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Mashinson V, Webster TM, Vadukoot AK, Tolentino KT, Simeon P, Fatima I, Dhawan P, Hopkins CR. Discovery, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-2-napthamides as inhibitors of Claudin-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117416. [PMID: 37541070 PMCID: PMC10530161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite advancements in diagnosis. The main reason for this is that many newly diagnosed CRC patients will suffer from metastasis to other organs. Thus, the development of new therapies is of critical importance. Claudin-1 protein is a component of tight junctions in epithelial cells, including those found in the lining of the colon. It plays a critical role in the formation and maintenance of tight junctions, which are essential for regulating the passage of molecules between cells. In CRC, claudin-1 is often overexpressed, leading to an increase in cell adhesion, which can contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Studies show that high levels of claudin-1 are associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients and targeting claudin-1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of CRC. Previously, we have identified a small molecule that inhibits claudin-1 dependent CRC progression. Reported herein are our lead optimization efforts around this scaffold to identify the key SAR components and the discovery of a key new compound that exhibits enhanced potency in SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Mashinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Thomas M Webster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Anish K Vadukoot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Kirsten T Tolentino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Princess Simeon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA.
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Fatima I, Uppada JP, Chhonker YS, Gowrikumar S, Barman S, Roy S, Tolentino KT, Palermo N, Natarajan A, Beauchamp DR, Vecchio A, Murry DJ, Singh AB, Hopkins CR, Dhawan P. Identification and characterization of a first-generation inhibitor of claudin-1 in colon cancer progression and metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114255. [PMID: 36696800 PMCID: PMC10824272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of the cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, developing novel and targeted therapies for inhibiting CRC progression and metastasis is urgent. Several studies, including ours, have reported a causal role for an upregulated claudin-1 expression in promoting CRC metastasis through the activation of the Src and β-catenin-signaling. In murine models of colon tumorigenesis, claudin-1 overexpression promotes oncogenic properties such as transformation and invasiveness. Conversely, the downregulation of claudin-1 inhibits colon tumorigenesis. Despite being a desirable target for cancer treatment, there are currently no known claudin-1 inhibitors with antitumor efficacy. Using a rigorous analytical design and implementing in- vitro and in-vivo testing and a brief medicinal chemistry campaign, we identified a claudin-1-specific inhibitor and named it I-6. Despite its high potency, I-6 was rapidly cleared in human liver microsomes. We, therefore, synthesized I-6 analogs and discovered a novel small molecule, PDS-0330. We determined that PDS0330 inhibits claudin-1-dependent CRC progression without exhibiting toxicity in in-vitro and in-vivo models of CRC and that it binds directly and specifically to claudin-1 with micromolar affinity. Further analyses revealed that PDS-0330 exhibits antitumor and chemosensitizer activities with favorable pharmacokinetic properties by inhibiting the association with metastatic oncogene Src. Overall, our data propose that PDS-0330 interferes with claudin-1/Src association to inhibit CRC progression and metastasis. Our findings are of direct clinical relevance and may open new therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer treatment and/or management by targeting claudin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Uppada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Kirsten T Tolentino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas Palermo
- Computational Chemistry Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel R Beauchamp
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Vecchio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wang G, Wang F, Meng Z, Wang N, Zhou C, Zhang J, Zhao L, Wang G, Shan B. Uncovering potential genes in colorectal cancer based on integrated and DNA methylation analysis in the gene expression omnibus database. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:138. [PMID: 35114976 PMCID: PMC8815138 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is major cancer-related death. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes, contributing to explore the molecular mechanism of CRC. Methods Firstly, the data of gene transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylation expression were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Secondly, functional analysis of differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Thirdly, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and in vitro experiment was used to validate the expression of selected differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes. Finally, diagnosis and prognosis analysis of selected differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes was performed. Results Up to 1958 differentially expressed (1025 up-regulated and 993 down-regulated) genes and 858 differentially methylated (800 hypermethylated and 58 hypomethylated) genes were identified. Interestingly, some genes, such as GFRA2 and MDFI, were differentially expressed-methylated genes. Purine metabolism (involved IMPDH1), cell adhesion molecules and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were significantly enriched signaling pathways. GFRA2, FOXQ1, CDH3, CLDN1, SCGN, BEST4, CXCL12, CA7, SHMT2, TRIP13, MDFI and IMPDH1 had a diagnostic value for CRC. In addition, BEST4, SHMT2 and TRIP13 were significantly associated with patients’ survival. Conclusions The identified altered genes may be involved in tumorigenesis of CRC. In addition, BEST4, SHMT2 and TRIP13 may be considered as diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers for CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09185-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zesong Meng
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Tumor, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoxi Zhou
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050010, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050010, Hebei Province, China.
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Panwar S, Sharma S, Tripathi P. Role of Barrier Integrity and Dysfunctions in Maintaining the Healthy Gut and Their Health Outcomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715611. [PMID: 34630140 PMCID: PMC8497706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surface layers are the critical borders throughout epithelial membranes. These epithelial cells segregate luminal material from external environments. However, mucosal linings are also accountable for absorbing nutrients and requiring specific barrier permeability. These functional acts positioned the mucosal epithelium at the epicenter of communications concerning the mucosal immune coordination and foreign materials, such as dietary antigens and microbial metabolites. Current innovations have revealed that external stimuli can trigger several mechanisms regulated by intestinal mucosal barrier system. Crucial constituents of this epithelial boundary are physical intercellular structures known as tight junctions (TJs). TJs are composed of different types transmembrane proteins linked with cytoplasmic adaptors which helps in attachment to the adjacent cells. Disruption of this barrier has direct influence on healthy or diseased condition, as barrier dysfunctions have been interrelated with the initiation of inflammation, and pathogenic effects following metabolic complications. In this review we focus and overview the TJs structure, function and the diseases which are able to influence TJs during onset of disease. We also highlighted and discuss the role of phytochemicals evidenced to enhance the membrane permeability and integrity through restoring TJs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Panwar
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Effects of Heat-Killed Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Homeostasis-Related Genes and the Skin Microbiome among Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102029. [PMID: 34683350 PMCID: PMC8539941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain plasma (LC-plasma) is a bacterial strain that activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and induces viral resistance genes via the TLR9/MyD88 pathway. We recently showed that oral administration of LC-plasma prevents skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus, possibly by activating skin immunity. In this study, we conducted a double-blind clinical trial to investigate the effect of oral administration of heat-killed LC-plasma on the skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and the skin condition of healthy volunteers. Seventy healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either heat-killed LC-plasma or a placebo for eight weeks. Analysis of the skin microbiome by next-generation sequencing suggested that the alpha-diversity of the skin microbiome did not change during the test period in either group. However, the proportion of species that changed significantly during the test period was 10-fold smaller in the LC-plasma group than in the placebo group, suggesting that LC-plasma may maintain the skin microbiome. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that tight-junction genes, such as CLDN1 and CLDN12, and the antimicrobial peptide gene BD3 were significantly up-regulated in the LC-plasma group but not in the placebo group. Our results suggest that administration of LC-plasma helps to maintain the skin microbiome and that it affects homeostasis-related genes.
