Injury by knife crime amongst children is associated with socioeconomic deprivation: an observational study

Economic Inequality, Life Expectancy, and Interpersonal Violence in London Neighborhoods

Positive associations between levels of socioeconomic inequality and homicide rates have been reported at various geographical levels (e.g., between countries, states, cities, and neighborhoods within a city). However, the extent to which inequality predicts levels of non-lethal violence has been less frequently studied. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic inequality and levels of non-lethal interpersonal violence across neighborhoods of London during the period 2010 to 2012, using two independent data sources: Metropolitan Police service recorded violent crime and London Ambulance Service recorded assaults. Mean income per person and local life expectancy were included as additional predictors. Following exclusions due to census boundary changes, across 533 London wards, there were positive bivariate associations between both violence measures and a measure of inequality between neighborhoods (census lower layer super output areas [LSOAs]) within a ward. Moreover, there were negative bivariate associations between violence rates and both ward mean income and life expectancy measures for males and females. However, in a regression analysis only inequality and male life expectancy were consistent predictors of rates of interpersonal violence across outcome measures. The results of the present study provide further evidence of an association between levels of economic inequality and rates of interpersonal violence. The findings, for variation in rates of non-lethal violence across small geographical areas (neighborhoods), build on previous research that has mostly focused on rates of lethal violence and has tended to use aggregate measures across larger geographical areas.

Epidemiology of adult hand injuries presenting to a tertiary hand surgery unit: a review of 4216 cases

This study investigates the pattern of hand injuries presenting to a UK regional tertiary centre. All referrals to our Hand Surgery Unit in 2019 were reviewed. Subgroup analyses of sex, deprivation, occupational injuries and assault cases were carried out. Over the study period, 4216 cases were referred. Most were male (70%), with a median age of 36 years and from a deprived area (75.2%). Soft tissue injury was documented in 53.6% and bone injury (fracture/dislocation) in 52.4%. Surgical management was required in 2214 (52.5%) cases. Work-related injuries accounted for 16.7% of cases and were more likely to require surgery. Assault-related injuries accounted for 8% of cases, with a male preponderance. Our findings can help facilitate service provision and guide regional and national prevention policies.Level of evidence: III.

Injuries among children attributed to violence and social funding: a 10-year observational study

BACKGROUND

Mechanisms and patterns of injury in children are changing, with violent mechanisms becoming more prevalent over time. Government funding of services for children and young people has reduced nationally over the last decade. We aimed to investigate the trends in admissions of injured children to a Major Trauma Centre (MTC) and examine the relationship between injuries sustained by violent mechanisms and local authority funding of children and youth services within the same catchment area.

METHODS

A 10-year observational study included all patients aged<18 years treated at a regional MTC between April 2012 and April 2022. Number of admissions with violent trauma, mechanism of injury, requirement for operative intervention and mortality were compared with published annual local authority expenditure reports.

RESULTS

1126 children were included; 71.3% were boys, with median age 11 years (IQR 3-16). There were 154/1126 (14%) children who were victims of violent trauma; they were more likely to be boys than children injured by non-violent mechanisms (84% vs 69%). The proportion of injuries attributed to violence increased over the study period at the same time as reductions in local authority funding of services for the early years, families and youth services. However, there were insufficient data to formally assess the interdependency between these factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The proportion of injuries attributed to violence has increased over time, and government spending on specific children and young people's services has decreased over the same time period. Further work is needed to examine the interdependency between spending and violent injuries in children, and public health interventions to target violence-related injuries should take into account youth service funding.