphorylation and a reduced expression of the major molecular prognostic factor in neuroblastoma N-Myc, presenting nifurtimox as a possible adjuvant therapeutic agent against (high risk) neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Melanie Cabanillas Stanchi
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Gernot Bruchelt
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Ursula Holzer
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
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Satheesh NJ, Büsselberg D. The role of intracellular calcium for the development and treatment of neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:823-48. [PMID: 26010602 PMCID: PMC4491686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common paediatric cancer. It developsfrom undifferentiated simpatico-adrenal lineage cells and is mostly sporadic; however, theaetiology behind the development of neuroblastoma is still not fully understood. Intracellularcalcium ([Ca2+]i) is a secondary messenger which regulates numerous cellular processesand, therefore, its concentration is tightly regulated. This review focuses on the role of[Ca2+]i in differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation in neuroblastoma. It describes themechanisms by which [Ca2+]i is regulated and how it modulates intracellular pathways.Furthermore, the importance of [Ca2+]i for the function of anti-cancer drugs is illuminatedin this review as [Ca2+]i could be a target to improve the outcome of anti-cancer treatmentin neuroblastoma. Overall, modulations of [Ca2+]i could be a key target to induce apoptosisin cancer cells leading to a more efficient and effective treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noothan Jyothi Satheesh
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI. MicroRNAs in pediatric central nervous system embryonal neoplasms: the known unknown. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:6. [PMID: 25652781 PMCID: PMC4333163 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that repress post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, while embryonal central nervous system tumors are the foremost cause of mortality in children suffering from a neoplasm. MiRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms are new to understand, while pediatric CNS tumors are difficult to comprehend. Therefore, identification of the link between them composes a major scientific challenge. The present study, reviewed the current knowledge on the role of miRNA in pediatric CNS embryonal tumors, attempting to collect the existing information in one piece of work that could ideally be used as a guide for future reference and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braoudaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece. .,University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Childhood Genetic and Malignant Diseases, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Schwarzl T, Higgins DG, Kolch W. GSK3 inhibitors regulate MYCN mRNA levels and reduce neuroblastoma cell viability through multiple mechanisms, including p53 and Wnt signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:454-67. [PMID: 24282277 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0560-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor accounting for approximately 15% of childhood cancer deaths. There exists a clinical need to identify novel therapeutic targets, particularly for treatment-resistant forms of neuroblastoma. Therefore, we investigated the role of the neuronal master regulator GSK3 in controlling neuroblastoma cell fate. We identified novel GSK3-mediated regulation of MYC (c-MYC and MYCN) mRNA levels, which may have implications for numerous MYC-driven cancers. In addition, we showed that certain GSK3 inhibitors induced large-scale cell death in neuroblastoma cells, primarily through activating apoptosis. mRNA-seq of GSK3 inhibitor-treated cells was performed and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways contributed to the loss of neuroblastoma cell viability. The contribution of two of the signaling pathways highlighted by the mRNA-seq analysis was functionally validated. Inhibition of the p53 tumor suppressor partly rescued the cell death phenotype, whereas activation of canonical Wnt signaling contributed to the loss of viability, in a p53-independent manner. Two GSK3 inhibitors (BIO-acetoxime and LiCl) and one small-molecule Wnt agonist (Wnt Agonist 1) demonstrated therapeutic potential for neuroblastoma treatment. These inhibitors reduced the viability of numerous neuroblastoma cell lines, even those derived from high-risk MYCN-amplified metastatic tumors, for which effective therapeutics are currently lacking. Furthermore, although LiCl was lethal to neuroblastoma cells, it did not reduce the viability of differentiated neurons. Taken together our data suggest that these small molecules may hold potential as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of neuroblastoma and other MYC-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Corresponding Author: David J. Duffy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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