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Battagin AS, Bertuzzo CS, Carvalho PO, Ortega MM, Marson FAL. Single nucleotide variants c.-13G → C (rs17429833) and c.108C → T (rs72466472) in the CLDN1 gene and increased risk for familial colorectal cancer. Gene 2020; 768:145304. [PMID: 33186612 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Claudin-1 (CLDN1) protein plays an important role in the function of the tight junction and studies have shown it is aberrantly downregulated in many tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between four SNVs in the CLDN1 gene [c.-13G → C (rs17429833), c.108C → T (rs72466472), c.369T → C (rs9869263), and c.370G → A (rs140846629)] and the risk of familial colorectal cancer (FCC). METHODS A case-control study was conducted with peripheral blood DNAs from 50 patients with CRC that belong to FCC families and 96 healthy control individuals. The analysis of genetic variants was performed by PCR and restriction enzymatic digestion. RESULTS The patients and control groups presented in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all evaluated SNVs. No significant differences occurred in wild-type homozygous, heterozygous and variant homozygous genotypes, separately or together, in patient and control groups for the SNVs rs72466472, rs9869263, and rs140846629. However, for the SNV rs17429833, increased frequency of GC genotype occurred in patients compared to healthy individuals (58.30% vs. 41.70%), with an OR = 3.28 (95%CI = 1.22 to 9.09) for CRC. In the patients' group, individuals harboring combined genotypes rs17429833 (GC) and rs72466472 (CC) (26% vs. 8.42%) showed an OR = 3.78 (95%CI = 1.33 to 11.48). Moreover, patients harboring GC genotype for SNV rs17429833 presented significantly association with well differentiated adenocarcinoma when compared to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma [60% vs. 22.58%, OR = 6.3 (95%CI = 1.15 to 39.76)]. CONCLUSIONS The GC genotype for the SNV rs17429833 or combined genotypes for SNVs rs17429833 (GC) and rs72466472 (CC) seems to be risk factors for patients with FCC in Brazilian patients; however, a larger number of patients needs to be evaluated to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Silva Battagin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Heart Failure Disturbs Gut-Blood Barrier and Increases Plasma Trimethylamine, a Toxic Bacterial Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176161. [PMID: 32859047 PMCID: PMC7504565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is a gut bacteria product oxidized by the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Clinical evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease is associated with increased plasma TMAO. However, little headway has been made in understanding this relationship on a mechanistic and molecular level. We investigated the mechanisms affecting plasma levels of TMAO in Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) rats. Healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and SHHF rats underwent metabolic, hemodynamic, histopathological and biochemical measurements, including tight junction proteins analysis. Stool, plasma and urine samples were evaluated for TMA and TMAO using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SHHF presented disturbances of the gut–blood barrier including reduced intestinal blood flow, decreased thickness of the colonic mucosa and alterations in tight junctions, such as claudin 1 and 3, and zonula occludens-1. This was associated with significantly higher plasma levels of TMA and TMAO and increased gut-to-blood penetration of TMA in SHHF compared to WKY. There was no difference in kidney function or liver oxidation of TMA to TMAO between WKY and SHHF. In conclusion, increased plasma TMAO in heart failure rats results from a perturbed gut–blood barrier and increased gut-to-blood passage of TMAO precursor, i.e., TMA. Increased gut-to-blood penetration of bacterial metabolites may be a marker and a mediator of cardiovascular pathology.
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Uc PY, Miranda J, Raya-Sandino A, Alarcón L, Roldán ML, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Cortés-Malagón EM, Chávez-Munguía B, Ramírez G, Asomoza R, Shoshani L, Gariglio P, González-Mariscal L. E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus 16 alters claudins expression and the sealing of epithelial tight junctions. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:905-924. [PMID: 32945372 PMCID: PMC7473757 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are cell-cell adhesion structures frequently altered by oncogenic transformation. In the present study the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 oncoprotein on the sealing of TJs was investigated and also the expression level of claudins in mouse cervix and in epithelial Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. It was found that there was reduced expression of claudins -1 and -10 in the cervix of 7-month-old transgenic K14E7 mice treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), with invasive cancer. In addition, there was also a transient increase in claudin-1 expression in the cervix of 2-month-old K14E7 mice, and claudin-10 accumulated at the border of cells in the upper layer of the cervix in FvB mice treated with E2, and in K14E7 mice treated with or without E2. These changes were accompanied by an augmented paracellular permeability of the cervix in 2- and 7-monthold FvB mice treated with E2, which became more pronounced in K14E7 mice treated with or without E2. In MDCK cells the stable expression of E7 increased the space between adjacent cells and altered the architecture of the monolayers, induced the development of an acute peak of transepithelial electrical resistance accompanied by a reduced expression of claudins -1, -2 and -10, and an increase in claudin-4. Moreover, E7 enhances the ability of MDCK cells to migrate through a 3D matrix and induces cell stiffening and stress fiber formation. These observations revealed that cell transformation induced by HPV16 E7 oncoprotein was accompanied by changes in the pattern of expression of claudins and the degree of sealing of epithelial TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Yaceli Uc
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alarcón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Roldán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
- Research Unit on Genetics and Cancer, Research Division, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Georgina Ramírez
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - René Asomoza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Liora Shoshani
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Bhat AA, Syed N, Therachiyil L, Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Muralitharan S, Al-Naemi H, Bagga P, Reddy R, Dhawan P, Akobeng A, Uddin S, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Haris M. Claudin-1, A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020569. [PMID: 31952355 PMCID: PMC7013445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, a group of membrane proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions, are mainly found in endothelial or epithelial cells. These proteins have attracted much attention in recent years and have been implicated and studied in a multitude of diseases. Claudins not only regulate paracellular transepithelial/transendothelial transport but are also critical for cell growth and differentiation. Not only tissue-specific but the differential expression in malignant tumors is also the focus of claudin-related research. In addition to up- or down-regulation, claudin proteins also undergo delocalization, which plays a vital role in tumor invasion and aggressiveness. Claudin (CLDN)-1 is the most-studied claudin in cancers and to date, its role as either a tumor promoter or suppressor (or both) is not established. In some cancers, lower expression of CLDN-1 is shown to be associated with cancer progression and invasion, while in others, loss of CLDN-1 improves the patient survival. Another topic of discussion regarding the significance of CLDN-1 is its localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic vs perijunctional) in diseased states. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLDN-1 in cancers either as a tumor promoter or suppressor from the literature and we also review the literature regarding the pattern of CLDN-1 distribution in different cancers, focusing on whether this localization is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, we utilized expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the association between CLDN-1 expression and overall survival (OS) in different cancer types. We also used TCGA data to compare CLDN-1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, a pathway interaction analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of CLDN-1 with other proteins and as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Anthony Akobeng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7407
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Potential Determinants of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-019-00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Sun X, Cui S, Fu X, Liu C, Wang Z, Liu Y. MicroRNA-146-5p promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in lung cancer cells by targeting claudin-12. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:89-99. [PMID: 31006666 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as important regulators in different pathological processes of cells. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is frequently associated with cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis in various cancers. This study aimed to explore the effect of miR-146-5p on cell growth, metastasis and its mechanism in lung cancer cells. The expressions of miR-146-5p and claudin-12 in A549 and WI-38 cells were altered by transient transfection. Cisplatin was used to develop cells for regulation of cisplatin sensitivity. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. The protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathway-related factors were detected. miR-146-5p suppression inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in A549 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-146-5p reduced the sensitivity of A549 cells and WI-38 cells to cisplatin. In addition, claudin-12 was a direct target of miR-146-5p and was negatively regulated by miR-146-5p. Claudin-12 silence significantly reversed miR-146-5p suppression-mediated anti-tumor effects in A549 cells. Furthermore, miR-146-5p overexpression activated Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/MAPK signal pathways via down-regulation of claudin-12. The results indicated that miR-146-5p promoted cell viability, migration and invasion, inhibited apoptosis and activated Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/MAPK signal pathways by regulating claudin-12 expression in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Sun
- Department of Outpatient (Tumor), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (West Coast Branch), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (West Coast Branch), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (West Coast Branch), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New District No.2 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Shinan Branch), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Department of Cancer Comprehensive Therapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (West Coast Branch), Qingdao, Shandong, China
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12
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Zhu L, Han J, Li L, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang S. Claudin Family Participates in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1441. [PMID: 31316506 PMCID: PMC6610251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a multigene transmembrane protein family comprising at least 27 members. In gastrointestinal tract, claudins are mainly located in the intestinal epithelia; many types of claudins form a network of strands in tight junction plaques within the intercellular space of neighboring epithelial cells and build paracellular selective channels, while others act as signaling proteins and mediates cell behaviors. Claudin dysfunction may contribute to epithelial permeation disorder and multiple intestinal diseases. Over recent years, the importance of claudins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has gained focus and is being investigated. This review analyzes the expression pattern and regulatory mechanism of claudins based on existing evidence and elucidates the fact that claudin dysregulation correlates with increased intestinal permeability, sustained activation of inflammation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor progression in IBD as well as consequent colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), possibly shedding new light on further etiologic research and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Feng Y, Li Y, Li L, Wang X, Chen Z. Identification of specific modules and significant genes associated with colon cancer by weighted gene co‑expression network analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:693-700. [PMID: 31180534 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and is a leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying colon cancer and identify potentially significant genes associated with the disease using weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA). The test datasets used were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. WGCNA was applied to analyze microarray data obtained from colon adenocarcinoma samples to identify significant modules and highly associated genes. A gene co‑expression network was constructed and different gene modules were selected. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of colon cancer. In addition, highly connected hub genes associated with the most significant module were selected for further analysis. Nine specific modules associated with colon cancer were identified, of which the turquoise module was observed to exhibit the greatest association with the disease. Pathway enrichment analysis of the turquoise module suggested that genes in the turquoise module were associated with 'RNA polymerase' and 'purine metabolism'. Furthermore, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the top 30 hub genes with a higher degree in the turquoise module, such as σ‑non‑opioid intracellular receptor 1, transmembrane protein 147 TMEM147) and carbamoyl‑phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, were predominantly enriched in the biological processes 'translation' and 'gene expression'. Experimental verification demonstrated that the expression of TMEM147 in colon cancer was significantly increased compared with the control. Therefore, the results suggested that genes associated with RNA polymerase and the purine metabolic pathways may be substantially involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Furthermore, TMEM147 may represent a biomarker for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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14
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Cheng B, Rong A, Zhou Q, Li W. CLDN8 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating MAPK/ERK signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3741-3751. [PMID: 31118793 PMCID: PMC6498432 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Claudin 8 (CLDN8), an integral membrane protein that constitutes tight junctions in cell membranes, was recently implicated in tumor progression. However, its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis remain unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the effect of CLDN8 on the progression of CRC, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and determines its underlying molecular mechanism using in vitro CRC cell lines and in vivo mouse xenograft models. Results We found that CLDN8 expression in human CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The knockdown of CLDN8 markedly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 and HT-29 CRC cells, whereas the overexpression of CLDN8 notably promoted tumor progression in SW480 and HT-29 CRC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that CLDN8 upregulated p-ERK (p-PKB/AKT) and MMP9 in CRC cells. Notably, the MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98095 dramatically attenuated the effects of CLDN8 on p-ERK and MMP9. Moreover, PD98095 remarkably blocked the tumor-promoting activity of CLDN8. The knockdown of CLDN8 also inhibited the in vivo tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Collectively, CLDN8 promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, at least in part, by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings suggest that CLDN8 exhibits an oncogenic effect in human CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Aimei Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Wenlu Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China,
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15
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Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:547-561. [PMID: 30297438 PMCID: PMC6453741 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades a growing body of evidence has demonstrated an important role of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the physiology and disease biology of GI and liver disease. On one side, TJ proteins exert their functional role as integral proteins of TJs in forming barriers in the gut and the liver. Furthermore, TJ proteins can also be expressed outside TJs where they play important functional roles in signalling, trafficking and regulation of gene expression. A hallmark of TJ proteins in disease biology is their functional role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A causative role of TJ proteins has been established in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Among the best characterised roles of TJ proteins in liver disease biology is their function as cell entry receptors for HCV-one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time TJ proteins are emerging as targets for novel therapeutic approaches for GI and liver disease. Here we review our current knowledge of the role of TJ proteins in the pathogenesis of GI and liver disease biology and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Phytic acid improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage and reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colorectal cancer model. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:121-130. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhytic acid (PA) has been demonstrated to have a potent anticarcinogenic activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). Defects of the intestinal mucosal barrier and inflammation processes are involved in the development and progression of CRC. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PA on the intestinal mucosal barrier and proinflammatory cytokines. After a 1-week acclimatisation period, sixty Wistar male rats were divided into the following five groups, with twelve rats per group: the control group (CG), model group (MG), low-PA-dose group (0·25 g/kg per d), middle-PA-dose group (0·5 g/kg per d), and high-PA-dose group (1 g/kg per d). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight was injected weekly to induce CRC for 18 weeks. We examined the expression of genes related to the intestinal mucosal barrier in the model. The results demonstrated that tumour incidence was decreased following PA treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and E-cadherin in the MG were significantly lower than those in the CG (P<0·05). The mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 in the MG were significantly higher than those in the CG (P<0·05). PA elevated the mRNA and protein expression of MUC2, TFF3 and E-cadherin, and diminished the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1. Furthermore, PA decreased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which included TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In conclusion, this study suggests that PA has favourable effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier and may reduce serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.
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18
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Bekusova VV, Falchuk EL, Okorokova LS, Kruglova NM, Nozdrachev AD, Markov AG. Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:251-259. [PMID: 30197792 PMCID: PMC6121046 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy. Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however, the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function. Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Bekusova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Evgeny L Falchuk
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Larisa S Okorokova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kruglova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Alexander D Nozdrachev
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia.,I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
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19
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Tokuhara Y, Morinishi T, Matsunaga T, Sakai M, Sakai T, Ohsaki H, Kadota K, Kushida Y, Haba R, Hirakawa E. Nuclear expression of claudin-3 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:99-108. [PMID: 29285188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are members of a large family of transmembrane proteins, which are essential for the formation of tight junctions and have a significant effect on the biological behavior of tumor progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that several claudins show aberrant expression patterns in numerous types of cancer. The present study investigated the expression and localization of claudin-3 and claudin-7 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. The protein expression levels of claudin-3 and claudin-7 were determined using immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Claudin-3, but not claudin-7, exhibited nuclear localization in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and SW620 cell lines. Surgically resected colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained, and the associations between the expression of claudin-3 or claudin-7 and various clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The membranous expression rates of claudin-3 and claudin-7 were 58.0 and 50.0%, while their nuclear expression rates were 22.0 and 2.0%, respectively. The membranous expression of claudin-3 and claudin-7 was not associated with any clinicopathological factors, whereas the nuclear expression of claudin-3 was associated with histological type and was significantly increased in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas compared with that in well- to moderately-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas (P<0.01). However, no associations were observed between the nuclear expression of claudin-7 and any clinicopathological parameter. In conclusion, the nuclear expression of claudin-3 in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma may be involved in the biological transformation of tumors. The results from the present study indicated that claudin-3 is an important protein associated with histological type and has potential as a prognostic marker. Although the mechanisms underlying the nuclear localization of claudin-3 in tumorigenesis have not yet been elucidated in detail, the present results indicated the potential of claudin-3 as a histopathological biomarker for colorectal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Tokuhara
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Ehime 791-2101, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morinishi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Toru Matsunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kushida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Reiji Haba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
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20
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Xing T, Camacho Salazar R, Chen YH. Animal models for studying epithelial barriers in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1356901. [PMID: 28795875 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1356901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells line the luminal surface of the entire gastrointestinal tract which is crucial for the absorption of nutrients and prevention of pathogens entering from the external environment. The epithelial barrier plays an important role in organ development, disease pathogenesis, and aging. The major component of an epithelial barrier is the single columnar epithelium and tight junctions. Tight junctions are located at the most apical region of the junctional complex and contain many integral membrane proteins, such as occludin, the claudin family, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). The disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers may lead to several pathophysiological conditions causing malabsorption of nutrition and chronic inflammation. In this review, we provide an update on the alterations of epithelial barriers associated with gut diseases using experimental animal models; we appraise the role of tight junctions in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer; we also compare some common features as well as differences and similarities in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation in neonatal (NEC) and adult (IBD) gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaosi Xing
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Rolando Camacho Salazar
- b Department of Pediatrics , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
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21
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Cherradi S, Ayrolles-Torro A, Vezzo-Vié N, Gueguinou N, Denis V, Combes E, Boissière F, Busson M, Canterel-Thouennon L, Mollevi C, Pugnière M, Bibeau F, Ychou M, Martineau P, Gongora C, Del Rio M. Antibody targeting of claudin-1 as a potential colorectal cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017; 36:89. [PMID: 28659146 PMCID: PMC5490170 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Despite the substantial progress in mCRC management, it remains important to identify new therapeutic options and biological markers for personalized medicine. Here, we investigated the expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1), a major tight junction transmembrane protein, in the different colorectal cancer (CRC) molecular subtypes and then assessed the anti-tumor effect of a new anti-CLDN1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). METHODS Gene expression profiling and immunochemistry analysis of normal and tumor tissue samples from patients with stage IV CRC were used to determine CLDN1 gene expression. Then, the 6F6 mAb against CLDN1 extracellular part was generated. Its effect on CRC cell cycle, proliferation, survival and migration was assessed in vitro, using a 3D cell culture system, flow cytometry, clonogenic and migration assays. In vivo, 6 F6 mAb efficacy was evaluated in nude mice after subcutaneous xenografts or intrasplenic injection of CRC cells. RESULTS Compared with normal mucosa where it was almost exclusively cytoplasmic, in CRC samples CLDN1 was overexpressed (p < 0.001) and mainly localized at the membrane. Moreover, it was differentially expressed in the various CRC molecular subtypes. The strongest expressions were found in the consensus molecular subtype CMS2 (p < 0.001), the transit-ampliflying (p < 0.001) and the C5 subtypes (p < 0.001). Lower CLDN1 expression predicted a better outcome in the molecular subtypes C3 and C5 (p = 0.012 and p = 0.004, respectively). CLDN1 targeting with the 6 F6 mAb led to reduction of survival, growth and migration of CLDN1-positive cells. In preclinical mouse models, the 6F6 mAb decreased tumor growth and liver metastasis formation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CLDN1 targeting with an anti-CLDN1 mAb results in decreased growth and survival of CRC cells. This suggests that CLDN1 could be a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cherradi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Ayrolles-Torro
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - N Vezzo-Vié
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - N Gueguinou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - V Denis
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - E Combes
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Boissière
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - M Busson
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - L Canterel-Thouennon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - C Mollevi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - M Pugnière
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Bibeau
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - M Ychou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - P Martineau
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Del Rio
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, F-34298, France.
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22
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Shangkuan WC, Lin HC, Chang YT, Jian CE, Fan HC, Chen KH, Liu YF, Hsu HM, Chou HL, Yao CT, Chu CM, Su SL, Chang CW. Risk analysis of colorectal cancer incidence by gene expression analysis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3003. [PMID: 28229027 PMCID: PMC5314952 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Several studies have performed microarray data analyses for cancer classification and prognostic analyses. Microarray assays also enable the identification of gene signatures for molecular characterization and treatment prediction. Objective Microarray gene expression data from the online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to to distinguish colorectal cancer from normal colon tissue samples. Methods We collected microarray data from the GEO database to establish colorectal cancer microarray gene expression datasets for a combined analysis. Using the Prediction Analysis for Microarrays (PAM) method and the GSEA MSigDB resource, we analyzed the 14,698 genes that were identified through an examination of their expression values between normal and tumor tissues. Results Ten genes (ABCG2, AQP8, SPIB, CA7, CLDN8, SCNN1B, SLC30A10, CD177, PADI2, and TGFBI) were found to be good indicators of the candidate genes that correlate with CRC. From these selected genes, an average of six significant genes were obtained using the PAM method, with an accuracy rate of 95%. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing a model with the PAM method for data mining. After a detailed review of the published reports, the results confirmed that the screened candidate genes are good indicators for cancer risk analysis using the PAM method. Conclusions Six genes were selected with 95% accuracy to effectively classify normal and colorectal cancer tissues. We hope that these results will provide the basis for new research projects in clinical practice that aim to rapidly assess colorectal cancer risk using microarray gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hung-Che Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tien Chang
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-En Jian
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hua Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Section of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chou
- Department of Nursing, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital and Oriental Institute of Technology , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tay Yao
- Department of Emergency, Cathay General Hospital and School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Lung Su
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Section of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chang
- RN, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University & Assistant Research Fellow, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taiwan
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23
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Sewda K, Coppola D, Enkemann S, Yue B, Kim J, Lopez AS, Wojtkowiak JW, Stark VE, Morse B, Shibata D, Vignesh S, Morse DL. Cell-surface markers for colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17773-89. [PMID: 26894861 PMCID: PMC4951249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for effective treatment. Among CRC screening techniques, optical colonoscopy is widely considered the gold standard. However, it is a costly and invasive procedure with a low rate of compliance. Our long-term goal is to develop molecular imaging agents for the non-invasive detection of CRC by molecular imaging-based colonoscopy using CT, MRI or fluorescence. To achieve this, cell surface targets must be identified and validated. Here, we report the discovery of cell-surface markers that distinguish CRC from surrounding tissues that could be used as molecular imaging targets. Profiling of mRNA expression microarray data from patient tissues including adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and normal gastrointestinal tissues was used to identify potential CRC specific cell-surface markers. Of the identified markers, six were selected for further validation (CLDN1, GPR56, GRM8, LY6G6D/F, SLCO1B3 and TLR4). Protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of patient tissues. Except for SLCO1B3, diffuse and low expression was observed for each marker in normal colon tissues. The three markers with the greatest protein overexpression were CLDN1, LY6G6D/F and TLR4, where at least one of these markers was overexpressed in 97% of the CRC samples. GPR56, LY6G6D/F and SLCO1B3 protein expression was significantly correlated with the proximal tumor location and with expression of mismatch repair genes. Marker expression was further validated in CRC cell lines. Hence, three cell-surface markers were discovered that distinguish CRC from surrounding normal tissues. These markers can be used to develop imaging or therapeutic agents targeted to the luminal surface of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Sewda
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Steven Enkemann
- Department of Molecular Genomics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Binglin Yue
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexis S Lopez
- Department of Tissue Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Valerie E Stark
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brian Morse
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Shivakumar Vignesh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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24
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Oleinikova NA, Kharlova OA, Mal'kov PG, Danilova NV. [The expression of claudins in colonic neoplasms]. Arkh Patol 2017; 79:28-35. [PMID: 28295005 DOI: 10.17116/patol201779128-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM the evaluation of localization claudin-1, -3 and -4 types of cancer and colon polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 32 colon adenocarcinoma and 86 polyps. Antibody claudin-1; -3 and -4 were used as immunohistochemical markers in this study. RESULTS 84/118, 64/118, 52/118 reaction with claudin-1, claudin-3 and claudin-4 in cancer and colon polyps had a membrane localization, respectively. In 33 (27.9%) cases was found paradoxical reaction claudin-1; in 50 (42.4%) - a paradoxical reaction claudin-3 in 66 (55.9%) - a paradoxical reaction claudin-4. Among the paradoxical claudin reaction nuclear localization of marker was observed relatively rarely: claudin-3 in 2.5% cases of colon cancer; claudin-4 in 8.5% of colon polyps. CONCLUSION Mislocalization claudin-3 to nucleus in colon cancer and mislocalization claudin-4 to nucleus in adenomas of the colon were detected for the first time. The potential reasons for the paradoxical expression are discussed and a review of the literature, related all the alleged mechanisms of this mislocalization is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O A Kharlova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P G Mal'kov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Danilova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Hashimoto Y, Yagi K, Kondoh M. Roles of the first-generation claudin binder, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in the diagnosis and claudin-targeted treatment of epithelium-derived cancers. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:45-53. [PMID: 27629072 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given that most malignant tumors are derived from epithelium, developing a strategy for treatment of epithelium-derived cancers (i.e., carcinomas) is a pivotal issue in cancer therapy. Carcinomas, including ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, are known to overexpress various claudins (CLDNs); in particular, CLDN-3 and -4 are frequently overexpressed in malignant case. The generation of CLDN binders is a key for expanding CLDN-targeted cancer therapy but has been delayed due to the small size of CLDN extracellular domains (approximately 50 amino acids for the first domain and 15 amino acids for the second) and their high homology among species. Interestingly, however, the receptors for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a foodborne toxin in humans, happen to be identical to CLDN-3 and -4. Thus, the first CLDN binder, CPE, has provided us CLDN-targeted cancer therapy from a concept into a potential reality. In this review, we describe roles of CPE technology in cancer therapy and discuss future directions in the CLDN-targeting concept-to-therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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26
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Xu J, Yang Y, Hao P, Ding X. Claudin 8 Contributes to Malignant Proliferation in Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 30:400-4. [PMID: 26560196 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) represents one of the most common primary sarcomas often originating in the metaphyses of long bones. However, its underlying molecular pathogenesis is still only vaguely understood. Several tight junction proteins were shown to be associated with and involved in tumorigenesis. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Claudin 8 (CLDN8) in human OS. Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA targeting CLDN8 specifically depleted its endogenous expression in U2OS and SW1353 OS cells, with a reduction by 97.7% and 89.3%, respectively, in contrast to control. Depletion of CLDN8 led to a significant diminution in cell viability and proliferation. To test the mechanism by which CLDN8 modulates cell proliferation, the flow cytometry assay and apoptosis assay were performed and confirmed that G1-S transition was blocked and a strong proapoptotic effect was induced in U2OS cells by CLDN8 knockdown. These data demonstrate that CLDN8 plays an essential role in OS proliferation in vitro, which will provide a new opportunity for discovering and identifying novel effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoqi Yang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Hao
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- 2 Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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27
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Iravani O, Yip GWC, Thike AA, Chua PJ, Jane Scully O, Tan PH, Bay BH. Prognostic significance of Claudin 12 in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:878-83. [PMID: 26926102 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Altered expression of the Claudin (CLDN) superfamily of tight junction proteins has been reported in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of CLDN 12 and its prognostic significance in breast cancer tissues. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of CLDN 12 was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of 232 cases of breast carcinoma and correlated with clinicopathological features as well as survival of the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS For the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroup of patients with breast cancer, CLDN 12 expression was shown to be an independent predictor of poor overall survival (HR=2.345; p=0.020) and disease-free survival (HR=2.177; p=0.026) but not for the ER-positive tumours. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that CLDN 12 expression could be clinically useful for predicting the survival of the ER-negative subgroup of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Iravani
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Wai-Cheong Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivia Jane Scully
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Rabinsky EF, Joshi BP, Pant A, Zhou J, Duan X, Smith A, Kuick R, Fan S, Nusrat A, Owens SR, Appelman HD, Wang TD. Overexpressed Claudin-1 Can Be Visualized Endoscopically in Colonic Adenomas In Vivo. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:222-237. [PMID: 27840845 PMCID: PMC4980721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Conventional white-light colonoscopy aims to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC has been found to arise from missed polypoid and flat precancerous lesions. We aimed to establish proof-of-concept for real-time endoscopic imaging of colonic adenomas using a near-infrared peptide that is specific for claudin-1. METHODS We used gene expression profiles to identify claudin-1 as a promising early CRC target, and performed phage display against the extracellular loop of claudin-1 (amino acids 53-80) to identify the peptide RTSPSSR. With a Cy5.5 label, we characterized binding parameters and showed specific binding to human CRC cells. We collected in vivo near-infrared fluorescence images endoscopically in the CPC;Apc mouse, which develops colonic adenomas spontaneously. With immunofluorescence, we validated specific peptide binding to adenomas from the proximal human colon. RESULTS We found a 2.5-fold increase in gene expression for claudin-1 in human colonic adenomas compared with normal. We showed specific binding of RTSPSSR to claudin-1 in knockdown and competition studies, and measured an affinity of 42 nmol/L and a time constant of 1.2 minutes to SW620 cells. In the mouse, we found a significantly higher target-to-background ratio for both polypoid and flat adenomas compared with normal by in vivo images. On immunofluorescence, we found significantly greater intensity for human adenomas (mean ± SD, 25.5 ± 14.0) vs normal (mean ± SD, 9.1 ± 6.0) and hyperplastic polyps (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 3.7; P = 10-5 and 8 × 10-12, respectively), and for sessile serrated adenomas (mean ± SD, 20.1 ± 13.3) vs normal and hyperplastic polyps (P = .02 and 3 × 10-7, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Claudin-1 is overexpressed in premalignant colonic lesions, and can be detected endoscopically in vivo with a near-infrared, labeled peptide.
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Key Words
- APC, adenomatous polyposis coli
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CLDN1, claudin-1
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Colon Cancer
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Early Detection
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Molecular Imaging
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween-20
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RT, room temperature
- SSA, sessile serrated adenoma
- T/B, target-to-background
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- siCL, control small interfering RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Rabinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asha Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arlene Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuling Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Henry D. Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Thomas D. Wang, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1522, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200. fax: (734) 647-7950.Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringDivision of GastroenterologyUniversity of Michigan109 Zina Pitcher PlaceBSRB 1522Ann ArborMichigan 48109-2200
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29
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Bujko M, Kober P, Mikula M, Ligaj M, Ostrowski J, Siedlecki JA. Expression changes of cell-cell adhesion-related genes in colorectal tumors. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2463-2470. [PMID: 26137091 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues achieve a highly organized structure due to cell-cell junction complexes. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by changes in cell interactions and tissue morphology, which appear in the early stages of benign tumors and progress along with invasive potential. The aim of the present study was to analyze the changes in expression levels of genes encoding intercellular junction proteins that have been previously identified to be differentially expressed in colorectal tumors compared with normal mucosa samples (fold change, >2.5) in genome-wide expression profiling. The expression of 20 selected genes was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 26 colorectal cancer, 42 adenoma and 24 normal mucosa samples. Between these tissue types, differences were observed in the mRNA levels of genes encoding adherens junction proteins (upregulation of CDH3 and CDH11, and downregulation of CDH19 and PTPRF), tight junction proteins (upregulation of CLDN1 and CLDN2, and downregulation of CLDN5, CLDN8, CLDN23, CLDN15, JAM2 and CGN) and desmosomes (upregulation of DSC3 and DSG3, and downregulation of DSC2), in addition to a decrease in the expression of certain other genes involved in intercellular connections: PCDHB14, PCDH7, MUPCDH and NEO1. The differences between tissue types were statistically significant, and separate clustering of normal adenoma and carcinoma samples was observed in a hierarchical clustering analysis. These results indicate that the morphological changes in neoplastic colon tissue that occur during the 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence' are accompanied by specific changes in the expression of multiple genes encoding the majority of cell-cell junction complexes. The particular differential expression patterns appear to be consistent among patients with cancer and adenoma, in addition to normal mucosa samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Paulina Kober
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Marcin Ligaj
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Janusz Aleksander Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
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30
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Yang Y, Cheon S, Jung MK, Song SB, Kim D, Kim HJ, Park H, Bang SI, Cho D. Interleukin-18 enhances breast cancer cell migration via down-regulation of claudin-12 and induction of the p38 MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:379-86. [PMID: 25727011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) was recently reported to have a pro-tumor effect in various cancers. Increased IL-18 levels in the serum of cancer patients correlated with malignancy, and IL-18 acts a crucial factor for cell migration in gastric cancer and melanoma. Claudins, which are the most important tight junction proteins, are also linked with cancer progression and metastasis. However, the relationship between claudins and IL-18 is not well-understood. Here, we show that the migratory ability of MCF-7 cells was reduced when endogenous IL-18 expression was inhibited with IL-18 siRNA. Moreover, exogenous IL-18 enhanced breast cancer cell migration and suppressed the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and claudin-12 in MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of claudin-3, claudin-4, and claudin-12, but not claudin-1, increased breast cancer migration with maximal effects observed in claudin-12 siRNA-transfected cells. To investigate whether the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in IL-18-induced cell migration and claudin-12 expression, cells were pretreated with SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) or PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK1/2) prior to the addition of IL-18. Although pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with SB203580 blocked both the enhanced cell migration and the decreased claudin-12 expression, PD98059 only blocked cell migration and did not affect claudin-12 expression. In addition, exogenous IL-18 induced rapid phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These results suggest that IL-18 is an important factor inducing breast cancer cell migration through down-regulation of claudin-12 and activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Cheon
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bean Song
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gehren AS, Rocha MR, de Souza WF, Morgado-Díaz JA. Alterations of the apical junctional complex and actin cytoskeleton and their role in colorectal cancer progression. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1017688. [PMID: 26451338 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1017688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the fourth highest mortality rate among cancer types worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate their progression can prevents or reduces mortality due to this disease. Epithelial cells present an apical junctional complex connected to the actin cytoskeleton, which maintains the dynamic properties of this complex, tissue architecture and cell homeostasis. Several studies have indicated that apical junctional complex alterations and actin cytoskeleton disorganization play a critical role in epithelial cancer progression. However, few studies have examined the existence of an interrelation between these 2 components, particularly in colorectal cancer. This review discusses the recent progress toward elucidating the role of alterations of apical junctional complex constituents and of modifications of actin cytoskeleton organization and discusses how these events are interlinked to modulate cellular responses related to colorectal cancer progression toward successful metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sartorio Gehren
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Program of Cellular Biology; Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mellas RE, Leigh NJ, Nelson JW, McCall AD, Baker OJ. Zonula occludens-1, occludin and E-cadherin expression and organization in salivary glands with Sjögren's syndrome. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:45-56. [PMID: 25248927 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414555145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes secretory dysfunction of the salivary glands leading to dry mouth. Previous studies reported that tight junction (TJ) proteins are down-regulated and lose polarity in human minor salivary glands with SS, suggesting that TJ structure is compromised in SS patients. In this paper, we utilized the NOD/ShiLtJ mouse with the main goal of evaluating this model for future TJ research. We found that the organization of apical proteins in areas proximal and distal to lymphocytic infiltration remained intact in mouse and human salivary glands with SS. These areas looked comparable to control glands (i.e., with no lymphocytic infiltration). TJ staining was absent in areas of lymphocytic infiltration coinciding with the loss of salivary epithelium. Gene expression studies show that most TJs are not significantly altered in 20-week-old NOD/ShiLtJ mice as compared with age-matched C57BL/6 controls. Protein expression studies revealed that the TJ proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-12, as well as E-cadherin, do not significantly change in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Our results suggest that ZO-1, occludin and E-cadherin are not altered in areas without lymphocytic infiltration. However, future studies will be necessary to test the functional aspect of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Mellas
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (REM, NJL, JWN, OJB)
| | - Noel J Leigh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (REM, NJL, JWN, OJB)
| | - Joel W Nelson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (REM, NJL, JWN, OJB)
| | - Andrew D McCall
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA (ADM)
| | - Olga J Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (REM, NJL, JWN, OJB)
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Süren D, Yıldırım M, Kaya V, Alikanoğlu AS, Bülbüller N, Yıldız M, Sezer C. Loss of tight junction proteins (Claudin 1, 4, and 7) correlates with aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1255-62. [PMID: 25038829 PMCID: PMC4113573 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction proteins in the cell organize paracellular permeability and they play a critical role in apical cell-to-cell adhesion and epithelial polarity. Claudins are major integral membrane proteins of tight junctions, especially Claudin 1, 4, and 7, which are known as the impermeability Claudins. In this study, we investigated the importance of loss of Claudin 1, 4, and 7 expression, and their relation to tumor progression in colorectal cancer patients. MATERIAL/METHODS Loss of Claudin 1, 4, and 7 expression was examined by immunohistochemical method in 70 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Cases with loss of Claudin expression in <1/3 of tumor cells were classified as mild loss, whereas cases with loss of Claudin expression ³1/3 of tumor cells were classified as moderate-to-marked loss in order to evaluate the relation between loss of Claudin 1, 4, and 7 expression and clinicopathologic data. RESULTS The severe suppression of Claudin 1, 4, and 7 expression was found to be significantly related to the depth of tumor invasion, positive regional lymph nodes, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphocytic response. Additionally, severity of loss in Claudin 4 expression was found to have a relation with distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Claudin 1, 4, and 7 are important building blocks of paracellular adhesion molecules. Their decreased expression in colorectal cancer seems to have critical effects on cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and immune response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinç Süren
- Department of Pathology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldırım
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of Health Batman Regional Government Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Vildan Kaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Nurullah Bülbüller
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cem Sezer
- Department of Pathology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Claudin-1 Expression Is Elevated in Colorectal Cancer Precursor Lesions Harboring the BRAF V600E Mutation. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:456-63. [PMID: 24954356 PMCID: PMC4202803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/P) are now recognised precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC) including cancers harbouring somatic BRAF (V600E) mutations. While the morphological diagnostic criteria of SSA/P have been established, distinguishing between small/early SSA/P and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps (MVHP) is challenging and may not be possible in routine practice. METHODS: Gene expression profiling of MVHP (n=5, all BRAF V600E wild-type) and SSA/P (n=5, all BRAF V600E mutant) samples was performed. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to verify the expression of claudin 1 (CLDN1) in MVHP and SSA/P. RESULTS: Gene expression profiling studies conducted between MVHP and SSA/P identified CLDN1 as the most statistically significant differentially expressed gene (p<0.05). Validation with qRT-PCR confirmed an up-regulation of CLDN1 in BRAF V600E mutant polyps regardless of polyp type (p<0.0005). Immunohistochemical analysis of CLDN1 expression in BRAF V600E mutant SSA/Ps (n=53) and MVHPs (n=111) and BRAF wild-type MVHPs (n=58), demonstrated a strong correlation between CLDN1 expression and the BRAF V600E mutation in both SSA/P and MVHP samples when compared to wild-type polyps (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an up regulation of CLDN1 protein in serrated colorectal polyps including MVHP harbouring the BRAF V600E mutation. Our results demonstrated an apparent heterogeneity on the molecular level within the MVHP group and suggest that MVHP with somatic BRAF V600E mutation and up-regulated expression of CLDN1 are closely related to SSA/P and may in fact represent a continuous spectrum of the same neoplastic process within the serrated pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Schreiber J, Langhorst H, Jüttner R, Rathjen FG. The IgCAMs CAR, BT-IgSF, and CLMP: Structure, Function, and Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:21-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Epithelial transport relies on the proper function and regulation of the tight junction (TJ), other-wise uncontrolled paracellular leakage of solutes and water would occur. They also act as a fence against mixing of membrane proteins of the apical and basolateral side. The proteins determining paracellular transport consist of four transmembrane regions, intracellular N and C terminals, one intracellular and two extracellular loops (ECLs). The ECLs interact laterally and with counterparts of the neighboring cell and by this achieve a general sealing function. Two TJ protein families can be distinguished, claudins, comprising 27 members in mammals, and TJ-associated MARVEL proteins (TAMP), comprising occludin, tricellulin, and MarvelD3. They are linked to a multitude of TJ-associated regulatory and scaffolding proteins. The major TJ proteins are classified according to the physiological role they play in enabling or preventing paracellular transport. Many TJ proteins have sealing functions (claudins 1, 3, 5, 11, 14, 19, and tricellulin). In contrast, a significant number of claudins form channels across TJs which feature selectivity for cations (claudins 2, 10b, and 15), anions (claudin-10a and -17), or are permeable to water (claudin-2). For several TJ proteins, function is yet unclear as their effects on epithelial barriers are inconsistent (claudins 4, 7, 8, 16, and occludin). TJs undergo physiological and pathophysiological regulation by altering protein composition or abundance. Major pathophysiological conditions which involve changes in TJ protein composition are (1) effects of pathogens binding to TJ proteins, (2) altered TJ protein composition during inflammation and infection, and (3) altered TJ protein expression in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité, Universtätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität/Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q, Chen YH. The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5:367-75. [PMID: 24232410 PMCID: PMC3825674 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of cancer to metastasis. At least three main tight junction family proteins have been discovered: occludin, claudin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Claudins are the most important structural and functional components of tight junction integral membrane proteins, with at least 24 members in mammals. They are crucial for the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules. Overexpression or downregulation of claudins is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers. However, molecular mechanisms by which claudins affect tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. As the pivotal proteins in epithelial cells, altered expression and distribution of different claudins have been reported in a wide variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic, colonic, lung, ovarian, thyroid, prostate, esophageal, and breast cancers. In this review, we will give the readers an overall picture of the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers and their mechanisms of regulation. Downregulation of claudins contributes to epithelial transformation by increasing the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth factors to cancerous cells. In the cases of upregulation of claudin expression, the barrier function of the cancerous epithelia changes, as they often display a disorganized arrangement of tight junction strands with increased permeability to paracellular markers. Finally, we will summarize the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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38
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Martin TA, Lane J, Ozupek H, Jiang WG. Claudin-20 promotes an aggressive phenotype in human breast cancer cells. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e26518. [PMID: 24665404 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.26518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-20 is a member of the Claudin family of transmembrane proteins located in the tight junction (TJ) of cells of epithelial origin. Due to the increasing evidence supporting the role of TJ proteins in preventing tumor cell metastatic behavior, this study sought to evaluate the distribution of Claudin-20 in human breast cancer and the effect of Claudin-20 overexpression in human breast cancer cells. Q-PCR data from breast cancer primary tumors (n = 114) and matched background tissue (n = 30) showed that high claudin-20 expression was correlated with poor survival of patients with breast cancer (p = 0.022). Following transformation of the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 with a Claudin-20 expression construct functional assays were performed to ascertain changes in cell behavior. Claudin-20 transformed cells showed significantly increased invasion (p < 0.005) and were significantly less adhesive than wild type cells (p < 0.05). There was no effect on growth (either in vitro or in vivo) for either cell line. Overexpression of Claudin-20 resulted in reduced transepithelial resistance (induced by the motogen HGF at 25 ng/ml, p = 0.0007). Interestingly, this was not mirrored by paracellular permeability, as overexpression of Claudin-20 caused a decrease in permeability. The introduction of Claudin-20 into human breast cancer cells resulted in breast cancer cells with an aggressive phenotype and reduced trans-epithelial resistance. There was no corresponding decrease in paracellular permeability, indicating that this Claudin has a differential function in epithelial TJ. This provides further insight into the importance of correctly functioning TJ in preventing the progression of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Martin
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Hulya Ozupek
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group; Cardiff School of Medicine; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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Holczbauer Á, Gyöngyösi B, Lotz G, Szijártó A, Kupcsulik P, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Distinct claudin expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:294-305. [PMID: 23385421 PMCID: PMC3636686 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413479123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction proteins, including claudins, are often dysregulated during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, the claudin expression pattern usually varies between different tumor entities. We aimed to investigate claudin expression profiles of primary and metastatic liver malignancies. We analyzed claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, and -7 expression by quantitative immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Twenty hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and liver metastases of 20 colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRLMs) and 15 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PLMs) were studied together with paired surrounding non-tumorous liver samples and 5 normal liver samples. Strong claudin-3 and -7 immunohistochemical positivities were detected in CRLM samples, each with significantly stronger staining when compared with HCC and PLM groups. Claudin-1 protein was found highly expressed in CRLM, in contrast to lower expression in PLM and HCC. CRLMs and PLMs also were strongly positive for claudin-4, while being virtually undetectable in HCC. Claudin-2 showed strong positivity in non-tumorous liver tissue, whereas significantly weaker positivity was observed in all tumors. Differences in mRNA expression were mostly similar to those found by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HCC and both CRLM and PLM display distinct claudin expression profiles, which might provide better understanding of the pathobiology of these lesions and might be used for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Holczbauer
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Regulation of Tight Junctions for Therapeutic Advantages. CANCER METASTASIS - BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6028-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bezdekova M, Brychtova S, Sedlakova E, Langova K, Brychta T, Belej K. Analysis of Snail-1, E-cadherin and claudin-1 expression in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1632-1643. [PMID: 22408413 PMCID: PMC3291982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the expression of Snail-1, E-cadherin and claudin-1 by indirect immunohistochemistry in colonic neoplasia. Snail-1 is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in cells that already have undergone almost complete epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and have already evaded from the tumor. The main mechanism by which Snail induces EMT is downregulation of E-cadherin, of which expression was shown to be frequently downregulated in many different types of tumors, where it accompanies the invasiveness and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Moreover, Snail-1 may downregulate the expression of claudin-1, a cell-cell adhesion protein which plays a likely role in progression and dissemination during tumorigenesis. Snail-1 was expressed in both carcinoma and adenoma cells with histologically normal epithelium in the mucosa, adjacent to the tumors, without significant differences, and predominant strong intensity of staining. Statistically significant differences were revealed between normal and tumorous epithelium (p = 0.003) at the subcellular level, where the shift of the protein to the cytoplasm with combined cytoplasmic/nuclear or pure cytoplasmic expression was observed. E-cadherin expression was present in 100% of cases of both adenocarcinomas and adenomas, with prevailing strong membranous immunoreactivity and no differences between protein expression in tumors and normal mucosa. Predominating strong positivity of claudin-1 was detected in tumor cells of adenocarcinomas and adenomas. Marked differences were seen in protein localization, where membranous staining, typical for nontumorous epithelium, changed to combined membranous/cytoplasmic expression in adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0001) and adenomas (0.0002), in which cytoplasmic shift was associated with a higher degree of dysplasia. Furthermore, membranous/cytoplasmic localization was more frequent in the carcinoma group (87%) in comparison with adenomas (51%) (p = 0.0001). We conclude that dystopic subcellular localizations of Snail-1 and claudin-1 may participate in changes of cellular morphology and behavior which might be associated with altered effectory pathways of proteins and thus substantially contribute to the cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Bezdekova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (M.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Svetlana Brychtova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (M.B.); (E.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-58-563-9547; Fax: +420-58-563-2966
| | - Eva Sedlakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (M.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Katerina Langova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Tomas Brychta
- Department of Recreology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, tr. Miru 115, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Kamil Belej
- Department of Urology, Central Military Hospital, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
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Abdelzaher E, Rizk AM, Bessa SS, Omer KM. Predictive value of immunohistochemical expression of claudin-1 in colonic carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2011; 23:123-31. [PMID: 22776839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recently, the possible involvement of claudin-1, one of the major tight junction proteins, in the process of tumorigenesis has been suggested. Also, claudin-1 has emerged as a potential prognostic factor in different types of tumors. The aim of this study was to detect caludin-1 expression in colonic carcinoma and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological variables in an attempt to delineate its role as a potential new prognostic marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of claudin-1 was assessed in 50 Egyptian patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. The predictive performance of claudin-1 expression was statistically evaluated. RESULTS Decreased claudin-1 expression was found in 62% of colonic adenocarcinoma cases while similar expression was found in 38% of the cases. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between claudin-1 expression and tumor grade, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, and tumor stage. Regression analysis showed that claudin-1 decreased expression significantly predicts that the tumor is of a high grade, high stage, and is associated with lymph node involvement. ROC curve analysis showed that claudin-1 had a sensitivity of 88.24% and a specificity of 81.25% for the prediction of tumor stage and a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 82.86% for the prediction of lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS Claudin-1 decreased expression in colonic carcinoma contributes to tumor dedifferentiation, invasion and metastasis. Claudin-1 expression could be used as a predictor of colonic carcinoma stage and lymph node status with a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelzaher
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Martin TA, Jiang WG. Claudin-16/paracellin-1, cloning, expression, and its role in tight junction functions in cancer and endothelial cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 762:383-407. [PMID: 21717372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-185-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic spread of cancer is the major reason for patient mortality in human breast cancer. We examined expression of claudin-16 in human breast cells and tissues to identify a possible link between expression and aggressiveness in cells and between claudin-16 levels and patient prognosis. Forced expression of claudin-16 in breast cancer cells resulted in a less aggressive phenotype and reduced in vivo tumour volume. Claudin-16 expression was reduced in human breast cancer, particularly in patients with aggressive tumours and high mortality (Martin et al. J Cell Biochem 105:41-52,2008). This suggests that claudin-16 plays a role beyond that of an initial metastasis repressor in this cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Martin
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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44
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Williams CS, Zhang B, Smith JJ, Jayagopal A, Barrett CW, Pino C, Russ P, Presley SH, Peng D, Rosenblatt DO, Haselton FR, Yang JL, Washington MK, Chen X, Eschrich S, Yeatman TJ, El-Rifai W, Beauchamp RD, Chang MS. BVES regulates EMT in human corneal and colon cancer cells and is silenced via promoter methylation in human colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2011. [PMID: 21911938 DOI: 10.1172/jci44228.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype is a critical step in the metastatic progression of epithelial carcinomas. Adherens junctions (AJs) are required for suppressing this epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but less is known about the role of tight junctions (TJs) in this process. Here, we investigated the functions of blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES, also known as POPDC1 and POP1), an integral membrane protein that regulates TJ formation. BVES was found to be underexpressed in all stages of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and in adenomatous polyps, indicating its suppression occurs early in transformation. Similarly, the majority of CRC cell lines tested exhibited decreased BVES expression and promoter DNA hypermethylation, a modification associated with transcriptional silencing. Treatment with a DNA-demethylating agent restored BVES expression in CRC cell lines, indicating that methylation represses BVES expression. Reexpression of BVES in CRC cell lines promoted an epithelial phenotype, featuring decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth; impaired growth of an orthotopic xenograft; and blocked metastasis. Conversely, interfering with BVES function by expressing a dominant-negative mutant in human corneal epithelial cells induced mesenchymal features. These biological outcomes were associated with changes in AJ and TJ composition and related signaling. Therefore, BVES prevents EMT, and its epigenetic silencing may be an important step in promoting EMT programs during colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine/GI, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Williams CS, Zhang B, Smith JJ, Jayagopal A, Barrett CW, Pino C, Russ P, Presley SH, Peng D, Rosenblatt DO, Haselton FR, Yang JL, Washington MK, Chen X, Eschrich S, Yeatman TJ, El-Rifai W, Beauchamp RD, Chang MS. BVES regulates EMT in human corneal and colon cancer cells and is silenced via promoter methylation in human colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4056-69. [PMID: 21911938 DOI: 10.1172/jci44228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype is a critical step in the metastatic progression of epithelial carcinomas. Adherens junctions (AJs) are required for suppressing this epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but less is known about the role of tight junctions (TJs) in this process. Here, we investigated the functions of blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES, also known as POPDC1 and POP1), an integral membrane protein that regulates TJ formation. BVES was found to be underexpressed in all stages of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and in adenomatous polyps, indicating its suppression occurs early in transformation. Similarly, the majority of CRC cell lines tested exhibited decreased BVES expression and promoter DNA hypermethylation, a modification associated with transcriptional silencing. Treatment with a DNA-demethylating agent restored BVES expression in CRC cell lines, indicating that methylation represses BVES expression. Reexpression of BVES in CRC cell lines promoted an epithelial phenotype, featuring decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth; impaired growth of an orthotopic xenograft; and blocked metastasis. Conversely, interfering with BVES function by expressing a dominant-negative mutant in human corneal epithelial cells induced mesenchymal features. These biological outcomes were associated with changes in AJ and TJ composition and related signaling. Therefore, BVES prevents EMT, and its epigenetic silencing may be an important step in promoting EMT programs during colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine/GI, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Kondoh A, Takano KI, Kojima T, Ohkuni T, Kamekura R, Ogasawara N, Go M, Sawada N, Himi T. Altered expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin regardless of human papilloma virus infection in human tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:861-8. [PMID: 21480761 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.562537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin in early tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) independent of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection may lead to tumor progression. OBJECTIVES Integral tight junction proteins, the claudins and tricellulin, play a crucial role in all tissues. HPV is significantly associated with tonsillar SCC. We sought to determine the expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin in HPV-infected and HPV-free tonsillar SCC. METHODS Twenty-eight tonsillar SCCs were studied by immunohistochemical analysis and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, claudin-1 was strongly expressed, whereas claudin-7 and tricellulin were weakly expressed or were absent in primary SCC and metastatic lymph nodes. Claudin-7 and tricellulin were markedly reduced at all stages of tumor development. In situ hybridization analysis showed no correlation between HPV infection and altered expression of the tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kondoh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Turksen K, Troy TC. Junctions gone bad: Claudins and loss of the barrier in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Stecker K, Vieth M, Koschel A, Wiedenmann B, Röcken C, Anders M. Impact of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1426-33. [PMID: 21468049 PMCID: PMC3101933 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has been suggested to function as a tumour suppressor. Its impact on the adenoma–carcinoma sequence of the colon, however, is unclear. Methods: Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor was analysed in non-cancerous and neoplastic colon samples using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT–PCR. The function of CAR in colon cancer cell lines was determined following application of CAR siRNA or ectopic expression of a human full-length CAR cDNA. Results: Compared with healthy mucosa, increased CAR-mRNA expression was found in adenomas, whereas primary cancers and metastases displayed a marked decline. At the plasma membrane, CAR was present in normal mucosa samples (93%), adenomas, and metastases (100% ea.), whereas in colon cancers, it was found less frequently (49%, P<0.0001). Cytoplasmic CAR immunopositivity increased from normal mucosa (22%), to adenomas (73%, P=0.0006), primary cancers (83%, P<0.0001), and metastases (67%, P=0.0019). In cancer cell lines, CAR inhibition resulted in increased proliferation, whereas enforced ectopic CAR expression led to opposite results. Blocking the extracellular portion of CAR increased cell invasion in vitro. In mice, xenotransplants of colon cancer cells with enforced CAR expression formed significantly smaller tumours, whereas CAR inhibition increased the formation of liver metastases. Conclusion: We conclude that CAR facilitates complex effects during colon carcinogenesis, potentially mediated by its stage-dependent subcellular distribution; high CAR expression potentially prevents apoptosis in adenomas, loss of CAR at the plasma membrane promotes growth, and dissemination of primary cancers, and high membranous CAR presence may support the establishment of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow, Augustenburgerplatz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
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Matsuoka T, Mitomi H, Fukui N, Kanazawa H, Saito T, Hayashi T, Yao T. Cluster analysis of claudin-1 and -4, E-cadherin, and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancers. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:674-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tang W, Dou T, Zhong M, Wu Z. Dysregulation of Claudin family genes in colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. Biofactors 2011; 37:65-73. [PMID: 21294205 DOI: 10.1002/biof.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Claudins play an important role in tumor metastasis and in invasiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC). We have evaluated the relationship between CRC and expression of the claudin genes in Chinese patients with CRC. We measured CLDN1 and CLDN7 mRNA using quantitative PCR, and protein levels with immunohistochemistry in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue. Cancer tissues had significantly higher levels of CLDN1, and significantly lower levels of CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 than did normal tissue. CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 expression levels were higher in CRC of the protruded type than in CRC of the infiltrative type. Expression of CLDN7 correlated with lymph node metastasis. Stage N0 cancer tissues had higher levels of CLDN7 than did stages N1 and N2, suggesting that CLDN7 expression was closely related to the extent of lymph node metastasis. CLDN1 protein was upregulated, but CLDN7 protein was downregulated in cancer tissues when compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7 were significantly downregulated, whereas CLDN1 was significantly upregulated in CRC. The altered expression of claudin genes may play a role in the initiation and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shangai, People's Republic of China
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